- Date
- October 11, 2011, 11:15 local (18:15 UTC)
- Place
- Madera, CA
- Injuries
- 2 uninjured
- Phase of flight
- Maneuvering
- Defining events
- Maneuvering: Midair collisionManeuvering: Midair collision
- Weather
- Visual (VMC) · Day
- Status
- Completed · report December 27, 2011
- Report
- Approved by Office Director
- NTSB office
- Western Pacific Region
- Parties
- Federal Aviation Adminstration FSDO
- FAA reports
- 20111011022792A20111011022802A
- Case key
- 82042
From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.
On this page
Probable cause
The third airplane pilot’s failure to maintain visual contact with the second airplane during the formation flight.
The third airplane pilot’s failure to maintain visual contact with the second airplane during the formation flight.
Findings · 4
NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.
N506DC · Combs Dale B RV-4
N427EF · Freitag Ernst Vans RV-8
Sequence of events
The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.
N506DC · Combs Dale B RV-4
N427EF · Freitag Ernst Vans RV-8
Analysis
The two accident airplanes were part of a three-airplane formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in the second position, and an RV-4 in the third position. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight. Three uneventful formation maneuvers were performed after departure; for the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead pilot pitched his airplane up and began the turn. After a 2-second interval, the second RV-8 pilot began the maneuver, following the first airplane. The RV-4 pilot then began the maneuver and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane but misidentified it as the second RV-8. He then realized he was in error, but, just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 sustained substantial damage to the aft fuselage, and the left wing tip and aileron partially separated from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per-minute spiraling descent and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.
The two accident airplanes were part of a three-airplane formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in the second position, and an RV-4 in the third position. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight. Three uneventful formation maneuvers were performed after departure; for the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead pilot pitched his airplane up and began the turn. After a 2-second interval, the second RV-8 pilot began the maneuver, following the first airplane. The RV-4 pilot then began the maneuver and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane but misidentified it as the second RV-8. He then realized he was in error, but, just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 sustained substantial damage to the aft fuselage, and the left wing tip and aileron partially separated from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per-minute spiraling descent and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.
Factual narrative
The two airplanes were part of a three-ship formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in position two, and an RV-4 in position three. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight, followed by three uneventful formation maneuvers after departure. For the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead airplane pitched up and began the turn. After a 2-second-interval, the second RV-8 began the maneuver, following in-trail. The pilot of the RV-4 then began the maneuver, and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane, misidentifying it as the second RV-8. He realized he was in error, and just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 suffered substantial damage to the aft fuselage, with the left wing tip and aileron partially separating from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per-minute spiraling descent, and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge, and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.
The two airplanes were part of a three-ship formation flight comprised of an RV-8 airplane in the lead position, an RV-8 in position two, and an RV-4 in position three. The group performed a formation flight briefing prior to flight, followed by three uneventful formation maneuvers after departure. For the fourth maneuver, the lead pilot made a radio call commanding the group to begin a climbing left turn. All members of the group responded in the affirmative, and the lead airplane pitched up and began the turn. After a 2-second-interval, the second RV-8 began the maneuver, following in-trail. The pilot of the RV-4 then began the maneuver, and momentarily lost visual contact with the second RV-8. He then made visual contact with the lead airplane, misidentifying it as the second RV-8. He realized he was in error, and just as he was about to perform evasive maneuvers, his airplane struck the second RV-8. The RV-4 suffered substantial damage to the aft fuselage, with the left wing tip and aileron partially separating from the airplane after making contact with the propeller of the RV-8. The pilot reported that the airplane began a 4,000-foot-per minute spiraling descent, and did not respond to aileron control inputs. He regained control of the airplane utilizing rudder, elevator, and throttle control, and subsequently performed a forced landing into a field. The RV-8 sustained substantial damage to the outboard section of the right wing leading edge, and returned to the departure airport uneventfully. Both pilots reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation.
Aircraft · 2
- Registration
- N506DC
- Reported as
- Combs Dale B RV-4
- Category
- Airplane, amateur-built
- Serial number
- 001
- Airframe hours
- 580
- Engine
- Superior IO 360, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Flight
- Personal · Part 91
- Airworthiness certificate
- Special, Experimental (Special)
- Last inspection
- Condition · May 6, 2011 · 30 hours before
- Departed
- E79 · Fresno, CA
- Destination
- E79 · Fresno, CA
- Airport
- E79 · Fresno
Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.
- Registration
- N427EF
- Reported as
- Freitag Ernst Vans RV-8
- Category
- Airplane, amateur-built
- Serial number
- 80200
- Airframe hours
- 400
- Engine
- Lycoming IO 360, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Flight
- Personal · Part 91
- Airworthiness certificate
- Special, Experimental (Special)
- Last inspection
- Condition · October 5, 2010 · 5 hours before
- Departed
- E79 · Fresno, CA
- Destination
- E79 · Madera, CA
- Airport
- E79 · Fresno
Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.
Flight crew · 2
As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.
- Role
- Pilot, aircraft N506DC
- Age
- 62
- Injuries
- None
- Certificate
- Commercial
- Airplane ratings
- Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
- Instrument ratings
- Airplane
- Medical
- Class 2, With waivers/limitations
- Last flight review
- August 4, 2011
- Seat
- Front
- Flight hours
- 5,000 total · 600 in this make and model · 35 in the last 90 days
- Role
- Pilot, aircraft N427EF
- Age
- 63
- Injuries
- None
- Certificate
- Private
- Airplane ratings
- Single-engine land
- Instrument ratings
- Airplane
- Medical
- Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
- Last flight review
- January 3, 2010
- Seat
- Front
- Flight hours
- 4,000 total · 400 in this make and model · 30 in the last 90 days · 15 in the last 30 days
Weather
- Conditions
- Visual (VMC) · Day
- Wind
- 210° at 6 knots
- Visibility
- 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling
- 11,000 ft broken
- Temperature
- 63 °F, dew point 36 °F
- Altimeter
- 29.87 inHg
- Observed at
- KFAT, 20 nm away
Docket · 4
The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 21, 2011, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 900 KB in all.
FAA reports on this event · 2
The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.