GAA17CA318

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Payson, AZ · June 4, 2017

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 4, 2017, 10:24 local (17:24 UTC)
Place
Payson, AZ
Injuries
2 minor
Damage
Destroyed
Phase of flight
Approach
Aircraft
N50526Cessna 172
Defining event
Approach-VFR go-around: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report November 14, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20170604009459A
Case key
95297

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot’s inadequate preflight planning that did not account for high-density altitude conditions and his subsequent attempted go-around in conditions that prevented the airplane from attaining a positive climb rate and resulted in its subsequent descent and impact with rising terrain.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 172M: 123 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
Planning/preparation: performance calculationsPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 172M: 2 casesAll aircraft: 114 casesProbable cause
Temp/humidity/pressure: high density altitudeEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operationCessna 172M: 4 casesAll aircraft: 278 casesProbable cause
Aircraft capability: climb capabilityAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 172M: 3 casesAll aircraft: 183 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that, during an approach to runway 22, the airplane drifted to the right of the runway centerline. He initiated a go-around by turning off the carburetor heat, applying full throttle, decreasing the flaps from 30° to 20°, and pushing forward on the yoke to increase airspeed; the airplane then began to settle into ground effect. The pilot saw that the terrain began to rise, and he recalled that the noise abatement procedure called for a right turn to 270°, so he turned to the right before establishing a climb. The airplane descended into rising terrain, struck trees, and impacted the ground and became engulfed in flames. The postcrash fire destroyed the fuselage. The METAR reported that the wind was variable at 4 knots and that the temperature was 84°F. The field elevation was 5,504 ft, and the altimeter setting was 30.14 inches of mercury. The density altitude was 8,255 ft. Per the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot Aircraft Accident Report, the pilot reported that the accident could have been prevented by reviewing the airplane's performance data and atmospheric conditions, especially density altitude and its effect on performance per the manufacturer's Pilot's Operating Handbook. The pilot stated that he would place greater emphasis on performance planning as an essential activity during flight planning. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that during an approach to runway 22, the airplane drifted to the right of the runway centerline. He initiated a go-around by turning off the carburetor heat, he applied full throttle, he increased the flaps from 30° to 20°, and he pushed forward on the yoke to increase airspeed. He noticed that the airplane began to settle into ground effect. He saw that the terrain began to rise and he recalled that the noise abatement procedure called for a right turn to 270°, so the pilot turned to the right before establishing a climb. The airplane descended into rising terrain, struck trees and impacted the ground and became engulfed in flames. The post-crash fire destroyed the airplane's fuselage. The METAR reported that the wind was variable at 4 kts. and the temperature was 84° Fahrenheit. The field elevation was 5,504 ft. and the altimeter setting was 30.14. The density altitude was 8,255 ft. Per the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot Aircraft Accident Report, the pilot reported that the accident could have been prevented by reviewing the airplane's performance data and atmospheric conditions, especially density altitude and its effect on performance per the manufacturer pilot operating handbook. In the future, the pilot vowed to place greater emphasis on performance planning as an essential activity during flight planning. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N50526
Reported as
Cessna 172 (M)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17264211
Built
1974
Airframe hours
5,320.6
Engine
Lycoming O-320, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Destroyed
Fire
On-Ground
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Classic Air Aviation LLC
Registered owner
Classic Air Aviation LLC
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · May 17, 2017
Departed
FFZ · Mesa, AZ
Destination
PAN · Payson, AZ
Airport
PAN · Payson, runway 24, 5,504 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
57
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
May 12, 2017
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
92 total · 92 in this make and model · 25 as pilot in command · 21 in the last 90 days · 10 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Variable at 4 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
84 °F, dew point 32 °F
Altimeter
30.13 inHg
Observed at
KPAN, 2 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 12, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 6.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.