LAX94LA122

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 402C · Grand Canyon, AZ · February 12, 1994

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
February 12, 1994, 10:20 local (17:20 UTC)
Place
Grand Canyon, AZ
Injuries
3 uninjured
Phase of flight
Taxi
Aircraft
N812ANCessna 402CN26514Cessna 402C
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report December 19, 1994
Report
Approved by Office Director
Case key
28662

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The failure of the other aircraft's left brake system due to a worn master cylinder, and the failure of the other pilot to taxi at a speed and spacing interval which would allow for successful remedial action.

The failure of the left brake system due to a worn master cylinder, and the failure of the pilot to taxi at a speed and spacing interval which would allow for successful remedial action.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Collision between aircraft (other than midair)Taxi - to takeoff
Object - aircraft parked/standing
Landing gear,normal brake system - wornCause
Landing gear,normal brake system - failure,partial
Taxispeed - excessivePilot in commandCause
Remedial action - inadequatePilot in commandCause
Collision between aircraft (other than midair)Standing - engine(s) operating
Taxispeed - excessivePilot of other aircraftCause
Remedial action - inadequatePilot of other aircraftCause

Analysis

Two Cessna 402C'S collided while taxiing for departure. The flight crew of N26514 reported they taxied to the end of the runway, stopped at the hold short line, then 1 minute later they felt a large jolt from behind. The pilot of N812AN stated that as she approached the rear of the air vegas aircraft the brakes were applied with no effect on the speed of the aircraft. The company pilot who flew N812AN in revenue line operations on February 11 reported that he experienced a fading of the left brake pedal during landing. The pilot said that after reapplication of the brake pedal, the problem did not repeat itself. The brake system of N812AN was examined by an FAA a & p mechanic on the day of the accident. In his written report, the mechanic stated that the left brake master cylinder was faulty. He said under hard braking the left brake operated normally; however, under less forceful brake application the pedal would gradually sink to the bottom of its travel preventing the pressurization of the left brake system.

Two Cessna 402C'S collided while taxiing for departure. The flight crew of N26514 reported they taxied to the end of the runway, stopped at the hold short line, then 1 minute later they felt a large jolt from behind. The pilot of N812AN stated that as she approached the rear of the air vegas aircraft the brakes were applied with no effect on the speed of the aircraft. The company pilot who flew N812AN in revenue line operations on February 11 reported that he experienced a fading of the left brake pedal during landing. The pilot said that after reapplication of the brake pedal, the problem did not repeat itself. The brake system of N812AN was examined by an FAA a & p mechanic on the day of the accident. In his written report, the mechanic stated that the left brake master cylinder was faulty. He said under hard braking the left brake operated normally; however, under less forceful brake application the pedal would gradually sink to the bottom of its travel preventing the pressurization of the left brake system.

Factual narrative

On February 12, 1994, at 1020 mountain standard time, a Cessna 402C, N812AN, collided with another Cessna 402C, N26514, while taxiing for departure at the Grand Canyon National Park airport, Grand Canyon, Arizona. N812AN was operated by Air Nevada Airlines, Inc., of Las Vegas, Nevada, and was on a positioning flight under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations. N26514 was operated by Air Vegas, Inc., also of Las Vegas, and was on a 14 CFR 91 positioning flight. Both aircraft sustained substantial damage. The occupants of both aircraft consisted of their respective flight crews, and no injuries were sustained. N812AN, operating as Air Nevada flight 12, was originating as a company positioning flight to McCarran International airport, Las Vegas, Nevada. N26514, operating as Air Vegas flight 14, was originating as a company positioning flight to Henderson airport, Las Vegas, Nevada.

According to air to ground communications tapes at the Grand Canyon Air Traffic Control Tower, Air Vegas 14 reported ready for taxi to takeoff at 1016:30. The flight was given a taxi clearance at 1016:39 to runway 3. Air Nevada 12 reported ready for taxi to takeoff at 1017:10, and was subsequently cleared to taxi to runway 3. Both aircraft reported the collision to the ground controller about 1021:30.

In a telephone interview, the flight crew of N26514 reported that they taxied to the end of the runway and stopped at the hold short line. Both pilots stated that about 1 minute later they felt a large jolt from behind and their aircraft was moved forward about 20 feet.

The pilot of N812AN stated that as she approached the rear of the Air Vegas aircraft the brakes were applied to stop the aircraft. The pilot reported that brake pedal application had no effect on the speed of the aircraft, and just before contacting the other aircraft, both mixtures were pulled to idle cutoff. The pilot was unsuccessful in stopping the aircraft prior to colliding with the tail of N26514.

Air Vegas personnel reported that the damage sustained by N26514 consisted of propeller slashes to the horizontal and vertical stabilizers, elevator, and rear fuselage. The entire fuselage was also reported to have been deformed.

