WPR12CA005

NTSB accident investigation · Combs Dale B RV-4 · Madera, CA · October 11, 2011

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
October 11, 2011, 11:15 local (18:15 UTC)
Place
Madera, CA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N506DCCombs Dale B RV-4N427EFFreitag Ernst Vans RV-8
Defining events
Maneuvering: Midair collisionManeuvering: Midair collision
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report December 27, 2011
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Western Pacific Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Adminstration FSDO
Case key
82042

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The third airplane pilot’s failure to maintain visual contact with the second airplane during the formation flight.

The third airplane pilot’s failure to maintain visual contact with the second airplane during the formation flight.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

N506DC · Combs Dale B RV-4

Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraftPersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftCombs Dale B RV-4: 1 caseAll aircraft: 231 casesProbable cause

N427EF · Freitag Ernst Vans RV-8

Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraftPersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftFreitag Ernst VANS RV-8: 1 caseAll aircraft: 231 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

N506DC · Combs Dale B RV-4

N427EF · Freitag Ernst Vans RV-8

Analysis

The two accident airplanes were part of a three-airplane formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in the second position, and an RV-4 in the third position. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight. Three uneventful formation maneuvers were performed after departure; for the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead pilot pitched his airplane up and began the turn. After a 2-second interval, the second RV-8 pilot began the maneuver, following the first airplane. The RV-4 pilot then began the maneuver and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane but misidentified it as the second RV-8. He then realized he was in error, but, just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 sustained substantial damage to the aft fuselage, and the left wing tip and aileron partially separated from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per-minute spiraling descent and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.

The two accident airplanes were part of a three-airplane formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in the second position, and an RV-4 in the third position. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight. Three uneventful formation maneuvers were performed after departure; for the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead pilot pitched his airplane up and began the turn. After a 2-second interval, the second RV-8 pilot began the maneuver, following the first airplane. The RV-4 pilot then began the maneuver and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane but misidentified it as the second RV-8. He then realized he was in error, but, just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 sustained substantial damage to the aft fuselage, and the left wing tip and aileron partially separated from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per-minute spiraling descent and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

The two airplanes were part of a three-ship formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in position two, and an RV-4 in position three. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight, followed by three uneventful formation maneuvers after departure. For the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead airplane pitched up and began the turn. After a 2-second-interval, the second RV-8 began the maneuver, following in-trail. The pilot of the RV-4 then began the maneuver, and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane, misidentifying it as the second RV-8. He realized he was in error, and just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 suffered substantial damage to the aft fuselage, with the left wing tip and aileron partially separating from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per-minute spiraling descent, and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge, and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.

The two airplanes were part of a three-ship formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in position two, and an RV-4 in position three. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight, followed by three uneventful formation maneuvers after departure. For the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead airplane pitched up and began the turn. After a 2-second-interval, the second RV-8 began the maneuver, following in-trail. The pilot of the RV-4 then began the maneuver, and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane, misidentifying it as the second RV-8. He realized he was in error, and just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 suffered substantial damage to the aft fuselage, with the left wing tip and aileron partially separating from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per minute spiraling descent, and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge, and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N506DC
Reported as
Combs Dale B RV-4
Category
Airplane, amateur-built
Serial number
001
Airframe hours
580
Engine
Superior IO 360, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Condition · May 6, 2011 · 30 hours before
Departed
E79 · Fresno, CA
Destination
E79 · Fresno, CA
Airport
E79 · Fresno

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N427EF
Reported as
Freitag Ernst Vans RV-8
Category
Airplane, amateur-built
Serial number
80200
Airframe hours
400
Engine
Lycoming IO 360, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Condition · October 5, 2010 · 5 hours before
Departed
E79 · Fresno, CA
Destination
E79 · Madera, CA
Airport
E79 · Fresno

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N506DC
Age
62
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 4, 2011
Seat
Front
Flight hours
5,000 total · 600 in this make and model · 35 in the last 90 days
Role
Pilot, aircraft N427EF
Age
63
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 3, 2010
Seat
Front
Flight hours
4,000 total · 400 in this make and model · 30 in the last 90 days · 15 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
210° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
11,000 ft broken
Temperature
63 °F, dew point 36 °F
Altimeter
29.87 inHg
Observed at
KFAT, 20 nm away

Docket · 4

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 21, 2011, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 900 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.