LAX02LA133

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172S · Phoenix, AZ · April 5, 2002

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
April 4, 2002, 18:15 local (Apr 5, 2002, 01:15 UTC)
Place
Phoenix, AZ
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N3512TCessna 172S
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Dusk
Status
Completed · report October 24, 2002
Report
Approved by Office Director
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
FAA report
20020405007489A
Case key
54511

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

the pilot flaring the airplane too high above the runway causing a stall and resulting in the hard landing. Factors relating to the accident were the light conditions (dusk) and the pilot's lack of total experience in the type of airplane.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Hard landingLanding
Flare - highPilot in commandCause
Stall/mush - encounteredPilot in commandCause
Lack of total experience in type of aircraftPilot in commandFactor
Light condition - duskFactor

Analysis

The pilot said that everything was fine through the traffic pattern to the flare for landing. The pilot said, "During flare, blinded momentarily by sunlight, difficulties to judge altitude above RWY (runway) correctly. Flared too high." The pilot said he kept the nose of the airplane up to protect the nosewheel. He said, "... speed bled off ... resulting in heavy bumps onto the RWY together with stall warning." The pilot said that after 3 or 4 bumps, the airplane stayed on the runway. The pilot then taxied to the ramp. The pilot concluded, "I simply landed the airplane too high due to the lighting conditions and my landing picture based on my experience landing an Airbus A340." The pilot also concluded in recommendations he provided that he get more landings "to get the right picture during (the) flare." A post-accident examination of the airplane revealed no anomalies.

Factual narrative

On April 4, 2002, approximately 1815 mountain standard time, a Cessna 172S, N3512T, piloted by a foreign-based airline transport pilot, was substantially damaged during a hard landing at the Phoenix Deer Valley Airport (DVT), Phoenix, Arizona. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The personal flight was being conducted on a visual flight rules flight plan under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The pilot and passenger on board the airplane reported no injuries. The cross-country flight originated at Grand Canyon, Arizona, at 1705.

The pilot said that everything was fine through the traffic pattern to the flare for landing. The pilot said, "During flare, blinded momentarily by sunlight, difficulties to judge altitude above RWY (runway) correctly. Flared too high." The pilot said he kept the nose of the airplane up to protect the nosewheel. He said, "... speed bled off ... resulting in heavy bumps onto the RWY together with stall warning." The pilot said that after 3 or 4 bumps, the airplane stayed on the runway. The pilot then taxied to the ramp. The pilot concluded, "I simply landed the airplane too high due to the lighting conditions and my landing picture based on my experience landing an Airbus A340." The pilot also concluded in recommendations he provided that he get more landings "to get the right picture during (the) flare."

A post-accident inspection of the airplane showed the airplane's nose gear pushed aft into the firewall. The lower part of the firewall was bent inward and aft. Flight control continuity was confirmed. An examination of the airplane's engine, engine controls, and other systems revealed no anomalies.

Aircraft

Registration
N3512T
Reported as
Cessna 172S
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S8883
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Registered owner
Westwind Aviation
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Departed
GCN · Grand Canyon, AZ
Destination
DVT · Phoenix, AZ
Flight plan
VFR
Airport
DVT · Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, runway 25L, 8,208 × 100 ft, concrete

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
35
Injuries
None
Certificates
Airline transport, Private, Foreign
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2
Last flight review
March 22, 2002
Seat
Left
Flight hours
7,087 total · 10 in this make and model · 12 as pilot in command · 225 in the last 90 days · 79 in the last 30 days · 17 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Dusk
Wind
270° at 8 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
90 °F, dew point 27 °F
Altimeter
29.87 inHg
Observed at
PHX, 15 nm away

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 11, 2002, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 501 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.