Air Nevada personnel reported that N812AN sustained damage to the propeller blades, cowlings, windshields, and aircraft nose. The maintenance department examined the brake system and reported finding no irregularities in the system operation.

The company pilot who flew N812AN in revenue line operations on February 11 reported that he experienced a fading of the left brake pedal during landing. The pilot said that after reapplication of the brake pedal, the problem did not repeat itself.

The brake system of N812AN was examined by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) A & P mechanic on the day of the accident. In his written report, the mechanic stated that the left brake master cylinder was faulty and noted: "Under hard braking forces applied by the pilot, the left brake operated normally hold pressure continuously. However, under less forceful brake application, such as that incurred during taxi, the pedal would gradually sink to the bottom of its travel preventing the pressurization of the left brake system."

On February 12, 1994, at 1020 mountain standard time, a Cessna 402C, N812AN, collided with another Cessna 402C, N26514, while taxiing for departure at the Grand Canyon National Park airport, Grand Canyon, Arizona. N812AN was operated by Air Nevada Airlines, Inc., of Las Vegas, Nevada, and was on a positioning flight under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations. N26514 was operated by Air Vegas, Inc., also of Las Vegas, and was on a 14 CFR 91 positioning flight. Both aircraft sustained substantial damage. The occupants of both aircraft consisted of their respective flight crews, and no injuries were sustained. N812AN, operating as Air Nevada flight 12, was originating as a company positioning flight to McCarran International airport, Las Vegas, Nevada. N26514, operating as Air Vegas flight 14, was originating as a company positioning flight to Henderson airport, Las Vegas, Nevada.

According to air to ground communications tapes at the Grand Canyon Air Traffic Control Tower, Air Vegas 14 reported ready for taxi to takeoff at 1016:30. The flight was given a taxi clearance at 1016:39 to runway 3. Air Nevada 12 reported ready for taxi to takeoff at 1017:10, and was subsequently cleared to taxi to runway 3. Both aircraft reported the collision to the ground controller about 1021:30.

In a telephone interview, the flight crew of N26514 reported that they taxied to the end of the runway and stopped at the hold short line. Both pilots stated that about 1 minute later they felt a large jolt from behind and their aircraft was moved forward about 20 feet.

The pilot of N812AN stated that as she approached the rear of the Air Vegas aircraft the brakes were applied to stop the aircraft. The pilot reported that brake pedal application had no effect on the speed of the aircraft, and just before contacting the other ircraft, both mixtures were pulled to idle cutoff. The pilot was unsuccessful in stopping the aircraft prior to colliding with the tail of N26514.

Air Vegas personnel reported that the damage sustained by N26514 consisted of propeller slashes to the horizontal and vertical stabilizers, elevator, and rear fuselage. The entire fuselage was also reported to have been deformed.

Air Nevada personnel reported that N812AN sustained damage to the propeller blades, cowlings, windshields, and aircraft nose. The maintenance department examined the brake system and reported finding no irregularities in the system operation.

The company pilot who flew N812AN in revenue line operations on February 11 reported that he experienced a fading of the left brake pedal during landing. The pilot said that after reapplication of the brake pedal, the problem did not repeat itself.

The brake system of N812AN was examined by a Federal Aviation Administration A & P mechanic on the day of the accident. In his written report, the mechanic stated that the left brake master cylinder was faulty and noted: "Under hard braking forces applied by the pilot, the left brake operated normally hold pressure continuously. However, under less forceful brake application, such as that incurred during taxi, the pedal would gradually sink to the bottom of its travel preventing the pressurization of the left brake system."

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N812AN
Reported as
Cessna 402C
Category
Airplane
Serial number
402C0229
Airframe hours
8,899
Engine
Continental TSIO-520-VB, 325 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Positioning · Part 91
Operator
Air Nevada Airlines, Inc.
Registered owner
Abbeymere, Inc.
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
AAIP · January 27, 1994 · 30 hours before
Departed
GCN
Destination
LAS · Las Vegas, NV
Flight plan
Company VFR
Airport
GCN · Grand Canyon

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N26514
Reported as
Cessna 402C
Category
Airplane
Serial number
402C0344
Airframe hours
6,781
Engine
Continental TSIO-520-VB, 325 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Positioning · Part 91
Operator
Avi, Inc., doing business as Air Vegas, Inc.
Registered owner
Dale A. Claxon
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
AAIP · February 5, 1994 · 12 hours before
Departed
GCN
Destination
L15 · Las Vegas, NV
Flight plan
Company VFR
Airport
GCN · Grand Canyon

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N812AN
Age
26
Certificates
Flight instructor, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Left
Flight hours
1,700 total · 20 in this make and model
Role
Pilot, aircraft N26514
Age
34
Certificates
Airline transport, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Left
Flight hours
3,900 total · 460 in this make and model · 3,660 as pilot in command · 30 in the last 90 days · 5 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
30° at 10 knots
Visibility
50 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
27 °F, dew point 3 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
GCN

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.