2118193 AC 141-1A briefing area must meet the requirements of FAR g 141.43. Based on these requirements, the following criteria apply:
a. Adequate shelter for students waiting to engage in training flights;
b. A properly equipped area for the conduct of student briefings. Equipment should include tables of adequate size to lay out aeronautical charts for planning purposes and a chalkboard or dry-erase marker board. In addition, if a Flight Service Station (FSS) or weather bureau is not within a short distance to the school, the school must provide a private landline or telephone communication in the briefing room to the nearest FAA FSS or weather bureau if the school offers instrument or commercial pilot courses;
c. The briefing area shouki be located close enough to the airport where training flights originate to preclude a disruption of schedules because of excessive travel, and a lack of communications between the flight line, business office, and briefing area; and
d. Although no other school may use the area when it is to be used by the applicant, there is no objection to other pilots using the briefing facilities provided orderly school functions are maintained. Briefing areas are subject to FAA approval under the provisions of FAR 5 141.55(a)(4).
13. GROUND TRAINING FACILITIES.
The FAA recognizes that pilot training methods differ from other kinds of training. Pilot schools enroll students with very different backgrounds, goals, and degrees of motivation and aviation experience. For this reason, it is understandable that it is not always possible to schedule large classes for ground training at one time.
Individual instruction is often necessary for a particular student to receive the maximum benefit. Therefore, it is anticipated that FAA-approved schools will use classrooms, small isolated rooms, or training booths. Each ground training area is required to be heated, lighted, and ventilated to meet the applicable building code requirements of the area concerned. All ground instructional facilities are subject to approval by the FAA under FAR 5 141.55(a).
14. CONTINUOUS USE OF FACILITIES.
An approved school is required to have the continuous use of an airport and a pilot briefing area. This requirement can be met by the school having a written agreement showing that it has continuous use of those facilities for 6 months at the time of certification or renewal of its certificate.
15. AIRCRAFT. As specified in FAR § 141.39, each aircraft used by an FAA-approved school for pilot training is required to be a registered civil aircraft of the United States. If the aircraft is not owned by the school, the school should show, through appropriate documentation, that it has a use agreement with the owner. An exclusive use lease is not required; use that would allow the school to make the aircraft available for students to meet the training course objectives meets the intent of a TCO approval. Further, it is not required that a lease agreement be for a specified minimum period of time. Training aircraft must be certificated in the standard airworthiness category except aircraft used for a course of training in agricultural aircraft operations, external load operations and similar aerial work operations;
e.g., banner towing, sky writing, etc. In such courses, the school may use aircraft certificated in the restricted category. No other special airworthiness certificate is acceptable.
a. Inspection of Aircraft. An aircraft used by an FAA-approved school for flight training Par 12 5
is required to be inspected and maintained in accordance with the requirements of FAR Part 91. FAR § 91.409 applies to aircraft used to give flight instruction for hire. In effect, this requires aircraft used in an approved course of training to have loo-hour and annual inspections, or be maintained under a procedure prescribed under FAR 5 9 1.409(c). Aircraft used exclusively for solo flights must also meet these inspection requirements.
b. When a student enrolled in an approved school provides an aircraft to be used by the school, that aircraft is required to meet the equipment requirements of the training aircraft described in the appropriate FAA- approved TCO. In addition, it will be required to meet the same inspection requirements as all other aircraft used by the school.
16. CHECKLISTS. A broad cross section of airplanes is used in pilot training; some are uncomplicated while others are more complex.
The requirement for a checklist defined in the terms of “pretakeoff’ and “prelanding” in FAR 0 141.75(a) is broad and considers less complicated aircraft. However, it is always a good operating practice to expand upon checklists as aircraft become more complicated.
Even though an aircraft is relatively uncomplicated, teaching the use of a more complex checklist is an excellent means to instill in students the habit of using a checklist. This habit will carry over when they progress to larger, more complex aircraft.
17. OPERATOR’S HANDBOOK. Under FAR 5 141.75, when an operator’s handbook or Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) is provided by the manufacturer, it must be carried aboard the aircraft. A school may elect to issue copies of aircraft checklists and operators’ handbooks to students. In that case, these checklists and operators’ handbooks must be aboard the aircraft when it is used by the student. The handbook’s primary purpose is to provide the pilot with performance data, servicing instructions, weight and balance information, etc.
Some operators’ handbooks contain checklists.
