GAA17CA367

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 182 · San Martin, CA · June 25, 2017

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 24, 2017, 17:15 local (Jun 25, 2017, 00:15 UTC)
Place
San Martin, CA
Injuries
1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N524BFCessna 182
Defining event
Enroute-descent: Fuel starvation
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report September 7, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20170625021559A
Case key
95440

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot’s failure to attain a proper glidepath on approach for landing, which resulted in an impact with a guard rail and post. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s failure to ensure that sufficient fuel was onboard for nonlevel flight, which resulted in fuel starvation.

Findings · 5

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 182A: 18 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: descent/approach/glide pathAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Attain/maintain not possibleCessna 182A: 3 casesAll aircraft: 809 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelCessna 182A: 13 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 182A: 8 casesAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Object/animal/substance: fence/fence postEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomeCessna 182A: 2 casesAll aircraft: 313 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that he departed for a parachute jump flight with 12 gallons of fuel onboard. He added that, after the parachute jumpers exited the airplane about 10,500 ft mean sea level (msl), he initiated a left spiraling descent back to the airport. He further added that he "heard and felt the engine start [to] quiet down as if it was shutting down." He then began to make right descending turns and verified that the fuel selector was in the "both" position. He added that the cylinder head temperature was decreasing, so he switched back to left descending turns and that the "fuel starvation due to banking happened two more times." The pilot reported that he entered left downwind about 4,000 ft msl, pushed the throttle and mixture controls full forward, and determined that the "engine wasn't producing much power." He added that, during short final, he realized the airplane was too low, so he landed the airplane on a highway "on-ramp." During the forced landing, the airplane impacted a guard rail and a post. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage and both wings. The pilot reported that he "suspected engine power loss due to fuel exhaustion." During a postaccident examination, the Federal Aviation Administration inspector drained about 12 gallons of fuel from both wing tanks and the gascolator. In the Description section of the Cessna 182A Owner's Manual, it states that there are 1.5 gallons of unusable fuel per fuel tank (3 gallons) and that, when not in level flight, there are an additional 3.5 gallons of unusable fuel per fuel tank (10 gallons).

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that he departed for a parachute jump flight with 12 gallons of fuel. He added that after the parachute jumpers exited the airplane about 10,500 ft. mean sea level (MSL), he initiated a left spiraling descent back to the airport. He further added that he "heard and felt the engine start [to] quiet down as if it was shutting down". He then began to make right descending turns and verified that the fuel selector was in the "both" position. He added that the cylinder head temperature was decreasing, so he switched back to left descending turns and the "fuel starvation due to banking happened two more times". The pilot reported that he entered left downwind about 4,000 ft. MSL, pushed the throttle and mixture controls full forward, and determined that the "engine wasn't producing much power". He added that during short final he realized the airplane was too low, so he landed the airplane on a highway "on-ramp". During the forced landing, the airplane impacted a guard rail and a post. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage and both wings. The pilot reported that he "suspected engine power loss due to fuel exhaustion". During a postaccident examination, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector drained about 12 gallons of fuel from both wing tanks and the gascolator. In the Description section of the Cessna 182A Owner's Manual, it states that there are 1.5 gallons of unusable fuel per fuel tank (3 gallons) and that there are an additional 3.5 gallons of unusable fuel per fuel tank (10 gallons) when not in level flight.

Aircraft

Registration
N524BF
Reported as
Cessna 182 (A)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
34331
Built
1957
Engine
Cont Motor O-470 SERIES, 230 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Skydiving · Part 91
Operator
San Jose Skydiving Center
Registered owner
Thinking Cap Aviation LLC
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Departed
E16 · San Martin, CA
Destination
E16 · San Martin, CA
Airport
E16 · San Martin
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
30
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
February 14, 2017
Seat
Single
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
434 total · 78 in this make and model · 334 as pilot in command · 78 in the last 90 days · 38 in the last 30 days · 3 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
150° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
77 °F, dew point 59 °F
Altimeter
29.92 inHg
Observed at
KE16

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 15, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 7.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.