NYC00IA100

NTSB incident investigation · McDonnell Douglas MD-88 · Boston, MA · March 24, 2000

Incident · No injuriesIncident investigationFinal report
Date
March 24, 2000, 14:20 local (19:20 UTC)
Place
Boston, MA
Injuries
202 uninjured
Phase of flight
Pushback/towing
Aircraft
N944DLMcDonnell Douglas MD-88N297WABoeing 727-247
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report November 29, 2000
Report
Approved by Office Director
Case key
51266

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the incident.

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Probable cause

the failure of the ground pushback crew to maintain an adequate clearance from a nearby airplane during pushback.

the failure of the ground pushback crew to maintain an adequate clearance from a nearby airplane during pushback.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Collision between aircraft (other than midair)Taxi - pushback/tow
Clearance - not maintainedGround personnelCause
Collision between aircraft (other than midair)Taxi - pushback/tow
Clearance - not maintainedGround personnelCause

Analysis

The MD-88 was being pushed back toward a Boeing 727. There were three ground walkers and a tug driver. The three ground walkers all signaled for the tug driver to stop. However, the tug driver reported that he was unable to stop prior to collision without jamming on the brakes. He elected to make a controlled stop and the elevator of the MD-88 struck the rudder of the Boeing 727.

The MD-88 was being pushed back toward a Boeing 727. There were three ground walkers and a tug driver. The three ground walkers all signaled for the tug driver to stop. However, the tug driver reported that he was unable to stop prior to collision without jamming on the brakes. He elected to make a controlled stop and the elevator of the MD-88 struck the rudder of the Boeing 727.

Factual narrative

On March 24, 2000, about 1420 Eastern Standard Time, a Boeing 727-247, N297WA, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 1865, was struck by a McDonnell-Douglas MD-88, N944DL, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 1857, at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts. Both airplanes received minor damage, and there were no injuries to the 202 occupants of either airplane, and the 4 ground personnel conducting the pushback on the MD-88. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plans had been filed, for the two flights which were conducted under 14 CFR Part 121.

The Boeing 727 was parked at an adjacent gate with the jetway attached. Passenger loading was in progress.

The MD-88 was being pushed back for departure. The pushback crew consisted of two wing walkers, a walker by the nose, and the tug driver. As the airplane was pushed back, the tail was turned toward the Boeing 727. The MD-88 was then pulled forward a short distance, and pushed back again to make a change in direction. During the second rearward push, the right elevator of the MD-88 made contact with the rudder tab on the upper rudder of the Boeing 727.

The airplanes were separated and the MD-88 was returned to the gate where the passengers deplaned through the jetway.

According to statements received from DAL, the three ground walkers all signaled the tug driver to stop. According to the statement from the tug driver:

"...I did not want to jam on the brakes and bring him to a hard stop, so I tried to ease him to a comfortable stop...."

The damage on the Boeing 727 consisted of a tear in the fiberglass skin of the upper rudder tab. The upper rudder tab was replaced and the airplane was returned to service.

The damage on the MD-88 consisted of a four inch long dent in the trailing edge of right side elevator anti-float tab. The airplane was ferried to Atlanta for repair with the damaged unit still in place.

On March 24, 2000, about 1420 Eastern Standard Time, a Boeing 727-247, N297WA, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 1865, was struck by a McDonnell-Douglas MD-88, N944DL, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 1857, at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts. Both airplanes received minor damage, and there were no injuries to the 202 occupants of either airplane, and the 4 ground personnel conducting the pushback of the MD-88. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plans had been filed, for the two flights which were conducted under 14 CFR Part 121.

The Boeing 727 was parked at an adjacent gate with the jetway attached. Passenger loading was in progress.

The MD-88 was being pushed back for departure. The pushback crew consisted of two wing walkers, a walker by the nose, and the tug driver. As the airplane was pushed back, the tail was turned toward the Boeing 727. The MD-88 was then pulled forward a short distance, and pushed back again to make a change in direction. During the second rearward push, the right elevator of the MD-88 made contact with the rudder tab on the upper rudder of the Boeing 727.

The airplanes were separated and the MD-88 was returned to the gate where the passengers deplaned through the jetway.

According to statements received from DAL, the three ground walkers all signaled the tug driver to stop. According to the statement from the tug driver:

"...I did not want to jam on the brakes and bring him to a hard stop, so I tried to ease him to a comfortable stop...."

The damage on the Boeing 727 consisted of a tear in the fiberglass skin of the upper rudder tab. The upper rudder tab was replaced and the airplane was returned to service.

The damage on the MD-88 consisted of a four-inch long dent in the trailing edge of right side elevator anti-float tab. The airplane was ferried to Atlanta for repair with the damaged unit still in place.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N944DL
Reported as
McDonnell Douglas MD-88
Category
Airplane
Serial number
49817
Engine
P&W JT8D-219, 21,000 lbs thrust, turbo fan
Damage
Minor damage
Flight
Part 121
Registered owner
Delta Air Lines
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · March 22, 2000
Departed
BOS
Destination
ATL · Atlanta, GA
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
BOS · Logan Int'L Airport

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N297WA
Reported as
Boeing 727-247
Category
Airplane
Serial number
22534
Engine
P&W JT8D-15, 15,000 lbs thrust, turbo jet
Damage
Minor damage
Flight
Part 121
Registered owner
Delta Air Lines
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · March 29, 2000
Departed
BOS
Destination
JFK · Jamaica, NY
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
BOS · Logan Int'L Airport

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N944DL
Age
52
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Left
Flight hours
13,000 total · 5,979 in this make and model
Role
Pilot, aircraft N297WA
Age
58
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Flight hours
18,000 total · 10,000 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
110° at 11 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
50 °F, dew point 34 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
BOS