These checklists, while useful in developing a printed checklist, are not desirable for use as a checklist per se. Normally, such handbooks are not readily available to the pilot and during emergency procedure training or during an actual emergency, particularly when there is only one pilot aboard the aircraft, the pilot would be required to fly the aircraft while searching through a book for the checklist.
18. CHIEF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR. Each FAA-approved school will be required to designate a chief instructor for each training course. That chief instructor is required to meet the appropriate requirements prescribed under FAR 8 141.35. A chief instructor may serve in that capacity for more than one approved course, but not for more than one school.
19. ASSISTANT CHIEF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR. Each FAA-approved school must designate an assistant chief instructor for each of its satellite bases. In addition, one or more assistant chief instructors for a course or courses of training may be designated at any base if justified by the number of students involved, the complexity of the course, or the numbers of hours a day during which training is conducted. In the latter case, the FAA will approve the use of assistant chief instructor(s) when approving individual TCO’s. An assistant chief instructor must meet the requirements of FAR 8 141.36 and may be delegated specific responsibilities by the chief instructor. An assistant chief instructor is allowed to serve in that capacity for more than one approved course, but not for more than one school. An assistant chief instructor may be assigned to more than one satellite base, but would not 6 Par 15
2118193 AC 14191A be allowed to serve at more than one base instructor has given ground school instruction at concurrently. that school for the required period of time.
20. INSTRUCTORS. Each ground or flight instructor used in a course of instruction is required to be the holder of a ground or flight instructor certificate, as appropriate, with the necessary ratings for the instruction to be given.
However, instructors who are not certificated
23. CHIEF AND ASSISTANT CHIEF
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICA- TIONS. A chief flight instructor or an assistant chief flight instructor is required by FAR Part 141 to meet the requirements listed below.
However, for a course of training for gliders, free balloons, or airships, only 40 percent of the flight time requirements need be met.
may only be used for ground certain provisions described $ 141.81.
21. OTHER EMPLOYEES.
training under under FAR Each FAA- approved school is required by the rules to ensure that dispatchers, service personnel, or other persons assigned responsibilities with the school are adequately instructed in the procedures and responsibilities of their employment. Compliance with this requirement may be accomplished through verbal instruction, manuals, or any other means decided upon by the school. The FAA may, under FAR $ 141.21, at any time inspect any personnel to determine that they have been instructed in their responsibilities and are competent to perform their duties. Qualified operations personnel, including flight instructors, may serve in more than one capacity with the school. For example, a school may wish to use a flight instructor as a dispatcher or a ground instructor.
22. CHIEF AND ASSISTANT CHIEF
GROUND INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICA- TIONS. A chief ground instructor or assistant chief ground instructor must have had at least 1 year of experience as a ground school instructor in an FAA-approved pilot school.
This may be shown by having the instructor present a record of teaching accomplishments covering a period of 1 year in an FAA-approved pilot school, or by presenting a letter from an FAA-approved pilot school stating that the
a. Private Pilot Certificate or Rating Course(s).
(1) Commercial pilot or airline transport pilot certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with a rating for category and class of aircraft used in the course of training; and
(i) For a chief flight instructor, at least 1,000 hours as PIC, or
(ii) For an assistant chief flight instructor, at least 500 flight hours as PIC; and
(2) Experience in primary flight instruction acquired as either a certificated flight instructor, or an instructor in a military pilot primary flight training program, or a combination of both consisting of:
(i) For a chief flight instructor, at least 2 years experience and a total of 500 flight instruction hours or a total of 1,000 flight hours; and
(ii) For an assistant chief flight instructor, at least 1 year of experience as a flight instructor and a total of 250 flight hours, or a total of 500 flight hours.
Par 19 7
AC 141~1A 2/18/93
b. Instrument Rating Course(s) or a Course of Training Leading to Instrument Privileges.
(1) A commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating, or an airline transport pilot certificate, and a valid flight instructor certificate with an instrument rating; and
(i) For a chief flight instructor, at least 100 hours of flight time under actual or simulated instrument conditions;
(ii) For an assistant chief flight instructor, at least 50 hours of flight time under actual or simulated instrument conditions; and
(iii) For a chief flight instructor, at least 1,000 hours as PIC;
(iv) For an assistant chief flight instructor, at least 500 hours as PIC; and
(2) Instrument flight instructor experience acquired as either a certificated instrument flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot basic or instrument flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of:
(i) For chief flight instructor, at least 2 years experience and a total of 250 flight hours, or a total of 400 flight hours; and
(ii) For an assistant chief flight instructor, at least 1 year of experience and a total of 125 flight hours, or a total of 200 flight hours.
