- Date
- April 4, 2002, 18:15 local (Apr 5, 2002, 01:15 UTC)
- Place
- Phoenix, AZ
- Injuries
- 2 uninjured
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Phase of flight
- Landing
- Aircraft
- N3512TCessna 172S
- Weather
- Visual (VMC) · Dusk
- Status
- Completed · report October 24, 2002
- Report
- Approved by Office Director
- Parties
- Federal Aviation Administration
- FAA report
- 20020405007489A
- Case key
- 54511
From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.
On this page
Probable cause
the pilot flaring the airplane too high above the runway causing a stall and resulting in the hard landing. Factors relating to the accident were the light conditions (dusk) and the pilot's lack of total experience in the type of airplane.
Sequence of events
NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.
Analysis
The pilot said that everything was fine through the traffic pattern to the flare for landing. The pilot said, "During flare, blinded momentarily by sunlight, difficulties to judge altitude above RWY (runway) correctly. Flared too high." The pilot said he kept the nose of the airplane up to protect the nosewheel. He said, "... speed bled off ... resulting in heavy bumps onto the RWY together with stall warning." The pilot said that after 3 or 4 bumps, the airplane stayed on the runway. The pilot then taxied to the ramp. The pilot concluded, "I simply landed the airplane too high due to the lighting conditions and my landing picture based on my experience landing an Airbus A340." The pilot also concluded in recommendations he provided that he get more landings "to get the right picture during (the) flare." A post-accident examination of the airplane revealed no anomalies.
Factual narrative
On April 4, 2002, approximately 1815 mountain standard time, a Cessna 172S, N3512T, piloted by a foreign-based airline transport pilot, was substantially damaged during a hard landing at the Phoenix Deer Valley Airport (DVT), Phoenix, Arizona. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The personal flight was being conducted on a visual flight rules flight plan under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The pilot and passenger on board the airplane reported no injuries. The cross-country flight originated at Grand Canyon, Arizona, at 1705.
The pilot said that everything was fine through the traffic pattern to the flare for landing. The pilot said, "During flare, blinded momentarily by sunlight, difficulties to judge altitude above RWY (runway) correctly. Flared too high." The pilot said he kept the nose of the airplane up to protect the nosewheel. He said, "... speed bled off ... resulting in heavy bumps onto the RWY together with stall warning." The pilot said that after 3 or 4 bumps, the airplane stayed on the runway. The pilot then taxied to the ramp. The pilot concluded, "I simply landed the airplane too high due to the lighting conditions and my landing picture based on my experience landing an Airbus A340." The pilot also concluded in recommendations he provided that he get more landings "to get the right picture during (the) flare."
A post-accident inspection of the airplane showed the airplane's nose gear pushed aft into the firewall. The lower part of the firewall was bent inward and aft. Flight control continuity was confirmed. An examination of the airplane's engine, engine controls, and other systems revealed no anomalies.
Aircraft
- Registration
- N3512T
- Reported as
- Cessna 172S
- Category
- Airplane
- Serial number
- 172S8883
- Engine
- Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Flight
- Personal · Part 91
- Registered owner
- Westwind Aviation
- Airworthiness certificate
- Standard, Normal
- Departed
- GCN · Grand Canyon, AZ
- Destination
- DVT · Phoenix, AZ
- Flight plan
- VFR
- Airport
- DVT · Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, runway 25L, 8,208 × 100 ft, concrete
Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.
Flight crew
As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.
- Role
- Pilot
- Age
- 35
- Injuries
- None
- Certificates
- Airline transport, Private, Foreign
- Airplane ratings
- Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
- Instrument ratings
- Airplane
- Medical
- Class 2
- Last flight review
- March 22, 2002
- Seat
- Left
- Flight hours
- 7,087 total · 10 in this make and model · 12 as pilot in command · 225 in the last 90 days · 79 in the last 30 days · 17 in the last 24 hours
Weather
- Conditions
- Visual (VMC) · Dusk
- Wind
- 270° at 8 knots
- Visibility
- 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling
- None
- Temperature
- 90 °F, dew point 27 °F
- Altimeter
- 29.87 inHg
- Observed at
- PHX, 15 nm away
Docket · 4
The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 11, 2002, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 501 KB in all.
FAA reports on this event · 1
The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.