SEA02LA186

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA-28-161 · Spokane, WA · September 28, 2002

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
September 28, 2002, 15:25 local (22:25 UTC)
Place
Spokane, WA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N132NDPiper PA-28-161
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report April 8, 2003
Report
Approved by Office Director
Parties
Spokane FAA FSDO
FAA report
20020928026739A
Case key
55813

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The flight instructor's delay of the remedial action necessary to correct for the student pilot's error during the landing flare. Factors include the student pilot's misjudgment of the aircraft's height above the runway when he initiated the flare.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Hard landingLanding - flare/touchdown
Remedial action - delayedPilot in command(cfi)Cause
Flare - misjudgedDual studentFactor

Analysis

The flight instructor told his student to make his landing on the second centerline stripe of the runway. After turning final, the student established a stabilized approach at the correct airspeed, but with a glideslope that would take him past the desired second stripe touchdown point. Because runway length was not a critical factor, the instructor decided to let the student continue on the higher than desired glideslope so that he would learn that it would take him past the desired point of touchdown. Reportedly, when the aircraft was still about 20 feet above the runway surface, the student reduced the power to idle and started to flare prematurely, and the aircraft ultimately leveled off about 10 feet above the runway. The instructor then advised the student that they were too high, and that if they landed from that height "...it would be rough." The student therefore added power (about one-quarter throttle) and lowered the nose in order to descend to a point closer to the runway. Soon after starting to make this adjustment, the student flared a second time, and the aircraft fell to the runway surface from an altitude that was still too high. As the aircraft began to fall toward the runway, the instructor reached for the throttle in order to initiate a go-around, but just as he made contact with it, the aircraft impacted the runway with sufficient force to result in substantial damage. At that point, the instructor took control of the aircraft, completed the landing sequence, and then taxied to an area where the aircraft could be checked for damage. According to the instructor, there was no indication of any problem with the engine or flight control system that would have contributed to the accident, and the FAA Inspector who looked at the aircraft did not find evidence of any such anomaly.

Factual narrative

On September 28, 2002, approximately 1525 Pacific daylight time, a Piper PA-28-161, N132ND, experienced a hard landing at Spokane International Airport, Spokane, Washington. The flight instructor and his student were not injured, but the aircraft, which is owned and operated by the University of North Dakota, sustained substantial damage. The 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight, which departed the same location about 25 minutes earlier, was being operated in visual meteorological conditions. No flight plan had been filed. There was no report of an ELT activation.

According to the flight instructor, he told his student to make his landing on the second centerline stripe of the runway. After turning final, the student established a stabilized approach at the correct airspeed, but with a glideslope that would take him passed the desired second stripe touchdown point. Because runway length was not a critical factor, the instructor decided to let the student continue on the higher than desired glideslope so that he would learn that it would take him past the desired point of touchdown. Reportedly, when the aircraft was still about 20 feet above the runway surface, the student reduced the power to idle and started to flare prematurely, and the aircraft ultimately leveled off about 10 feet above the runway. The instructor then advised the student that they were too high, and that if they landed from that height "...it would be rough." The student therefore added power (about one-quarter throttle) and lowered the nose in order to descend to a point closer to the runway. Soon after starting to make this adjustment, the student flared a second time, and the aircraft fell to the runway surface from an altitude that was still too high. As the aircraft began to fall toward the runway, the instructor reached for the throttle in order to initiate a go-around, but just as he made contact with it, the aircraft impacted the runway with sufficient force to result in substantial damage. At that point, the instructor took control of the aircraft, completed the landing sequence, and then taxied to an area where the aircraft could be checked for damage.

According to the instructor, there was no indication of any problem with the engine or flight control system that would have contributed to the accident, and the FAA Inspector who looked at the aircraft did not find evidence of any such anomaly.

Aircraft

Registration
N132ND
Reported as
Piper PA-28-161
Category
Airplane
Serial number
2841222
Airframe hours
10,510
Engine
Lycoming O-320-D3G, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Registered owner
University Of North Dakota
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
AAIP · September 26, 2002 · 9 hours before
Departed
GEG · Spokane, WA
Destination
GEG
Airport
KGEG · Spokane International, runway 25, 8,199 × 150 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor
Age
24
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Last flight review
July 9, 2002
Seat
Right
Flight hours
1,021 total · 634 in this make and model · 946 as pilot in command · 106 in the last 90 days · 47 in the last 30 days · 4 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Injuries
None

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Variable at 7 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
63 °F
Altimeter
29.84 inHg

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.