c. For all courses of training other than those that lead to the issuance of a private pilot certificate or a rating, or an instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, a chief flight instructor or assistant chief flight instructor must have:
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with an appropriate category and class rating for the aircraft used in the course of training; and
(2) For a course of training using airplanes or airships, an instrument rating on the instructor’s commercial pilot certificate; and
(i) For a chief flight instructor, at least 2,000 hours as PIC;
(ii) For an assistant chief flight instructor, at least 1,000 hours as PIC; and
(3) Flight instruction experience acquired as either a certificated flight instructor, or an instructor in a military pilot primary or basic flight training program or a combination thereof, consisting of at least:
(i) For chief flight instructor, 3 years experience and a total of 1,000 flight hours, or a total of 1,500 flight hours.
(ii) For an assistant chief flight instructor, 11~ years experience and a total of 500 flight hours, or a total of 750 flight hours.
d. FAR $5 141.35 and 141.36 contain several references to primary and basic flight instruction under the flight instruction experience requirements. Historically, under FAR Part 141, primary flight instruction refers to flight instruction given to applicants seeking their private pilot certificate or rating, and basic flight instruction refers to flight instruction given to applicants seeking higher certificates or ratings.
e. Schools should keep in mind that approved courses of training that combine both basic and instrument flying skills; e.g., a type rating without limitations, would require a 8 Par 23
2118193 AC 14blA chief flight instructor or an assistant chief flight instructor to meet more than one general requirement listed under FAR 5 141.35 or FAR 5 141.36, as the case may be. This must be considered when developing that type of training course.
jI A chief jiight instructor or an assistant chief flight instructor is required to pass a practical test on FAR Parts 141, 61, and 91, and on the training standards and objectives of the course for which the flight instructor is designated. In addition, the individual must pass a practical test on the flight procedures and maneuvers appropriate to each course of training for which the individual is designated, but it is not necessary to repeat the procedures and maneuvers that are common to more than one course of training.
24. CHIEF INSTRUCTOR RESPONSIBIL- ITIES. FAR Part 141 outlines specific responsibilities for a chief instructor. The actual accomplishment of some of these responsibilities may be delegated to an assistant chief instructor or other appropriately qualified instructors. The conduct of initiul and annual quulifjication checks of flight instructors and final phase checks may only be delegated to an assistant chief flight instructor. All delegation of responsibility should be documented in appropriate school records. The ultimate responsibility for each function remains with the chief instructor. The necessity for a chief instructor to fulfill these responsibilities completely and accurately cannot be overemphasized. The need for proper certification of training records, graduation certificates, stage and final test reports becomes extremely important before a student graduates from a course of training or terminates training to attend another school. When giving a stage or final test, “student recommendations,” as discussed in FAR $ 141,85(a)(l), should be complete and definitive with respect to additional training needed, if any. Chief instructors should continue to update and improve the courses of training for which they are responsible whenever deficiencies in the course, or needed changes in training standards, become apparent. Chief instructors are invited to seek assistance and guidance from FAA inspectors when resolving problems that concern responsibilities.
25. CHIEF AND ASSISTANT CHIEF
INSTRUCTOR AVAILABILITY - DIRECT SUPERVISION. The general requirement that instruction be given under the direct supervision of the chief or assistant chief instructor, and the requirement that the chief or assistant chief instructor be available when instruction is given, are listed under Ground Training, FAR 5 141.8 l(b)(2); Chief Instructor Responsibilities, FAR 0 141.85(b); and Satellite Bases, FAR 5 141.91(a) and (c). For the purpose of FAR Part 141, the term “direct supervision” would require that the chief or assistant chief instructor be present at the base when instruction is being given (this will only involve ground training given by noncertificated instructors). However, flight and ground instructors who have established their qualifications through certification do not require supervision from the chief instructor to the same extent as the noncertificated instructor. Therefore, the chief or assistant chief instructor need only be available for consultation at the school’s base of operation when instruction is given in an approved course of training, without necessarily having to be present at the base. “Available” can mean accessibility via telephone, radio, or other electronic means including beepers or page systems. This is consistent with the provision for satellite bases (FAR 3 141.91) that requires that an assistant chief instructor be designated for each satellite base to ensure that the necessary supervision for each base is provided (see paragraph 32).
