MIA03FA124

N4903F, a Cessna 172N, and N759XA, a Cessna 182Q, collided while in cruise flight, during daylight visual meteorological conditions, in class E airspace, over the Atlantic ocean, about 300 yards east of the Deerfield Beach pier, Deerfield Beach, Florida. The airplane wreckages descended, impacted the ocean, and came to rest in about 38 feet of water. Both airplanes were destroyed, and all occupants received fatal injuries. The Cessna 172 had departed Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport about 1835, and had proceeded north. He had contacted PBI TRACON for authorization and radar advisory service, and was assigned a transponder code of 0205. At 1942:07, when preparing to exit PBI's airspace, the PBI controller instructed the pilot of Cessna 172 to remain on the same transponder code, and told him that radar service was terminated, and to contact Boca tower, "one one eight point four two for transition." The pilot of the Cessna 172 read back the frequency, and acknowledged. At this time radar indicated the Cessna 172 was about 10 miles south of PBI, and about 8 miles north-northeast of BCT. At 1943:30 radar indicated that the Cessna 172's transponder code changed from 0205 to 1200. At 1944:25, the pilot of Cessna 172 contacted Boca Raton tower (BCT) and said, "Skyhawk four niner zero three foxtrot, about seven miles north over the shoreline, would like to, to Lauderdale Executive, would like to transition your airspace please." The controller said, "zero three fox I believe that is, transition southbound approved, the altimeter two nine nine six, report east." The pilot of the Cessna 172 read back the altimeter setting. At 1942, the pilot of the Cessna 182 had left the Bahamas , and he had landed and cleared customs in Fort Lauderdale, and was at the time of the accident continuing on to his final destination, Boca Raton, Florida. At 1946:25, the pilot of Cessna 182 contacted Pompano Beach tower (PMP) and advised that he was "northbound, VFR along the beach landing Boca Raton." The PMP controller acknowledged and advised the pilot to "report passing east of the field." At 1948:46, the pilot of N47DM, an uninvolved airplane, called BCT tower, and requested to taxi to the active runway. The controller acknowledged and the pilot said he would like to pick up his IFR clearance. During this radio communications exchange, radar indicated the Cessna 172 passed east of BCT, and there was no record of the pilot of the Cessna 172 having reported his position, east. At 1949:05, the pilot of the Cessna 182 transmitted to the Pompano (PMP) tower controller, "reporting east of the field." Radar indicted the Cessna 182 was about 2 miles east of PMP about that time. The PMP tower controller responded and instructed the pilot to contact Boca Raton (BCT) tower, and the pilot acknowledged. At 1949:11, the BCT controller read the IFR clearance to the pilot of N47DM, an uninvolved pilot, and the pilot read back the clearance. While the pilot of N47DM was reading back the IFR clearance on the ground control frequency, the pilot of the Cessna 182 was transmitting on the local control frequency saying, "seven five niner x-ray alpha good evening." At 1949:34, on the ground control frequency, the BCT controller said, "that is correct", and less than three seconds later, on the local control frequency, he said, "roger, no reported traffic south, frequency change approved, good night." At this time, radar indicated the Cessna 172 was 3 miles south southeast of BCT at 1,000 feet, and the Cessna 182 was 2 miles northeast of PMP at 1,000 feet. The airplanes were about 5 miles apart on opposite courses. At 1949:44, the pilot of Cessna 182 repeated, "even five niner x-ray alpha good evening." The BCT controller responded, "Cessna calling say again", to which the pilot repeated the information, and the controller confirmed the call sign. The pilot acknowledged and said, "one thousand feet, VFR northbound along the beach, six and a half miles to the south, landing Boca." The controller acknowledged and instructed the pilot to enter and report a two mile right base for runway 5, and the pilot of the Cessna 182 acknowledged. There was no record of the BCT controller informing the pilot of the Cessna 182 of the whereabouts of the southbound Cessna 172, or of any potential traffic conflicts. At 1950:37, radar indicated the Cessna 172 exited the BCT Class D airspace at 1,000 feet, and at the same time, the Cessna 182 exited the PMP Class D airspace at 900 feet, with both airplanes being less than one mile apart, and on opposite courses. Radar indicated that the airplanes collided between 1950:52 and 1950:57. Postcrash examination of both accident airplanes did not reveal any preaccident anomalies.

