LAX94LA194

NTSB accident investigation · Pitts S-2A · Kahuku, HI · April 17, 1994

Accident · FatalLimited investigationFinal report
Date
April 17, 1994, 12:46 local (22:46 UTC)
Place
Kahuku, HI
Injuries
1 fatal
Damage
Destroyed
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N54TAPitts S-2A
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report April 5, 1995
Report
Approved by Office Director
FAA report
19940417007859A
Case key
28722

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The failure of the pilot to maintain aircraft control due to spatial disorientation while performing an acrobatic routine. A factor in the accident was the low altitude at which the pilot was performing the acrobatic maneuvers.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Loss of control - in flightManeuvering
Aerobatics - intentionalPilot in command
Aircraft control - not maintainedPilot in commandCause
Spatial disorientationPilot in commandCause
Altitude - inadequatePilot in commandFactor
In flight collision with terrain/waterDescent - uncontrolled
Terrain condition - water

Analysis

A pitts S-2A collided with the surface of the ocean during an acrobatic display. The pilot was performing a weekly air show for guests of a waterfront hotel. The airplane was doing slow rolls along the shoreline at an altitude of 200 to 300 feet. After completing two rolls, the airplane slowly rolled inverted and descended into the water in an arcing flight path. The airplane's engine was heard to accelerate seconds before hitting the water. There were no reports of mechanical failure or malfunctions by witnesses. The president of the company that employed the pilot indicated that in the past he had talked to the pilot about the acrobatic maneuvers in the show. According to the president, the pilot had stated on several occasions that, 'you should never do more than 2 rolls at a time because you would become too easily disoriented.'

Factual narrative

On April 17, 1994, at 1246 hours Hawaiian standard time, a Pitts S-2A, N54TA, collided with the surface of the Pacific Ocean near Kahuku, Hawaii, during an acrobatic display. The airplane was being operated by Tsunami Aviation Hawaii, Inc., Kailua, Hawaii. The airplane was destroyed by impact forces. The certificated commercial pilot was fatally injured. The flight originated from Dillingham Field, Mokuleia, Hawaii, about 1230 hours. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed.

The pilot was performing a weekly air show for guests of the Turtle Bay Hilton Hotel. According to witnesses, the airplane was doing slow rolls along the shoreline. After completing two rolls at an altitude of 200 to 300 feet, the airplane slowly rolled inverted and descended into the water in an arcing flight path. The witnesses heard the airplane's engine accelerate, followed by the airplane hitting the water.

One witness, a surfer, had an unobstructed view of the accident. From his vantage point on the water, the surfer indicated the airplane came straight down from about 200 feet. He did not think there was a mechanical problem with the plane.

The president of Tsunami Aviation Hawaii, Inc., indicated that the pilot was experienced in performing the show, having completing about 45 shows in the past year. The president indicated that in the past he had talked to the pilot about the acrobatic maneuvers in the show. According to the president, the pilot had stated on several occasions that, "you should never do more than 2 rolls at a time because you would become too easily disoriented."

Aircraft

Registration
N54TA
Reported as
Pitts S-2A
Category
Airplane
Serial number
5271
Airframe hours
312
Engine
Lycoming AEIO-540, 260 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Destroyed
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Tsunami Aviation Hawaii, Inc
Registered owner
Tsunami Aviation Hawaii, Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Aerobatic
Last inspection
100 hour · February 2, 1994 · 60 hours before
Departed
HDH · Mokuleia, HI
Destination
HDH · HI

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
43
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Rear
Toxicology
Performed
Flight hours
5,000 total · 2,000 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
45° at 15 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.