LAX94LA113

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 175 · Oakdale, CA · February 5, 1994

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
February 5, 1994, 11:30 local (19:30 UTC)
Place
Oakdale, CA
Injuries
3 uninjured
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N7597MCessna 175N6171JPiper PA-28-235
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report November 14, 1994
Report
Approved by Office Director
Case key
28653

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate visual lookout, and his failure to adequately communicate his postion and intentions on the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency. A factor in the accident was the pilot's misidentification of the Cessna aircraft he was to follow in the pattern.

the pilot of the other aircraft's failure to maintain an adequate visual lookout, and his failure to adequately communicate his postion and intentions on the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency. A factor in the accident was the pilot of the other aircraft's misidentification of the Cessna aircraft he was to follow in the pattern.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Midair collisionLanding - flare/touchdown
Visual lookout - inadequatePilot of other aircraftCause
Communications - inadequatePilot of other aircraftCause
Identification of aircraft visually - misjudgedPilot of other aircraftFactor
Midair collisionLanding - flare/touchdown
Visual lookout - inadequatePilot in command(cfi)Cause
Communications - inadequatePilot in command(cfi)Cause
Identification of aircraft visually - misjudgedPilot in command(cfi)Factor

Analysis

Both aircraft were landing on runway 10 when they collided on the approach end of the runway. The pilot of the Cessna (N7597M) said he called on the CTAF on downwind, base, and final. He said the Piper called 3,000 feet over the airport for a practice engine out landing, but then he heard no further transmissions. The CFI on the Piper (N6171J) said they were going to do a simulated engine out emergency landing from 3,000 feet. He said he called his position and intentions on the CTAF, heard a Cessna in the traffic pattern, and looked for that aircraft. He saw a Cessna on final and planned to follow it. The CFI said the Cessna was turning off the runway as they were flaring when the collision occurred. The FBO UNICOM operator heard both aircraft. The Cessna pilot called on downwind, base, and final. The Piper pilot called once, when the aircraft was 3,000 feet over the airport. The Piper sturck the Cessna from above and behind.

Both aircraft were landing on runway 10 when they collided on the approach end of the runway. The pilot of the Cessna (N7597M) said he called on the CTAF on downwind, base, and final. He said the Piper called 3,000 feet over the airport for a practice engine out landing, but then he heard no further transmissions. The CFI on the Piper (N6171J) said they were going to do a simulated engine out emergency landing from 3,000 feet. He said he called his position and intentions on the CTAF, heard a Cessna in the traffic pattern, and looked for that aircraft. He saw a Cessna on final and planned to follow it. The CFI said the Cessna was turning off the runway as they were flaring when the collision occurred. The FBO UNICOM operator heard both aircraft. The Cessna pilot called on downwind, base, and final. The Piper pilot called once, when the aircraft was 3,000 feet over the airport. The Piper sturck the Cessna from above and behind.

Factual narrative

On February 5, 1994, at 1130 hours Pacific standard time, a Cessna 175, N7597M, and a Piper PA28-235, N6171J, collided on the runway while landing at the Oakdale, California, airport. Both aircraft were in the traffic pattern and landing on runway 10 when they collided near the approach end of the runway. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and included a visibility of 5 miles in haze. Both aircraft incurred substantial damage.

The Cessna 175 was on a local area personal flight which had originated from the Oakdale airport about 1100 hours. The certificated private pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured.

The Piper PA28-235 was on a local area dual instructional flight which had originated from the Oakdale airport about 1030 hours. The certificated commercial pilot flight instructor and the dual primary student were not injured.

The pilot of the Cessna 175 stated that he departed the airport on a local proficiency flight and then returned to the traffic pattern to practice takeoffs and landings. According to the pilot, he announced on the CTAF frequency of 122.8 his intentions and made broadcasts on downwind, base, and final approach. He stated that he heard the Piper call from over the airport at 3,000 feet AGL for a practice engine out approach and landing.

The pilot noted that he did not hear any further transmissions from the Piper. The pilot reported that he was just touching down on the approach end of the runway when he felt a jolt to his aircraft, then saw the Piper come down directly in front of his aircraft. Both aircraft then skidded to a stop on the runway.

The instructor on the Piper PA28-235 stated in a telephone interview that his student was being prepared for his private pilot check ride. After takeoff, they departed the traffic pattern, performed some airwork, then arrived over the airport at about 3,000 feet AGL. The instructor said that he wanted the student to demonstrate a simulated engine out emergency approach and landing. He reported that he announced his position and intentions on the CTAF frequency of 122.8, then began the procedure. He stated that he recalled hearing a Cessna report in the traffic pattern and began looking for the aircraft.

The instructor said that by the time the student had arrived at the key position, he spotted a Cessna on final approach and they planned to follow that aircraft. The instructor noted that the Cessna he was following was just starting to turn off the runway as they began to flare for landing. According to the instructor, he felt a "normal landing touchdown" on the runway, then the aircraft was skidding sideways through a ball of fire and came to a stop entangled with a Cessna aircraft.

