- Date
- August 18, 2022, 10:35 local (17:35 UTC)
- Place
- El Cajon, CA
- Injuries
- 1 serious
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Phase of flight
- Approach
- Aircraft
- N1097DCessna 195
- Defining event
- Approach: Fuel exhaustion
- Weather
- Visual (VMC) · Day
- Status
- Completed
- Report
- Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class
- Class 3
- NTSB office
- Western Pacific Region
- Parties
- Federal Aviation Administration
- FAA report
- 20220818014739A
- Case key
- 105761
From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.
On this page
Probable cause
The pilot’s failure to verify the fuel quantity prior to departure, which led to a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
Findings · 5
NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.
Sequence of events
The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.
Analysis
The airplane had recently undergone maintenance, during which time the mechanic removed the fuel from the wings. The pilot stated that after completing the maintenance, the mechanic told him that he added the fuel back in the wings, so the pilot did not add any additional fuel. The pilot checked the quantity on the fuel gauges, but they were erroneous. He did not verify the quantity by doing a visual check of the actual fluid onboard. After departure, the engine stopped producing power due to fuel exhaustion. The pilot made an off-airport landing on a freeway and the airplane came to rest adjacent to an onramp, about three miles short of the runway.
Factual narrative
On August 18, 2022, at 1035 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 195, N1097D, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near El Cajon, California. The pilot sustained serious injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The pilot reported that the airplane had recently undergone maintenance. The mechanic performing the maintenance stated that he removed the right wing as part of a repair. He additionally drained all the fuel from both wings to enable him to re-seal both wings’ fuel sending units. The pilot further stated that after completing the maintenance, the mechanic told him that he added the fuel back in the wings, adding about seven gallons in each tank. The pilot did not add any additional fuel. The pilot added that the accident flight was the first flight after the maintenance. He intended to depart Gillespie Field, San Diego, California, and stay in the traffic pattern. At 1023, the airplane departed from runway 27R. At 1033 the pilot declared an emergency to air traffic control stating he had experienced a full electrical failure. He maneuvered the airplane back toward the runway and the engine suddenly stopped producing power. He attempted to restart the engine to no avail. He made an off-airport landing on a freeway and the airplane came to rest adjacent to an onramp, about three-miles short of the runway. The recovery personnel stated that they recovered about 3-3.5 gallons of fuel at the accident site. The Federal Aviation Administration inspector stated that there was no fuel leakage at the accident site. The pilot stated that although he checked the quantity on the fuel gauges, they were erroneous. He did not verify the quantity by doing a visual check of the actual fuel on board. He reported that the mechanic had stolen the fuel and didn’t add it back to the wing tanks. The pilot reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.
Aircraft
- Registration
- N1097D
- Reported as
- Cessna 195
- Category
- Airplane
- Serial number
- 7721
- Built
- 1951
- Engine
- Jacobs R755A, 300 hp, reciprocating
- Damage
- Substantial damage
- Flight
- Personal · Part 91
- Airworthiness certificate
- Standard, Normal
- Last inspection
- Continuous airworthiness · October 24, 2021 · 0 hours before
- Destination
- Same as departure
- Airport
- SEE · Gillespie Fld, runway 27R, 5,342 × 100 ft, asphalt
- Equipment
- None
Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.
Flight crew
As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.
- Role
- Pilot
- Age
- 65
- Injuries
- Serious
- Certificate
- Commercial
- Airplane ratings
- Single-engine land, Single-engine sea
- Instrument ratings
- Airplane
- Medical
- BasicMed, Without waivers/limitations
- Last flight review
- June 10, 2022
- Seat
- Left
- Restraint
- 4-point
- Flight hours
- 1,850 total · 60 in this make and model · 1,850 as pilot in command
Weather
- Conditions
- Visual (VMC) · Day
- Wind
- Calm
- Temperature
- 84 °F, dew point 64 °F
- Altimeter
- 29.93 inHg
- Observed at
- 3 nm away
Docket · 3
The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 25, 2024, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 25.4 MB in all.
FAA reports on this event · 1
The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.