N4903F, a Cessna 172N, and N759XA, a Cessna 182Q, collided while in cruise flight, during daylight visual meteorological conditions, in class E airspace, over the Atlantic ocean, about 300 yards east of the Deerfield Beach pier, Deerfield Beach, Florida. The airplane wreckages descended, impacted the ocean, and came to rest in about 38 feet of water. Both airplanes were destroyed, and all occupants received fatal injuries. The Cessna 172 had departed Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport about 1835, and had proceeded north. He had contacted PBI TRACON for authorization and radar advisory service, and was assigned a transponder code of 0205. At 1942:07, when preparing to exit PBI's airspace, the PBI controller instructed the pilot of Cessna 172 to remain on the same transponder code, and told him that radar service was terminated, and to contact Boca tower, "one one eight point four two for transition." The pilot of the Cessna 172 read back the frequency, and acknowledged. At this time radar indicated the Cessna 172 was about 10 miles south of PBI, and about 8 miles north-northeast of BCT. At 1943:30 radar indicated that the Cessna 172's transponder code changed from 0205 to 1200. At 1944:25, the pilot of Cessna 172 contacted Boca Raton tower (BCT) and said, "Skyhawk four niner zero three foxtrot, about seven miles north over the shoreline, would like to, to Lauderdale Executive, would like to transition your airspace please." The controller said, "zero three fox I believe that is, transition southbound approved, the altimeter two nine nine six, report east." The pilot of the Cessna 172 read back the altimeter setting. At 1942, the pilot of the Cessna 182 had left the Bahamas , and he had landed and cleared customs in Fort Lauderdale, and was at the time of the accident continuing on to his final destination, Boca Raton, Florida. At 1946:25, the pilot of Cessna 182 contacted Pompano Beach tower (PMP) and advised that he was "northbound, VFR along the beach landing Boca Raton." The PMP controller acknowledged and advised the pilot to "report passing east of the field." At 1948:46, the pilot of N47DM, an uninvolved airplane, called BCT tower, and requested to taxi to the active runway. The controller acknowledged and the pilot said he would like to pick up his IFR clearance. During this radio communications exchange, radar indicated the Cessna 172 passed east of BCT, and there was no record of the pilot of the Cessna 172 having reported his position, east. At 1949:05, the pilot of the Cessna 182 transmitted to the Pompano (PMP) tower controller, "reporting east of the field." Radar indicted the Cessna 182 was about 2 miles east of PMP about that time. The PMP tower controller responded and instructed the pilot to contact Boca Raton (BCT) tower, and the pilot acknowledged. At 1949:11, the BCT controller read the IFR clearance to the pilot of N47DM, an uninvolved pilot, and the pilot read back the clearance. While the pilot of N47DM was reading back the IFR clearance on the ground control frequency, the pilot of the Cessna 182 was transmitting on the local control frequency saying, "seven five niner x-ray alpha good evening." At 1949:34, on the ground control frequency, the BCT controller said, "that is correct", and less than three seconds later, on the local control frequency, he said, "roger, no reported traffic south, frequency change approved, good night." At this time, radar indicated the Cessna 172 was 3 miles south southeast of BCT at 1,000 feet, and the Cessna 182 was 2 miles northeast of PMP at 1,000 feet. The airplanes were about 5 miles apart on opposite courses. At 1949:44, the pilot of Cessna 182 repeated, "even five niner x-ray alpha good evening." The BCT controller responded, "Cessna calling say again", to which the pilot repeated the information, and the controller confirmed the call sign. The pilot acknowledged and said, "one thousand feet, VFR northbound along the beach, six and a half miles to the south, landing Boca." The controller acknowledged and instructed the pilot to enter and report a two mile right base for runway 5, and the pilot of the Cessna 182 acknowledged. There was no record of the BCT controller informing the pilot of the Cessna 182 of the whereabouts of the southbound Cessna 172, or of any potential traffic conflicts. At 1950:37, radar indicated the Cessna 172 exited the BCT Class D airspace at 1,000 feet, and at the same time, the Cessna 182 exited the PMP Class D airspace at 900 feet, with both airplanes being less than one mile apart, and on opposite courses. Radar indicated that the airplanes collided between 1950:52 and 1950:57. Postcrash examination of both accident airplanes did not reveal any preaccident anomalies.