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AC 141~1A 2/18/93
26. CHANGE OF CHIEF INSTRUCTOR.
Under FAR 5 141.87, when an FAA-approved school makes any change of a chief instructor, the FAA FSDO having jurisdiction over the school shall be notified immediately, in writing, of this change. The school may continue to train students under an approved course of training without a chief flight instructor for a period of 60 days. However, during the time the school is without a chief flight instructor, an FAA inspector or designated pilot examiner must be present to administer each stage or final test.
Using the approved training syllabus, the FAA inspector or designated pilot examiner should be familiar with the specific areas to be tested. The test results should be given to the operator of the school for inclusion in the appropriate student files.
27. CHIEF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR REFRESHER COURSE. FAR 9 141.79(c) states that each chief flight instructor must complete, at 1lzast once each 12 months, a flight instructor refresher course consisting of not less than 24 hours of ground or flight instruction, or both. For the purpose of implementing this requirement, a chief instructor may wish to attend an FAA-approved, industry-sponsored, and industry-conducted Flight Instructor Refresher Clinic (FIRC). For chief instructors who are also designated pilot examiners, the 20 hours of recurrent training required at an FAA-conducted Examiner Standardization Course may be applied to the 24.hour requirement as indicated in FAR $ 141.79(c). A chief flight instructor who can show satisfactory completion of at least 12 hours
(i.e., 4 complete quarters of Jeppesen Sanderson FIRC course material) within the past 12 months may credit that 12 hours toward the 24 hours of instruction required under FAR 5 141.79(c).
This 12 hours (4 complete quarters) of instruction must then be supplemented with an additional 12 hours of acceptable instruction gained within the past 12 months to show compliance under FAR $ 141.79(c).
28. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RESPONSI- BILITIES. FAR Part 141 also requires that all flight instructors be qualified to teach each course of training to which they are assigned and, in addition, prescribes certain knowledge and proficiency tests to be accomplished prior to being assigned to an approved training course.
Each flight instructor must satisfactorily accomplish a flight check given by the chief or assistant chief flight instructor for each training course the instructor teaches. The instructor is also required to accomplish such a flight check for each training course in which the instructor participates every 12 months thereafter.
To further ensure that a flight instructor is appropriately qualified, the instructor is required to accomplish satisfactorily a flight check in each type of aircraft (e.g., Cessna 150, Piper PA-28) prior to giving any flight instruction in that aircraft. The instructor need not be given a flight check in each type of aircraft annually.
In addition, each instructor, who teaches an approved course of training, must be briefed on the objectives and standards of the course. An instructor may, at any time, be asked by an FAA aviation safety inspector to explain the objectives and standards for an approved course of training to which the instructor is assigned. Records of such instructor briefings received and flight checks given should be kept in the permanent school records at the home base of operations.
An additional responsibility placed upon flight instructors and students alike is the requirement that no student pilot may be authorized to begin a solo practice flight from an airport until the flight has been approved by an authorized flight instructor who is present at the airport. Solo cross-country flights, when properly dispatched from the originating airport, would be considered to have approval for the entire flight. However, if the student should be delayed en route because of unexpected weather or mechanical delays, the school should arrange for another instructor based at the point of delay to redispatch the 10 PZU-26
2118193 AC 14111A flight, or have a school instructor dispatch the flight by telephone. Emergency handling can be accomplished by prearrangement with other schools or fixed-base operators.
29. CREDIT FOR PREVIOUS TRAINING.
As specified in FAR 5 141.77(b), when a student transfers from one FAA-approved school to another, course credits obtained in the previous course of training may be credited in all or part by the receiving school. The receiving school should determine the amount of credits to be allowed by flight check or written test, or both.
A student may not be credited with more training by the receiving school than the student was credited with at the school from which he/she transferred. In addition, as discussed in paragraph 34, in order for a student to graduate from a course of training under a school’s examining authority, all training for that particular course must have been completed at that school. A student who enrolls in a course of training may be credited for not more than 50 percent of the curriculum requirements for knowledge and experience gained in other than an FAA-approved pilot school. In any case, the amount of credit for previous training allowed, whether received from an FAA-approved school or other source, should be placed in the student’s enrollment record at the time of enrollment.
When a student transfers from one FAA- approved school to another, or terminates training for any reason, the student must be given, upon request, a transcript of the results of the student’s participation in the course of training which was interrupted. Such a transcript should consist of at least the following:
a. The name of the school that gave the training, including the school’s certificate number.
b. The type and amount of training given (dual, solo, ground school, ground trainer time, etc.).
c. The type of training course involved.
d. The results of each stage and final test given.
e. A statement that the student was enrolled in the other school’s approved training course before the student received the instruction and training.
Note: The transcript should be certified by the chief flight instructor for that course of training.
