MIA96LA106

NTSB accident investigation · Enstrom F-28C · Defuniak Spring, FL · March 26, 1996

Accident · Minor injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
March 25, 1996, 21:24 local (Mar 26, 1996, 03:24 UTC)
Place
Defuniak Spring, FL
Injuries
1 minor, 1 uninjured
Damage
Destroyed
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N56874Enstrom F-28C
Weather
Instrument (IMC) · Night/dark
Status
Completed · report May 9, 1996
Report
Approved by Office Director
FAA report
19960325007489A
Case key
37998

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The pilot's inadvertent flight into instrument meteorological conditions, and inadvertent descent, due to spatial disorientation, which resulted in a collision with trees. Factors relating to the accident were: the adverse weather conditions and the pilot's lack of instrument experience.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

In flight encounter with weatherCruise
Weather condition - low ceilingFactor
Weather condition - drizzle/mistFactor
Weather condition - fogFactor
Vfr flight into imc - inadvertentPilot in commandCause
In flight collision with objectManeuvering - turn to reverse direction
Descent - inadvertentPilot in commandCause
Spatial disorientationPilot in commandCause
Lack of total instrument timePilot in commandFactor
Object - tree(s)

Analysis

The noninstrument-rated commercial pilot was in cruise flight flying over an interstate highway at night. The ceiling reported by an FAA Flight Service Station (destination airport) was 400 feet overcast, visibility 2 miles, with drizzle and fog. The pilot flew into a fog bank and the helicopter encountered instrument flight conditions. The pilot slowed the helicopter down and initiated a 180-degree right turn. During the turn, he heard a 'popping' sound to his left and observed a flickering light on the instrument panel. He checked the flight instruments, noticed the helicopter was in a diving right turn, observed lights on the interstate highway and increased collective pitch. The main rotor blades collided with trees, and the helicopter went to the right, crossed the interstate highway, hit some more trees, and crashed.

Factual narrative

On March 25, 1996, about 2124 central standard time, an Enstrom F-28C, N56874, registered to a private owner, operating as a 14 CFR Part 91 ferry flight, crashed while maneuvering in the vicinity of DeFuniak Springs, Florida. Instrument meteorological conditions were being reported at the time of the accident. The helicopter was destroyed. The noninstrument-rated commercial pilot reported minor injuries and the private pilot passenger reported no injuries. The flight originated from Tallahassee, Florida, about 1 hour 24 minutes before the accident.

The pilot stated he was in cruise flight at 800 agl west bound over Interstate 10, when he flew into a fog bank. He slowed the helicopter down and initiated a 180-degree right turn. Just after starting the turn he heard a "popping" sound to his left, and diverted his attention to a flickering light on the instrument panel. He checked the flight instruments and noticed the helicopter was in a diving right turn. He observed lights on Interstate 10, and increased collective pitch. The main rotor blades collided with trees and the helicopter veered to the right across the highway, and hit some more trees. He applied collective pitch and aft cyclic, the helicopter collided with the ground and rolled over on its left side. After exiting the helicopter, his passenger called "911" to report the accident to the authorities. Review of Walton County Public Safety "911" logs revealed the telephone call was received at 2134.

Review of weather information obtained from Crestview Automated Flight Service Station, Crestview, Florida, revealed instrument meteorological conditions prevailed throughout the afternoon and at the time of the accident.

Aircraft

Registration
N56874
Reported as
Enstrom F-28C
Category
Helicopter
Serial number
467
Airframe hours
1,050
Engine
Lycoming HIO-360-E1AD, 205 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Destroyed
Flight
Ferry · Part 91
Operator
Robert D. Duda
Registered owner
Jonathan P. Gray
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · February 20, 1996 · 40 hours before
Departed
TLH · Tallahassee, FL
Destination
CEW · Crestview, FL

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
41
Certificates
Private, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 2, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Right
Flight hours
888 total · 761 in this make and model · 841 as pilot in command · 100 in the last 90 days · 80 in the last 30 days · 8 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Instrument (IMC) · Night/dark
Visibility
2 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
400 ft overcast
Temperature
59 °F, dew point 57 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
CEW, 7 nm away

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.