GAA19CA153

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Princeton, NJ · February 23, 2019

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
February 23, 2019, 18:40 local (23:40 UTC)
Place
Princeton, NJ
Injuries
3 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N5338NCessna 172
Defining event
Landing: Wildlife encounter (non-bird)
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night
Status
Completed · report September 26, 2019
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20190223014949A
Case key
99032

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

A collision with deer on the runway while landing at night and the airport's lack of a complete perimeter fence.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Object/animal/substance: animal(s)/bird(s)Environmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operationCessna 172S: 16 casesAll aircraft: 358 casesProbable cause
Object/animal/substance: fence/fence postEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Use of related infoCessna 172S: 7 casesAll aircraft: 313 casesProbable cause
Object/animal/substance: animal(s)/bird(s)Environmental issues › Physical environment · Ability to respond/compensateCessna 172S: 16 casesAll aircraft: 358 casesProbable cause
Light condition: darkEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on personnelCessna 172S: 19 casesAll aircraft: 448 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that, while landing at night, the airplane struck two deer on the runway. He added that he did not see the deer on the runway during the approach and landing. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right horizontal stabilizer. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airport Facility Directory for the accident airport, stated, in part, "Deer and birds on and [in the vicinity of the airport]." The pilot stated that the airport's fencing was intermittent and that deer were frequently seen around the airport. The airport manager added that the airport's perimeter fence only covered the eastern and southern perimeter and that a deer strike occurred at least once every 2 years. However, according to the FAA Wildlife Strike Database the last reported wildlife strike at the accident airport occurred on April 10, 2012. The FAA's Part 139 CertAlert, No. 16-03, "Recommended Wildlife Exclusion Fencing," which provides airfield exclusion methods for deer and other large mammals, recommends constructing fencing "fully around the airfield without gaps."

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that, while landing at night, the airplane struck two deer on the runway. He added that he did not see the deer on the runway during the approach and landing. The airplane substantial damage to the right horizontal stabilizer. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airport Facility Directory, for the accident airport, in part stated: "Deer and birds on and [in the vicinity of the airport]." The pilot stated that the airport's fencing was intermittent, and that deer were frequently seen in and around the airport. Airport Manager added that the airport's perimeter fence only covered the eastern and southern perimeter and that a deer strike occurred at least once every two years. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Wildlife Strike Database, for the accident airport, the last reported wildlife strike occurred on April 10, 2012. The FAA maintains a comprehensive program to address wildlife hazard through a database and a reporting strike form. (For more information, see Form Approved OMB No. 2120-0045 in the public docket.) The FAA, under National Part 139 CertALert, No. 16-03, Recommended Wildlife Exclusion Fencing, provides airfield exclusion methods for deer and other large mammals. (For more information, see CertALert No. 16-03 in the public docket.)

Aircraft

Registration
N5338N
Reported as
Cessna 172 (S)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S9358
Built
2003
Airframe hours
8,772
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Raritan Valley Flying School
Registered owner
Raritan Valley Flying School
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · January 23, 2019
Departed
39N · Princeton, NJ
Destination
39N · Princeton, NJ
Airport
39N · Princeton, runway 10, 3,499 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Handheld GPS, Electronic flight bag or handheld device

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
30
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 23, 2017
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
296.1 total · 129.1 in this make and model · 249.6 as pilot in command · 18.5 in the last 90 days · 2.2 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night
Wind
90° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
5,500 ft overcast
Temperature
39 °F, dew point 30 °F
Altimeter
30.29 inHg
Observed at
KTTN, 10 nm away

Docket · 6

The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 25, 2019, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.2 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.