HISTORY OF FLIGHT On June 17, 2003, about 1951 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172N, N4903F, registered to and operated by Gulfstream Academy of Aeronautics, as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight, and a Cessna 182Q, N759XA, registered to and operated by Flying Double Eagle Inc., as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight, collided while in cruise flight, over the Atlantic ocean, about 300 yards east of the Deerfield Beach pier, Deerfield Beach, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plans were filed for either flight. Both airplanes were destroyed, and the private-rated pilot and two passengers on N4903F, as well as the commercial-rated pilot and one passenger on N759XA received fatal injuries. The Cessna 172's flight originated at Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport (FXE), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the same day, about 1835, and the Cessna 182's flight originated at the Fort lauderdale international Airport, (FLL), about 1940.

During the minutes preceding, and up to the time of the accident, N4903F, the Cessna 172, had been following the shoreline southbound. N759XA, the Cessna 182, was proceeding northbound. The Cessna 172 had departed Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport about 1835, and it had proceeded toward Stuart Airport, north of Palm Beach International Airport (PBI). The pilot had contacted PBI Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) for authorization and for radar advisory service, and was assigned a transponder code of 0205. At 1919:51, the pilot of the Cessna 172 advised PBI TRACON that he was going to proceed over the coast and return to Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport. The PBI TRACON controller acknowledged and said, "I will need you around a thousand feet east of the shoreline." The pilot acknowledged. Radar indicated that the Cessna 172 was about 10 miles north of PBI, and the airplane proceeded east to the shoreline, then southbound along the shore at an indicated altitude of 1,000 to 1,100 feet. At 1942:07, the PBI controller instructed the pilot of the Cessna 172 to "remain on the same transponder code, radar service terminated, contact Boca tower, one one eight point four two for transition." The pilot read back the frequency and acknowledged. At this time radar indicated the airplane was approximately 10 miles south of PBI, and about 8 miles north-northeast of BCT. At 1943:30, radar indicated that the transponder code being transmitted by the Cessna 172 changed from 0205 to 1200. At 1944:25, the pilot of the Cessna 172 contacted Boca Raton tower (BCT) and said, "Skyhawk four niner zero three foxtrot, about seven miles north over the shoreline, would like to, to Lauderdale Executive, would like to transition your airspace please." The controller said, "zero three fox I believe that is, transition southbound approved, the altimeter two nine nine six, report east." The pilot read back the altimeter setting.

The pilot of the Cessna 182 had departed the Bahamas, landed and cleared customs at the Fort Lauderdale International Airport, and was continuing on to his final destination, Boca Raton, Florida. At 1946:25, the pilot of the Cessna 182 contacted Pompano Beach tower (PMP) and advised that he was "northbound, VFR along the beach landing Boca Raton." The PMP controller acknowledged and advised the pilot to "report passing east of the field."

At 1948:46, the pilot of N47DM, an uninvolved airplane, called BCT tower, and requested to taxi to the active runway. The controller acknowledged and the pilot said he would like to pick up his IFR clearance. During this radio communications exchange, radar indicated the Cessna 172 passed east of BCT, and there was no record of the pilot of the Cessna 172 having reported his position east.

At 1949:05, the pilot of the Cessna 182 transmitted to the PMP tower controller, "reporting east of the field." Radar indicted the Cessna 182 was about 2 miles east of PMP about that time. The PMP tower controller responded, and instructed the pilot to contact BCT tower, and the pilot acknowledged. At 1949:11, the BCT controller read the IFR clearance to the pilot of N47DM, the pilot read back the clearance. At the same time that the pilot of N47DM was reading back the IFR clearance on the ground control frequency, the pilot of Cessna 182 was transmitting on the local control frequency, "seven five niner x-ray alpha good evening." At 1949:34, on the ground control frequency, the BCT controller said, "that is correct", then less than three seconds later on the local control frequency said, "roger, no reported traffic south, frequency change approved, good night." At this time, radar indicated the Cessna 172 was 3 miles south southeast of BCT at 1,000 feet, and the Cessna 182 was 2 miles northeast of PMP at 1,000 feet. The airplanes were about 5 miles apart, and on opposite courses.

At 1949:44, the pilot of Cessna 182 repeated, "seven five niner x-ray alpha good evening." The BCT controller responded, "Cessna calling say again", to which the pilot repeated the information, and the the controller confirmed the call sign. The pilot acknowledged and said, "one thousand feet, VFR northbound along the beach, six and a half miles to the south, landing Boca." The controller acknowledged and instructed the pilot to enter and report a two mile right base for runway 5, and the pilot of the Cessna 182 acknowledged.