30. ENROLLMENT. When a student is enrolled in an approved course of training, FAR 5 141.93 requires that the student be furnished with the following information and materials:
a. A certificate of enrollment containing the course name in which the student is enrolled and the date of enrollment.
6. A copy of the training syllabus required under FAR 3 141.55(b).
c. A copy of the safety procedures and practices developed by the school; e.g., fire drill instructions, procedures for the use of training aids, off-limits areas, handling of aircraft, parking instructions, and other safety instructions deemed necessary by the school, which must include the following:
(1) Weather minimums required for dispatching dual and solo flights. For example, minimum ceiling, visibility, and wind velocities for local flights and specific weather minimums for cross-country flights.
(2) Procedures for starting and taxiing aircraft on the ramp.
Par 28 11
(3) Fire precautions and procedures.
(4) Redispatch procedures after unprogrammed landings on and off airports.
This should include emergency security of the aircraft and a list of telephone numbers of persons to contact.
(5) Procedures for listing aircraft discrepancies and the following corrective action, including the importance of not using an aircraft with a listed discrepancy until a properly qualified person determines its airworthiness.
use.
(6) Securing of aircraft when not in
(7) Fuel reserves necessary for local and cross-country flights.
(8) Avoidance of other aircraft in flight and on the ground.
(9) Minimum altitude limitations and instructions concerning simulated forced landings. Certain minimum altitudes may be specified for teaching and practicing stalls or other maneuvers. Instructions should be clear on simulated emergency landings with respect to prolonged engine operation at reduced power settings, engine response with rapid throttle application, and a specific minimum altitude for terminating simulated emergency landings, including limitations on the solo practice of emergency landings and other instructions deemed necessary by the school.
(10) Descriptions and diagrams of assigned practice areas, including special instructions with respect to routes and minimum altitudes en route.
(11) Any instructions or guidance the school believes necessary to provide the highest standards of safety and operational control expected of an FAA-approved school.
d. A school is required by FAR Part 141 to forward a copy of each enrollment certificate within 5 days to the FAA FSDO having jurisdiction over the school. These enrollment certificates are required to be mailed promptly because some approved training courses are of a very short duration and therefore the FAA has only the minimum amount of time to conduct possible surveillance of the training.
31. AIRPORTS. The airport requirements for FAA-approved pilot schools are identified in FAR 5 141.37.
a. An applicant for a pilot school or a provisional pilot school certificate must have the continuous use of each airport at which training flights originate.
b. If authorizations for airplanes or gliders are sought, at least one runway or takeoff area that allows the training aircraft to make a normal takeoff or landing at maximum gross weight is required. This requirement is established under the following conditions:
(1) Calm wind (not more than 5 miles per hour) and temperatures equal to the mean high temperature for the hottest month of the year in the operating area.
(2) All obstacles in the takeoff flight path must be cleared by at least 50 feet.
(3) Normal powerplant, landing gear, and flap operations must be used when complying with (1) and (2) above.
(4) A smooth transition from lift-off to the best rate of climb speed without the need for exceptional piloting skills or techniques must be possible.
12 Par 30
c. Each airport is required to have a wind direction indicator that is visible from the ends of each runway at ground level.
d. Each airport is required to have a traffic pattern indicator (defined in the Airman3 Information Manual (AIM)) when the airport has no operating control tower and UNICOM advisories are not available.
e. Each airport used for night training flights must have permanent runway lights.
32. SATELLITE BASES. As specified in FAR 6 141.91, an FAA-approved school may conduct ground or flight training and instruction in an approved course of training at a satellite base other than its main operations base. An assistant chief flight instructor must be designated for each satellite base. The airport facilities and personnel used at the satellite base must meet the requirements of FAR Part 141.
The approval of the satellite base and its facilities must also be specified in the approved TCO for courses given at that base. If training is to be conducted for more than 7 consecutive days at a satellite base which is not included and approved in a TCO, then written notification to the FAA FSDO having geographical jurisdiction over the school at the satellite location must be made. Operators who plan to conduct pilot training at locations other than the main base of operations need not apply for additional pilot school certificates. However, they must amend their current certificate to reflect the satellite base by notifying the FAA FSDO having jurisdiction over the main base. Satellite locations are considered part of the main base of operations and allow schools to offer identical training programs at various locations.
Instructors at all training locations are encouraged to respond to policy set by a central chief flight instructor while maintaining the standards set forth in a master TCO. FAA certificate-holding offices will coordinate efforts to ensure that certification of applicants is standardized within their district office area and that the necessary work program functions are accomplished.
