GAA17CA268

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Kaunakakai, HI · May 3, 2017

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
May 3, 2017, 10:55 local (19:55 UTC)
Place
Kaunakakai, HI
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Takeoff
Aircraft
N173LLCessna 172
Defining event
Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Abnormal runway contact
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report October 31, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20170503021549A
Case key
95134

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The student pilot’s incorrect flap configuration during the go-around, which resulted in a hard, forced landing.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: configurationAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operationCessna 172P: 1 caseAll aircraft: 80 casesProbable cause
Flight control system: tE flap control systemAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operationCessna 172P: 1 caseAll aircraft: 74 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: use of equip/systemPersonnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilotCessna 172P: 6 casesAll aircraft: 1,391 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The student pilot reported that she was practicing touch-and-go landings on an asphalt runway. She initiated an approach and bounced the landing and then she initiated a go-around. She was airborne when she pushed the carb heat in and applied full throttle "but mistakenly put flaps up, all at once." The airplane descended to the runway and landed hard. During the landing roll, she pulled the throttle back to idle, gained her bearings, and then initiated a takeoff. She noticed a binding and restriction in the elevator and yoke control movements while remaining in the airport's pattern. She declared an emergency and landed the airplane on the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the elevator control column. The manufacturer's Pilot's Operating Handbook identified the Balked Landing procedure as: 1. Throttle – Full Open 2. Carburetor Heat – Cold 3. Wing Flaps –20° (Immediately) 4. Climb Speed – 55 KIAS 5. Wing Flaps – 10° (Until obstacles are cleared) Retract (After reaching a safe altitude and 60 KIAS) The student reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The student pilot reported that she was practicing touch and go landings to an asphalt runway. She initiated an approach and bounced the landing, then she accomplished a go-around. However, she was airborne when she pushed the carb heat in and applied full throttle, "but mistakenly put flaps up, all at once." The airplane descended to the runway and landed hard. During the landing roll, she pulled the throttle back to idle and gained her bearings, then she initiated a takeoff. She noticed a binding and restriction in the elevator and yoke control movements while remaining in the airport's pattern. She declared an emergency and landed the airplane on the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the elevator control column. The manufacturer's pilot operating handbook identifies the Balked Landing procedure as: 1. Throttle – Full Open 2. Carburetor Heat – Cold 3. Wing Flaps –20° (Immediately) 4. Climb Speed – 55 KIAS 5. Wing Flaps – 10° (Until obstacles are cleared) Retract (After reaching a safe altitude and 60 KIAS) The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N173LL
Reported as
Cessna 172 (P)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17275633
Built
1982
Airframe hours
9,747.5
Engine
Lycoming O-320-D2J, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Lani Lea Sky Tours, LLC
Registered owner
Lani Lea Sky Tours, LLC
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · April 25, 2017
Departed
PHNL · Honolulu, HI
Destination
PHNL · Honolulu, HI
Flight plan
VFR
Airport
MKK · Molokai, runway 5, 4,494 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Stall warning system

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
27
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
62 total · 62 in this make and model · 5 as pilot in command · 20 in the last 90 days · 4 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
20° at 9 knots, gusting 17
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
81 °F, dew point 70 °F
Altimeter
30.11 inHg
Observed at
PHMK

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 25, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 3.8 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.