WPR16LA063

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172S · San Diego, CA · February 3, 2016

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
February 3, 2016, 11:30 local (19:30 UTC)
Place
San Diego, CA
Injuries
4 uninjured
Phase of flight
Standing
Aircraft
N499DRCessna 172SN1955LCessna 172S
Defining events
Standing-engine(s) operating: Ground collisionStanding-engine(s) not oper: Ground collision
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report July 20, 2017
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Western Pacific Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
Case key
92687

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The failure of the flight instructor of the other airplane to maintain awareness while parked on the ramp with the engine operating, which resulted in impact with the parked airplane.

The flight instructor’s failure to maintain awareness while parked on the ramp with the engine operating, which resulted in impact with another parked airplane.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

N499DR · Cessna 172S

Attention/monitoring: task monitoring/vigilancePersonnel issues › Psychological · Instructor/check pilotCessna 172S: 8 casesAll aircraft: 330 casesProbable cause
Action: delayed actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotCessna 172S: 30 casesAll aircraft: 894 casesProbable cause

N1955L · Cessna 172S

Attention/monitoring: task monitoring/vigilancePersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftAll aircraft: 330 casesProbable cause
Action: delayed actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot of other aircraftAll aircraft: 894 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

N499DR · Cessna 172S

Ground collisionStanding-engine(s) operatingCessna 172S: 23 casesAll aircraft: 618 casesDefining event

N1955L · Cessna 172S

Ground collisionStanding-engine(s) not operAll aircraft: 618 casesDefining event

Analysis

The airplane was parked on the ramp with its engine not operating when another airplane taxied into it. The other airplane, with a flight instructor and a student pilot onboard, was parked with the engine running when it began to move forward and to the right. The instructor stated that upon noticing the forward movement, he applied the brakes. He reported that the right rudder/brake pedal was positioned further forward than the left pedal, and upon application of brakes, the right turn increased before the airplane impacted the parked airplane, resulting in substantial damage to both. The student pilot reported that he noticed the airplane's movement and tried to alert the instructor; however, the instructor appeared to be distracted. Postaccident examination of the brake system revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. It is likely that the airplane's nose wheel was initially displaced to the right, which resulted in the airplane's right turn when it began to move.

The flight instructor and student pilot were parked with the airplane's engine running when the airplane began to move forward and to the right. The instructor stated that upon noticing the forward movement, he applied the brakes. He reported that the right rudder/brake pedal was positioned further forward than the left pedal, and upon application of brakes, the right turn increased before the airplane impacted another occupied airplane parked on the ramp, resulting in substantial damage to both. The student pilot reported that he noticed the airplane's movement and tried to alert the instructor; however, the instructor appeared to be distracted. Postaccident examination of the brake system revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. It is likely that the airplane's nose wheel was initially displaced to the right, which resulted in the airplane's right turn.

Factual narrative

On February 3, 2016, about 1130 Pacific standard time, a Cessna 172S, N499DR, impacted a parked, occupied Cessna 172S, N1955L at the Gillespie Field Airport (SEE), San Diego/El Cajon, California. Both airplanes were occupied with one certified flight instructor (CFI) and one student pilot; no one was injured. N499DR sustained minor damage, and N1955L sustained substantial damage to the fuselage structure and rudder. Both airplanes were registered to Sorbi Aviation Inc., and were operated by the California Flight Academy as 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flights. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and neither airplane had filed a flight plan. Both airplanes were on the California Flight Academy parking ramp preparing for their local flights. The CFI from N499DR reported that this was the student pilot's first flight lesson. After completing a thorough preflight they hand towed the airplane out from its north facing parking spot and turned it towards the east. They started the engine and it idled between 800-1000 RPM. While listening to the airport's automatic terminal information service (ATIS) the airplane started to move with a right turning tendency. The CFI stated he did not notice it at first, but when he did, he stepped on the brakes. The airplane increased its right turn and struck a parked, occupied, airplane (N1955L). In a later conversation, the CFI reported that when he attempted to stop the airplane he noticed that the right rudder pedal was slightly more forward than the left, but not by much. In a written statement, the student pilot from N499DR reported that when the CFI was listening to the radio, the airplane started moving and turning into another airplane. He stated "Hey you! Airplane is moving!" and he touched the CFI. The CFI looked at him, then back at the radio, and he "did not do anything;" he appeared to be distracted. The airplane continued its turn and impacted N1955L. The CFI of N1955L reported that the student pilot and he were preparing for their flight with the engine off, when they suddenly felt a jolt and heard the sound of metal contacting metal. They turned around and observed that N499DR had struck the aft fuselage of their airplane. During a postaccident examination of N499DR's brake system by a Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness inspector, there were no visual defects or leaks. He manipulated the brakes both dependently and independently with no anomalies noted.

