SEA94LA058

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 402C · Billings, MT · February 7, 1994

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
February 6, 1994, 18:53 local (Feb 7, 1994, 01:53 UTC)
Place
Billings, MT
Injuries
5 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N2718YCessna 402C
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night/dark
Status
Completed · report January 26, 1995
Report
Approved by Office Director
FAA report
19940206000599A
Case key
41874

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The nose gear actuator froze. A factor to the accident was temperature extremes.

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

Nose gear collapsedLanding
Landing gear,nose gear assembly - frozenCause
Weather condition - temperature extremesFactor

Analysis

After takeoff, the pilot retracted the landing gear and noted that the main gear lights went out but the gear light remained illuminated. The pilot cycled the gear with the same results. The pilot selected the gear down and returned for landing with a three green indication. During the landing roll, the nose gear collapsed. No evidence was found to indicate a mechanical failure or malfunction, however the mechanic stated that due to the extreme low temp conditions the nose gear actuator may have frozen and did not allow the nose gear to complete a full range of travel to the up lock or down lock.

Factual narrative

On February 6, 1994, at 1853 mountain standard time, a Cessna 402C, N2718Y, operating as Big Sky Flight 138, collapsed its nose gear on landing at Billings, Montana. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and an instrument flight rules flight plan was filed for the flight that was conducted under 14 CFR 135. The airplane was substantially damaged and the two certificated airline transport pilots and the three passengers were not injured.

The operator reported that the flight had taken off from Billings at 1835 and was en route to Miles City, Montana, on the scheduled commuter flight. The crew retracted the landing gear at approximately 500 feet and noted the "in transit" light illuminated for the three landing gear. The lights for the main gear went out as normal, however, the nose gear light remained illuminated. The flight crew extended the gear and a three green indication was noted. According to the flight crew statements, they recycled the gear twice with the same indications as before. The crew extended the landing gear and returned for landing at Billings with a three green indication for landing. During the landing roll, the nose gear collapsed.

After the airplane was removed from the runway and secured in a hanger, a mechanic inspected the landing gear and reported that the nose gear was not in the down and locked position. The landing gear was then cycled and a down and locked position was noted. The mechanic reported that there was no evidence found to indicate a mechanical failure or malfunction.

At the time of the accident, the weather was reported from Billings to be -5 degrees and light snow. The mechanic stated that the nose gear actuator may have froze and did not allow the nose gear to complete a full range of travel to the up lock or down lock position.

Aircraft

Registration
N2718Y
Reported as
Cessna 402C
Category
Airplane
Serial number
402C0232
Airframe hours
20,316
Engine
Continental TSIO-520-VB, 325 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Part 135
Operator
Big Sky Transportation, doing business as Big Sky Airlines
Registered owner
Bse Aircraft Equipment Corp
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · January 4, 1994 · 24 hours before
Destination
MLS · Miles City, MT
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
BIL · Billings, runway 10L, 10,528 × 150 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
43
Certificates
Commercial, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Left
Flight hours
6,500 total · 1,500 in this make and model · 4,800 as pilot in command · 151 in the last 90 days · 30 in the last 30 days · 8 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night/dark
Wind
60° at 13 knots
Visibility
15 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
4,900 ft overcast
Temperature
-6 °F, dew point -0 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
BIL

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.