LAX02LA296

NTSB accident investigation · Whetzel Thorpe T-18 · Valley Center, CA · September 25, 2002

Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
September 25, 2002, 13:00 local (20:00 UTC)
Place
Valley Center, CA
Injuries
1 minor
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N60LWWhetzel Thorpe T-18
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report January 31, 2006
Report
Approved by Office Director
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
FAA report
20020925025039A
Case key
55779

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation by not verifying the fuel supply, and his inadequate in-flight planning/decision, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and loss of engine power. A factor in the accident was the pilot's decision to initiate flight with a known equipment deficiency (inoperative fuel quantity gauge).

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanicalCruise
Engine instruments,fuel quantity gage - inoperativeFactor
Operation with known deficiencies in equipment - initiatedPilot in commandFactor
Fluid,fuel - exhaustionCause
Preflight planning/preparation - inadequatePilot in commandCause
In-flight planning/decision - inadequatePilot in commandCause
Fuel supply - not verifiedPilot in commandCause
Forced landingEmergency descent/landing
On ground/water encounter with terrain/waterEmergency landing
Terrain condition - dirt bank/rising embankment

Analysis

The pilot reported that the engine experienced a loss of power while en route, and the airplane collided with a dirt berm while he attempted a forced landing at a private airstrip. With the flaps in the retracted position, he attempted to land on the dirt runway. While on the landing roll, he was unable to stop the airplane before colliding with a hill at the end of the runway. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector examined the airplane about an hour after the accident occurred. He did not see any skid marks to indicate emergency braking action. He also saw no signs of fuel at the accident site. He visually checked the inside of the fuel tanks and found that both were empty. Neither of the fuel tanks were breached during the accident. He also noted that the airplane's fuel gauges were inoperable. The pilot told him that the fuel indictors do not work, but he visually checked the quantity before flights. He added that he uses automobile fuel, which has no color, and therefore, is difficult to verify quantity.

Factual narrative

On, September 25, 2002, about 1300 Pacific daylight time, an experimental Whetzel Thorpe T-18, N60LW, collided with terrain while making a forced landing at a private airstrip near Valley Center, California. The forced landing was precipitated by a loss of engine power in cruise. The pilot/owner was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. The private pilot, the sole occupant, received minor injuries; the airplane sustained substantial damage. The local personal flight departed Ramona Airport, Ramona, California, about 1240. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and it was not determined if a flight plan had been filed. The wreckage was at 33 degrees 15.5 minutes north latitude by 117 degrees 05 minutes west longitude.

A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector examined the airplane about an hour after the accident occurred. He stated that he talked to the pilot about the accident. The pilot reported that the engine experienced a loss of power while en route. He made a forced landing at the nearest airstrip. With the flaps in the retracted position, he attempted to land on the dirt runway. While on the landing roll, he was unable to stop the airplane before colliding with a hill at the end of the runway.

The FAA inspector did not see any skid marks to indicate emergency braking action. He also stated that he saw no signs of fuel at the accident sight. He visually checked the inside of the fuel tanks and found that both were empty. Neither of the fuel tanks were breached during the accident. He also noted that the airplane's fuel gauges were inoperable. The pilot told him that the airplane's fuel indictors do not work, but he visually checked the quantity before flights. He added that he uses automobile fuel, which has no color, and is therefore difficult to verify quantity.

The pilot voluntarily surrendered his pilot certificate on 12/03/02 to the FAA. The pilot failed to file or return a Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1/2.

Aircraft

Registration
N60LW
Reported as
Whetzel Thorpe T-18
Category
Airplane, amateur-built
Serial number
1109
Engine
Lycoming O-320, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Registered owner
Lawrence Whetzel
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Departed
RNM · Ramona Airport, CA
Destination
2CA4 · Valley Center, CA
Flight plan
Unknown
Airport
2CA4 · Blackinton Airport, runway 17, 2,200 × 100 ft, dirt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
71
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, Valid Medical--w/ waivers/lim
Seat
Left

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
300° at 9 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
91 °F, dew point 54 °F
Altimeter
29.81 inHg
Observed at
KRNM, 16 nm away

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N60LW · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.