On February 3, 2016, about 1130 Pacific standard time, a Cessna 172S, N499DR, impacted a parked, occupied Cessna 172S, N1955L at the Gillespie Field Airport (SEE), San Diego/El Cajon, California. Both airplanes were occupied with one certified flight instructor (CFI) and one student pilot; no one was injured. N499DR sustained minor damage, and N1955L sustained substantial damage to the fuselage structure and rudder. Both airplanes were registered to Sorbi Aviation Inc., and were operated by the California Flight Academy as 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flights. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and neither airplane had filed a flight plan. Both airplanes were on the California Flight Academy parking ramp preparing for their local flights. The CFI from N499DR reported that this was the student pilot's first flight lesson. After completing a thorough preflight they hand towed the airplane out from its north facing parking spot and turned it towards the east. They started the engine and it idled between 800-1000 RPM. While listening to the airport's automatic terminal information service (ATIS) the airplane started to move with a right turning tendency. The CFI stated he did not notice it at first, but when he did, he stepped on the brakes. The airplane increased its right turn and struck a parked, occupied, airplane (N1955L). In a later conversation, the CFI reported that when he attempted to stop the airplane he noticed that the right rudder pedal was slightly more forward than the left, but not by much. In a written statement, the student pilot from N499DR reported that when the CFI was listening to the radio, the airplane started moving and turning into another airplane. He stated "Hey you! Airplane is moving!" and he touched the CFI. The CFI looked at him, then back at the radio, and he "did not do anything;" he appeared to be distracted. The airplane continued its turn and impacted N1955L. The CFI of N1955L reported that the student pilot and he were preparing for their flight with the engine off, when they suddenly felt a jolt and heard the sound of metal contacting metal. They turned around and observed that N499DR had struck the aft fuselage of their airplane. During a postaccident examination of N499DR's brake system by a Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness inspector, there were no visual defects or leaks. He manipulated the brakes both dependently and independently with no anomalies noted.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N499DR
Reported as
Cessna 172S
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S9167
Built
2002
Airframe hours
3,629
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Minor damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
California Flight Academy
Registered owner
Sorbi Aviation Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · January 29, 2016 · 11 hours before
Departed
SEE · San Diego, CA
Destination
SEE · San Diego, CA
Airport
SEE · Gillespie Field Airport
Equipment
Unknown

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N1955L
Reported as
Cessna 172S
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S8121
Built
1999
Airframe hours
4,502
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
California Flight Academy
Registered owner
Sorbi Aviation Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
100 hour · December 29, 2015
Departed
SEE · San Diego, CA
Destination
SEE · San Diego, CA
Airport
SEE · Gillespie Field Airport
Equipment
Unknown

Flight crew · 4

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor, aircraft N499DR
Age
29
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 15, 2015
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
560 total · 254 in this make and model · 500 as pilot in command · 140 in the last 90 days · 53 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot, aircraft N499DR
Age
29
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
0 total · 0 in this make and model
Role
Flight instructor, aircraft N1955L
Age
35
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
September 24, 2015
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
1,530 total · 371 in this make and model · 1,458 as pilot in command · 57 in the last 90 days · 39 in the last 30 days · 3 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot, aircraft N1955L
Age
25
Injuries
None
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
55 total · 54 in this make and model · 4 in the last 90 days · 4 in the last 30 days · 2 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Calm
Visibility
8 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
63 °F, dew point 27 °F
Altimeter
30.34 inHg
Observed at
SEE

Docket · 6

The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 30, 2017, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 9.1 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.