At 1950:37, radar indicated the Cessna 172 exited the BCT Class D airspace at 1,000 feet, and about the same time the Cessna 182 exited the PMP Class D airspace at 900 feet, with both airplanes being less than one mile apart, and still on opposite courses. Radar data indicated that the airplanes collided between 1950:52 and 1950:57.

At 1953:19, the pilot of N47DM transmitted that he was ready for departure from runway five. The BCT controller called PBI TRACON for release, and cleared N47DM for takeoff. At 1956:15, N9BC called PMP Tower and said, "have you been informed of an aircraft crash around Deerfield Pier, may have been two aircraft, a midair." The PMP controller said that he had not heard, and would be closing soon, but would call Boca tower. At 1957:21, the PMP controller called BCT and advised that the sheriff's department helicopter pilot reported that there was a midair collision near Deerfield Pier.

See the NTSB Air Traffic Control Group Chairman's Facual Report.

Several witnesses along the shoreline stated that they observed the accident, and they saw and heard both accident airplanes approach each other in normal level cruise flight. They said the airplanes flew directly toward each other, head on, at close to the same altitude. Some witnesses said that it appeared as if they were practicing for an airshow performing aerial demonstrations, and remarked that they were surprised when the collision occurred. As the airplanes drew close to each other, the witnesses said that the left wings collided as the airplanes maneuvered, and there was a loud noise associated with the impact. According to the witnesses, both airplanes along with associated debris, descended, and impacted the water.

Personnel information

According to information obtained from the president of Gulfstream Academy of Aeronautics, Inc., the pilot of the Cessna 172 had been conducting flight training with the academy since March of that year and was aspiring to become an airline pilot. Records obtained from the operator, as well as the FAA showed that the pilot of the Cessna 172 held a private pilot certificate with a single-engine land rating, issued less than a week before the accident, on June 12, 2003. He also held a first class medical certificate issued on March 3, 2003 with no stated limitations or restrictions

HISTORY OF FLIGHT On June 17, 2003, about 1951 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172N, N4903F, registered to and operated by Gulfstream Academy of Aeronautics, as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight, and a Cessna 182Q, N759XA, registered to and operated by Flying Double Eagle Inc., as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight, collided while in cruise flight, over the Atlantic ocean, about 300 yards east of the Deerfield Beach pier, Deerfield Beach, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plans were filed for either flight. Both airplanes were destroyed, and the private-rated pilot and two passengers on N4903F, as well as the commercial-rated pilot and one passenger on N759XA received fatal injuries. The Cessna 172's flight originated at Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport (FXE), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the same day, about 1835, and the Cessna 182's flight originated at the Fort lauderdale international Airport, (FLL), about 1940.

During the minutes preceeding, and up to the time of the accident, N4903F, the Cessna 172, had been following the shoreline southbound. N759XA, the Cessna 182, was proceeding northbound. The Cessna 172 had departed Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport about 1835, and it had proceeded toward Stuart Airport, north of Palm Beach International Airport (PBI). The pilot had contacted PBI Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) for authorization and for radar advisory service, and was assigned a transponder code of 0205. At 1919:51, the pilot of the Cessna 172 advised PBI TRACON that he was going to proceed over the coast and return to Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport. The PBI TRACON controller acknowledged and said, "I will need you around a thousand feet east of the shoreline." The pilot acknowledged. Radar indicated that the Cessna 172 was about 10 miles north of PBI, and the airplane proceeded east to the shoreline, then southbound along the shore at an indicated altitude of 1,000 to 1,100 feet. At 1942:07, the PBI controller instructed the pilot of the Cessna 172 to "remain on the same transponder code, radar service terminated, contact Boca tower, one one eight point four two for transition." The pilot read back the frequency and acknowledged. At this time radar indicated the airplane was approximately 10 miles south of PBI, and about 8 miles north-northeast of BCT. At 1943:30, radar indicated that the transponder code being transmitted by the Cessna 172 changed from 0205 to 1200. At 1944:25, the pilot of the Cessna 172 contacted Boca Raton tower (BCT) and said, "Skyhawk four niner zero three foxtrot, about seven miles north over the shoreline, would like to, to Lauderdale Executive, would like to transition your airspace please." The controller said, "zero three fox I believe that is, transition southbound approved, the altimeter two nine nine six, report east." The pilot read back the altimeter setting.

