IAD01LA050

NTSB accident investigation · Piper J3-C65 · Clarksburg, WV · April 29, 2001

Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
April 29, 2001, 18:31 local (22:31 UTC)
Place
Clarksburg, WV
Injuries
1 serious, 1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N78521Piper J3-C65
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report May 13, 2003
Report
Approved by Office Director
Parties
FAA - Charleston FSDO
FAA report
20010429008089A
Case key
53329

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's failure to perform fuel consumption calculations and incorrect positioning of the fuel tank selector, which resulted in fuel starvation of the engine.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Loss of engine powerManeuvering
Fluid,fuel - starvationCause
Fuel tank selector position - incorrectPilot in commandCause
Forced landingDescent - emergency
In flight collision with terrain/waterEmergency descent/landing
Terrain condition - open field

Analysis

Prior to departure, the pilot performed a preflight inspection, and noted the airplane was full of fuel, about 12 gallons total. He then departed with the fuel selector set to the right tank, and flew for about 1 hour and 20 minutes. When he observed the right fuel gauge read 1/4 tank, he switched to the left fuel tank and continued the flight. About 1 hour later the pilot noticed the left fuel gauge read 1/4 tank, and he prepared for a landing. The pilot then aborted the landing and initiated a go-around. During the go-around, he turned to the right and the engine lost power. The pilot performed a forced landing to a field and the airplane was substantially damaged. Examination of the airplane revealed about 1 gallon of fuel in the left fuel tank, and about 6 gallons of fuel in the right fuel tank. Examination of the airplane and engine revealed no mechanical deficiencies.

Factual narrative

On April 29, 2001, about 1831 eastern daylight time, a Piper J3-C65, N78521, was substantially damaged during a forced landing to a field in Clarksburg, West Virginia. The certificated commercial pilot was seriously injured and the passenger was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed for the personal flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91.

According to the pilot, the flight originated at the Benedum Airport (CKB), Clarksburg, West Virginia. Before departure, the pilot performed a preflight inspection, set the fuel selector on the right fuel tank, and noted both fuel tanks were full of fuel, about 12 gallons total. He departed the airport and flew to a local farm where he performed several takeoffs and landings, giving rides to different passengers. The pilot stated that he flew for about 1 hour and 20 minutes on the right fuel tank until the right fuel tank gauge displayed 1/4 tank. He then switched to the left fuel tank, and started a timer to monitor his fuel consumption. The pilot conducted several more rides with passengers.

The pilot reported that he picked up the last passenger, noted the time on the timer as 51 minutes, and flew to another farm where he intended to land. About 10 minutes later, he arrived at the farm and observed that the left fuel tank gauge read 1/4 tank. He performed a low approach to observe the field, and then initiated a go-around. During the climb, the pilot initiated a right turn to set up for a landing at the field, and the "engine quit." He leveled the wings, and performed a forced landing in the field beneath him.

Examination of the airplane by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector revealed substantial damage to the underside of the fuselage, the engine cowling and the landing gear. Both fuel tanks were intact, the left fuel tank contained 1 gallon of fuel and the right fuel tank contained about 6 gallons of fuel. The fuel selector was observed in the "off" position, and the throttle was noted in the "closed" position. The fuel system lines were blown through and verified to be clear with the fuel selector in the left and right positions.

The engine was rotated by hand at the propeller flange and continuity was established through the valve train and powertrain to the accessory section. Compression on each cylinder was confirmed using the thumb method. Rotation of the propeller produced spark on all leads of both magnetos. All spark plugs were removed; their electrodes were intact and light gray in color.

The carburetor was found separated from the engine. Examination of the carburetor revealed no evidence of fuel, and the inlet screen was absent of debris. The mixture control arm was noted in the full rich position.

Examination of the airplane's logbooks revealed the last annual inspection was performed on October 25, 2000.

The pilot reported about 1,495 hours of total flight experience, of which 375 hours were in make and model.

Aircraft

Registration
N78521
Reported as
Piper J3-C65
Category
Airplane
Serial number
22919
Airframe hours
6,948
Engine
Continental O-200, 100 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Registered owner
Earl John Nicholson
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · October 25, 2000 · 30.58 hours before
Departed
NONE · New Milton, WV
Destination
CKB · Clarksburg, WV

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
51
Injuries
Serious
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Last flight review
April 30, 2000
Seat
Front
Flight hours
1,495 total · 375 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
20° at 5 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
68 °F, dew point 32 °F
Altimeter
30.36 inHg
Observed at
CKB, 10 nm away

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N78521 · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.