The UNICOM radio operator at the airport's fixed base operator stated that he heard both aircraft. The Cessna pilot transmitted his position and intentions while on downwind, base, and final approach. The Piper pilot transmitted his position and intentions only once when the aircraft was 3,000 feet over the airport.

Airport personnel reported that they examined both aircraft. The damage to the Cessna 175 consisted of black rubber and blue paint transfers to the vertical stabilizer, rudder, top of the fuselage, and the upper surface of the wings. The left wing sustained slashes in the area of the fuel cell. The damage to the Piper was confined to the nose gear, lower engine cowling, and the bottom of the wings. The Piper paint scheme included blue paint trim on the wheel fairings.

On February 5, 1994, at 1130 hours Pacific standard time, a Cessna 175, N7597M, and a Piper PA28-235, N6171J, collided on the runway while landing at the Oakdale, California, airport. Both aircraft were in the traffic pattern and landing on runway 10 when they collided near the approach end of the runway. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and included a visibility of 5 miles in haze. Both aircraft incurred substantial damage.

The Cessna 175 was on a local area personal flight which had originated from the Oakdale airport about 1100 hours. The certificated private pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured.

The Piper PA28-235 was on a local area dual instructional flight which had originated from the Oakdale airport about 1030 hours. The certificated commercial pilot flight instructor and the dual primary student were not injured.

The pilot of the Cessna 175 stated that he departed the airport on a local proficiency flight, and then returned to the traffic pattern to practice takeoffs and landings. According to the pilot, he announced on the CTAF frequency of 122.8 his intentions and made broadcasts on downwind, base, and final approach. He stated that he heard the Piper call from over the airport at 3,000 feet AGL for a practice engine out approach and landing.

The pilot noted that he did not hear any further transmissions from the Piper. The pilot reported that he was just touching down on the approach end of the runway when he felt a jolt to his aircraft, then saw the Piper come down directly in front of his aircraft. Both aircraft then skidded to a stop on the runway.

The instructor on the Piper PA28-235 stated in a telephone interview that his student was being prepared for his private pilot check ride. After takeoff, they departed the traffic pattern, performed some airwork, then arrived over the airport at about 3,000 feet AGL. The instructor said that he wanted the student to demonstrate a simulated engine out emergency approach and landing. He reported that he announced his position and intentions on the CTAF frequency of 122.8, then began the procedure. He stated that he recalled hearing a Cessna report in the traffic pattern and began looking for the aircraft.

The instructor said that by the time the student had arrived at the key position, he spotted a Cessna on final approach and they planned to follow that aircraft. The instructor noted that the Cessna he was following was just starting to turn off the runway as they began to flare for landing. According to the instructor, he felt a "normal landing touchdown" on the runway, then the aircraft was skidding sideways through a ball of fire and came to a stop entangled with a Cessna aircraft.

The UNICOM radio operator at the airport's fixed base operator stated that he heard both aircraft. The Cessna pilot transmitted his position and intentions while on downwind, base, and final approach. The Piper pilot transmitted his position and intentions only once when the aircraft was 3,000 feet over the airport.

Airport personnel reported that they examined both aircraft. The damage to the Cessna 175 consisted of black rubber and blue paint transfers to the vertical stabilizer, rudder, top of the fuselage, and the upper surface of the wings. The left wing sustained slashes in the area of the fuel cell. The damage to the Piper was confined to the nose gear, lower engine cowling, and the bottom of the wings. The Piper paint scheme included blue paint trim on the wheel fairings.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N7597M
Reported as
Cessna 175
Category
Airplane
Serial number
55897
Airframe hours
2,993
Engine
Continental GO-300A, 175 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Fire
On-Ground
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Jerry Hansen
Registered owner
Jerry Hansen
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal; Special, Provisional (Special)
Last inspection
Annual · June 5, 1993 · 57 hours before
Departed
O27
Airport
O27 · Oakdale, runway 10, 3,020 × 66 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N6171J
Reported as
Piper PA-28-235
Category
Airplane
Serial number
28-7610136
Airframe hours
2,130
Engine
Lycoming O-540-B4B5, 235 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Fire
On-Ground
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Larry Fowler, doing business as Fowler'S Machine Works, Inc.
Registered owner
Fowler'S Machine Works, Inc.
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal; Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Annual · July 20, 1993 · 54 hours before
Departed
O27
Airport
O27 · Oakdale, runway 10, 3,020 × 66 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N7597M
Age
64
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, Valid Medical--w/ waivers/lim
Seat
Left
Flight hours
572 total · 250 in this make and model
Role
Pilot, aircraft N6171J
Age
47
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Valid Medical--w/ waivers/lim
Seat
Right
Flight hours
1,612 total · 100 in this make and model · 1,493 as pilot in command

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
10° at 5 knots
Visibility
5 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
55 °F

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.