WPR19TA068

NTSB accident investigation · Pitts S1 · Torrance, CA · January 19, 2019

Accident · Minor injuriesClass 3Final report
Date
January 19, 2019, 08:50 local (16:50 UTC)
Place
Torrance, CA
Injuries
1 minor, 1 uninjured
Phase of flight
Taxi
Aircraft
N31WKPitts S1N27GMRutan Varieze
Defining events
Taxi: Ground collisionStanding-engine(s) operating: Ground collision
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 3
NTSB office
Western Pacific Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration
Case key
98842

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The biplane pilot’s inadequate visual lookout while taxing, which resulted in a ground collision.

Findings · 6

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

N31WK · Pitts S1

Object/animal/substance: aircraftEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operationAviat PITTS S-1T: 1 caseAll aircraft: 116 casesProbable cause

N27GM · Rutan Varieze

Attention/monitoring: task monitoring/vigilancePersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftMason Gerald W VARIEZE: 1 caseAll aircraft: 330 casesProbable cause
Attention/monitoring: monitoring environmentPersonnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraftMason Gerald W VARIEZE: 1 caseAll aircraft: 809 casesProbable cause
Object/animal/substance: aircraftEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operationMason Gerald W VARIEZE: 1 caseAll aircraft: 116 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

N27GM · Rutan Varieze

Analysis

The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped biplane had landed and was taxiing to his hangar while monitoring the control tower frequency. The pilot did not perform S-turns during his taxi and was not informed of another airplane in his proximity. The pilot of a low-wing airplane was parked near a movement boundary area. He watched the biplane taxi down the taxiway without performing S-turns. The pilot of the low-wing airplane had previously contacted the ground controller and was not informed of the taxiing biplane. The biplane impacted the low-wing airplane, resulting in substantial damage to the low-wing airplane and minor damage to the biplane. The pilot of the biplane stated that he had limited forward visibility, and he may have prevented the accident had he made more S-turns, and if both airplanes had been on the same frequency at the time of the collision. Both pilots stated that there were no mechanical problems with their respective airplanes.

Factual narrative

On January 19, 2019, at 0850 Pacific standard time, an Aviat Pitts S-1T, N31WK, collided with an experimental Rutan VariEze, N27GM, while taxiing at Zamperini Field Airport (TOA), Torrance, California. The pilot of the Pitts was not injured; the airplane sustained minor damage. The pilot of the VariEze sustained minor injuries; the airplane was substantially damaged. Both airplanes were operated as Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flights. According to the pilot of the VariEze, he had taxied from his hangar to an area just short of the movement boundary area past the east end of taxiway alpha. At this point, the pilot made his initial radio transmission to ground control for clearance to taxi to the runway. After a second radio transmission, the pilot saw the Pitts taxiing in his direction on taxiway A. The pilot stated that the airplane was directly on centerline and was not performing S-turns. He had also not received any radio transmissions from the ground controller and was not concerned as it was common for airplanes to taxi back to runway 29 via A and make a turn at taxiway J, which was before his location; however, when the Pitts passed the turn to J, he realized that a collision was imminent. The pilot stated that his airplane was stationary at the time of the collision. The pilot reported no mechanical problems that would have precluded normal operation. According to the pilot of the Pitts, after landing, he reported to the tower controller’s query that he was going to the east T-hangars. He was instructed to taxi via taxiways F and A to the hangars and to remain on tower frequency. The pilot stated that he was not notified of his proximity to the other airplane. The pilot reported that his airplane had limited forward visibility, and he may have prevented the accident had he made more S-turns, and if both airplanes had been on the same frequency at the time of the collision. The pilot reported no mechanical problems that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft · 2

Registration
N31WK
Reported as
Pitts S1 (T)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
1060
Built
1995
Airframe hours
348.5
Engine
Lycoming AEIO-360-A1E, 200 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Minor damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal; Standard, Aerobatic
Last inspection
Annual · July 7, 2018
Departed
TOA · Torrance, CA
Destination
TOA · Torrance, CA
Airport
TOA · Zamperini Field
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Registration
N27GM
Reported as
Rutan Varieze (No Series)
Category
Airplane, amateur-built
Serial number
1053
Built
1980
Airframe hours
1,167
Engine
Continental O-200-A, 100 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Special, Experimental (Special)
Last inspection
Condition · January 13, 2018
Departed
TOA · Torrance, CA
Destination
TOA · Torrance, CA
Airport
TOA · Zamperini Field
Equipment
Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Electronic primary flight display

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot, aircraft N31WK
Age
60
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 18, 2019
Restraint
5-point
Flight hours
1,500 total · 310 in this make and model · 100 as pilot in command · 15 in the last 90 days · 4 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours
Role
Pilot, aircraft N27GM
Age
28
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Front
Restraint
4-point
Flight hours
124 total · 41 in this make and model · 86 as pilot in command · 13 in the last 90 days · 5 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
Calm
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
63 °F, dew point 46 °F
Altimeter
30.20 inHg
Observed at
TOA

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 10, 2021, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 10.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 2

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.