GAA19CA426

NTSB accident investigation · North American T28 · Hollister, CA · June 20, 2019

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 20, 2019, 12:00 local (19:00 UTC)
Place
Hollister, CA
Injuries
1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Initial climb
Aircraft
N28CUNorth American T28
Defining event
Initial climb: Loss of engine power (total)
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report April 13, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20190620007639A
Case key
99867

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's improper fuel planning, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the subsequent total loss of engine power.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Planning/preparation: fuel planningPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotNorth American T-28B: 1 caseAll aircraft: 719 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelNorth American T-28B: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Inadequate inspectionNorth American T-28B: 1 caseAll aircraft: 1,695 cases
Fuel system: fuel quantity indicatorAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect service/maintenanceNorth American T-28B: 1 caseAll aircraft: 35 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that, after takeoff and while the airplane was about 500 ft above ground level, he retracted the landing gear and that, shortly thereafter, the engine sputtered and lost power. He adjusted the fuel mixture, but it did not have any effect. He attempted to return to the airport, but after realizing that the airplane would not reach the runway, he decided to land in a dirt field near the airport with the landing gear retracted. He recalled that he had the airplane refueled about a week before the accident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The Federal Aviation Administration inspector who examined the airplane reported that he only removed about 1 or 2 cups of fuel out of the fuel system. The airplane was equipped with only one fuel gauge, which had a single switch that had left, right, and center positions. In the left position, it showed empty; in the center position, which showed the total fuel onboard, it showed 900 lbs; and in the right position, it also showed 900 lbs. No fuel leaks were found, and there were no signs of fuel on the ground. The pilot reported as a safety recommendation to "always top off fuel."

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that, after takeoff, about 500 ft above the ground he retracted the landing gear and shortly thereafter, the engine sputtered and lost power. He adjusted the fuel mixture, but it did not have any effect. He attempted to return to the airport but noticed he would not make the runway and decided to land in a dirt field near the airport with the landing gear retracted. He recalled having refueled the airplane about a week prior. The pilot further reported that as a safety recommendation to "Always top off fuel." The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. The Federal Aviation Administration inspector who examined the airplane reported that, upon sumping the center tank and both wing tanks, he was only able to obtain about a cup or two of fuel out of the system. He further checked the fuel gauge; there was only one gauge for the fuel with a single switch which has left, right, and center positions. In the left position, it showed empty, in the center position, which showed total fuel, it read 900 lbs. and on the right position, it also showed 900 lbs. He further added that the mechanic that assisted with the recovery, said there was no fuel leaks and there were no signs of fuel on the ground. He also stated that they did not remove any fuel from the aircraft.

Aircraft

Registration
N28CU
Reported as
North American T28 (B)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
200302
Built
1956
Airframe hours
15,673.9
Engine
Wright R-1820-86B, 1,425 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Condition · September 10, 2018
Departed
CVH · Hollister, CA
Destination
CVH · Hollister, CA
Flight plan
Unknown
Airport
CVH · Hollister Muni, runway 31, 6,350 × 100 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, Auto-pilot, Stall warning system, Satellite tracking device

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
78
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
July 14, 2018
Seat
Front
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
1,653 total · 1,000 in this make and model · 1,610 as pilot in command · 9 in the last 90 days · 7 in the last 30 days · 0.6 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
250° at 9 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Temperature
64 °F, dew point 57 °F
Altimeter
29.94 inHg
Observed at
KCVH, 1 nm away

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 3, 2019, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 667 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.