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NTSB accident investigation · WSK PZL Mielec M-18A · Dansville, NY · August 4, 2018

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
August 4, 2018, 14:00 local (18:00 UTC)
Place
Dansville, NY
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N851EJWSK PZL Mielec M-18A
Defining event
Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Low altitude operation/event
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report March 18, 2019
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20180804009869A
Case key
98135

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from crops during an agricultural application flight.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: altitudeAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedWSK PZL Mielec M-18A: 3 casesAll aircraft: 1,310 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotWSK PZL Mielec M-18A: 6 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
WindEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operationWSK PZL Mielec M-18A: 1 caseAll aircraft: 110 cases
Object/animal/substance: tree(s)Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomeWSK PZL Mielec M-18A: 1 caseAll aircraft: 933 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that he was performing an agricultural application flight to a corn field, which had a tree line running west to east on the north side of the field and another tree line running north to south on the east end of the field. He was making application passes from east to west and started at the south side of the field progressing northward toward the tree line with each pass. He added that he noticed that the wind speed increased to about 10 to 12 mph. During the second to last spray pass, while heading west, he came over the east end tree line and descended close to the corn. About 300 ft into the field, the airplane began to descend rapidly, and he pitched the airplane's nose up. He added that the descent continued and that the airplane began to lose airspeed. The landing gear struck the corn, and the airplane impacted terrain and came to rest inverted. The pilot added that he believed a combination of descending air that rolled over the north line of trees, wind shear, the low-altitude flying, and reduced margin of error for the proper application of pesticide caused the accident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the empennage. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. A weather station, located about 3 miles northeast of the accident site reported, about the time of the accident, temperature 85.3°F, dew point 68.3°F, and wind from 293° at 6 mph, gusting to 8 mph.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that he was performing an aerial application flight to a corn field which had a tree line running west to east on the north side of the field and another tree line running north to south on the east end of the field. He was making application passes from east to west and started at the south side of the field progressing northward toward the tree line with each pass. He added that he noticed that the wind speeds increased, to about 10 to 12 mph. During the second to last spray pass, while heading west, he came over the east end tree line and descended to 5 to 10 ft above the crop. About 300 ft into the field, the airplane began to descend rapidly, and he pitched the nose of the airplane up. He added that the descent rate continued, and the airplane began to lose airspeed. The landing gear struck the corn, the airplane impacted terrain and came to rest inverted. The pilot added that he believed a combination of descending air that rolled over the north line of trees, wind shear, and the low altitude flying, and reduced margin of error for the proper application of pesticide caused the accident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the empennage. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. A weather station, located about 3 miles to the northeast of the accident site, about the time of the accident, reported temperature 85.3°F, dew point 68.3°F, and wind from 293° at 6 mph, gusting to 8 mph.

Aircraft

Registration
N851EJ
Reported as
WSK PZL Mielec M-18A
Category
Airplane
Serial number
1Z017-24
Airframe hours
2,795.1
Engine
Wsk-Pzl ASZ-62IR-M18, 980 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Aerial application · Part 137
Operator
Jersey Devil Dusters LLC
Registered owner
Jersey Devil Dusters LLC
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Restricted (Special)
Last inspection
Annual · July 7, 2018
Departed
HTF · Hornell, NY
Destination
HTF · Hornell, NY
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
30
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
May 23, 2017
Seat
Front
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
1,396 total · 28.3 in this make and model · 1,339 as pilot in command · 101.9 in the last 90 days · 65.8 in the last 30 days · 7.3 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
240° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
84 °F, dew point 64 °F
Altimeter
30.10 inHg
Observed at
KDSV, 18 nm away

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 19, 2018, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 6.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.