The pilot of the Cessna 182 had departed the Bahamas, landed and cleared customs at the Fort Lauderdale International Airport, and was continuing on to his final destination, Boca Raton, Florida. At 1946:25, the pilot of the Cessna 182 contacted Pompano Beach tower (PMP) and advised that he was "northbound, VFR along the beach landing Boca Raton." The PMP controller acknowledged and advised the pilot to "report passing east of the field."

At 1948:46, the pilot of N47DM, an uninvolved airplane, called BCT tower, and requested to taxi to the active runway. The controller acknowledged and the pilot said he would like to pick up his IFR clearance. During this radio communications exchange, radar indicated the Cessna 172 passed east of BCT, and there was no record of the pilot of the Cessna 172 having reported his position east.

At 1949:05, the pilot of the Cessna 182 transmitted to the PMP tower controller, "reporting east of the field." Radar indicted the Cessna 182 was about 2 miles east of PMP about that time. The PMP tower controller responded, and instructed the pilot to contact BCT tower, and the pilot acknowledged. At 1949:11, the BCT controller read the IFR clearance to the pilot of N47DM, the pilot read back the clearance. At the same time that the pilot of N47DM was reading back the IFR clearance on the ground control frequency, the pilot of Cessna 182 was transmitting on the local control frequency, "seven five niner x-ray alpha good evening." At 1949:34, on the ground control frequency, the BCT controller said, "that is correct", then less than three seconds later on the local control frequency said, "roger, no reported traffic south, frequency change approved, good night." At this time, radar indicated the Cessna 172 was 3 miles south southeast of BCT at 1,000 feet, and the Cessna 182 was 2 miles northeast of PMP at 1,000 feet. The airplanes were about 5 miles apart, and on opposite courses.

At 1949:44, the pilot of Cessna 182 repeated, "seven five niner x-ray alpha good evening." The BCT controller responded, "Cessna calling say again", to which the pilot repeated the information, and the the controller confirmed the call sign. The pilot acknowledged and said, "one thousand feet, VFR northbound along the beach, six and a half miles to the south, landing Boca." The controller acknowledged and instructed the pilot to enter and report a two mile right base for runway 5, and the pilot of the Cessna 182 acknowledged.

At 1950:37, radar indicated the Cessna 172 exited the BCT Class D airspace at 1,000 feet, and about the same time the Cessna 182 exited the PMP Class D airspace at 900 feet, with both airplanes being less than one mile apart, and still on opposite courses. Radar data indicated that the airplanes collided between 1950:52 and 1950:57.

At 1953:19, the pilot of N47DM transmitted that he was ready for departure from runway five. The BCT controller called PBI TRACON for release, and cleared N47DM for takeoff. At 1956:15, N9BC called PMP Tower and said, "have you been informed of an aircraft crash around Deerfield Pier, may have been two aircraft, a midair." The PMP controller said that he had not heard, and would be closing soon, but would call Boca tower. At 1957:21, the PMP controller called BCT and advised that the sheriff's department helicopter pilot reported that there was a midair collision near Deerfield Pier.

See the NTSB Air Traffic Control Group Chairman's Facual Report.

Several witnesses along the shoreline stated that they observed the accident, and they saw and heard both accident airplanes approach each other in normal level cruise flight. They said the airplanes flew directly toward each other, head on, at close to the same altitude. Some witnesses said that it appeared as if they were practicing for an airshow performing aerial demonstrations, and remarked that they were surprised when the collision occurred. As the airplanes drew close to each other, the witnesses said that the left wings collided as the airplanes maneuvered, and there was a loud noise associated with the impact. According to the witnesses, both airplanes along with associated debris, descended, and impacted the water.

Personnel information

According to information obtained from the president of Gulfstream Academy of Aeronautics, Inc., the pilot of the Cessna 172 had been conducting flight training with the academy since March of that year and was aspiring to become an airline pilot. Records obtained from the operator, as well as the FAA showed that the pilot of the Cessna 172 held a private pilot certificate with a single-engine land rating, issued less than a week before the accident, on June 12, 2003. He also held a first class medical certificate issued on March 3, 2003 with no stated limitations or restriction