33. APPLICATION FOR EXAMINING AUTHORITY. Application for examining authority is made, in duplicate, on FAA Form 8420-8 (OMB 04-RO204). The appropriate block should be checked for each course of training for which examining authority is sought.
Only the holder of a pilot school certificate may apply for authority to conduct written and/or practical tests of their own graduates for the issuance of pilot certificates and ratings without further testing by the FAA. The authority to test graduates for airline transport pilot or flight instructor certificates or turbojet type ratings is not authorized under FAR Part 141. The facilities, equipment, and maintenance standards for certificated pilot schools with examining authority are identical to those for other FAA certificated pilot schools.
34. EXAMINING AUTHORITY PRIVI- LEGES. FAR 5 141.65 provides that a pilot school with examining authority for a course or courses of training may recommend graduates of those courses for pilot certificates and ratings without taking the FAA practical or written test, or both, in accordance with FAR Part 141 Subpart D. It should be noted that under FAR 5 141.67, in order for a school to graduate a student from a course of training under their examining authority, the student must complete all training at the school for that particular course. No credit will be allowed for training given by another school or for previous flight experience.
35. WRITTEN TESTS. When a pilot school requests approval of written tests to be given as the final written test, it should submit two copies of the test to the FAA FSDO having jurisdiction over the area in which the holder of the Par 31 13
AC 141~1A 2118193 examining authority is located. The FSDO will return the written test to the school with the principal operations inspector (POI) or FSDO manager’s signature on each page, along with the date the test was approved. If the test is not approved, it will be returned to the school with a letter from the inspector indicating the changes that are necessary for approval. A pilot school should allow at least 60 days for approval of a written test. The development and security of written tests are covered in FAA Order 8700.1, General Aviation Operations Inspector’s Handbook, and FAA Order 8080.1, Conduct of Airmen Written Tests, current edition.
36. AMENDMENTS OR CHANGES TO AN APPROVED TEST. Amendments or changes to an approved, final written test will be processed in the same manner as the original application for approval of a written test.
37. USE OF FINAL WRITTEN TESTS. The approved school should make every effort to provide the maximum security for approved written tests. An FAA inspector may examine the security system of a school to determine if proper security is maintained for the written tests. The regulation points out that a written test may not be used if the school or the FAA has reason to believe it has been compromised.
38. SPECIAL CURRICULA. Under FAR 8 141.57, an applicant for an FAA-approved pilot school or provisional pilot school certificate, or the holder of an FAA-approved pilot school or provisional pilot school certificate, may apply for approval to use a special curriculum; i.e., one not prescribed in the appendixes of FAR Part 141. The school must show that the special curriculum contains features that can be expected to achieve a level of pilot competency equivalent to the level achieved by the curriculum prescribed in the appendixes of FAR Part 141, or the appropriate requirements of FAR Part 61. Two copies of the special curriculum should be submitted to the FAA FSDO having jurisdiction over the school at least 60 days before any training under the curriculum is scheduled to begin. The special curriculum should be accompanied by a cover letter explaining clearly how it will meet or exceed the requirements prescribed for a similar course in the appendixes of FAR Part 141.
Submission of a special curriculum 60 days before any training under the curriculum is scheduled to begin allows time for the FSDO to approve the curriculum before the applicant develops the TCO. The TCO must be submitted for approval 30 days before training under the course is scheduled to begin.
39. GRADUATION CERTIFICATE. FAR 8 141.95 requires that a graduation certificate be issued to each student who successfully completes an approved course of training. Each graduation certificate must contain at least the following information:
a. The nume of the school, including the number of the school certificate.
b. The name of the graduate to whom the certificate is issued.
c. The course of training for which it is issued.
d. The date of graduation.
e. A statement that the student has satisfactorily completed each required stage of the approved course of training, including the tests for those stages.
J A statement showing the cross-country training the student received in the course of training.
g. A certification of the information contained in the certificate by the chief instructor for that course of training.
14 Par 35
40. TRAINING COURSE OUTLINES - GENERAL. An FAA-approved school or applicant for an FAA-approved school must obtain FAA approval of the outline for each training course for which certification and rating is sought.
,4pplication for approval of a TCO should be made at least 30 days before any training under the course is scheduled to begin.
The application should include two copies of each TCO for which approval is sought, and a cover letter for each course requesting approval.
Two copies of FAA Form 8420-8 will be required if the approval of a particular TCO places a rating on the school certificate.
Amendment of an existing, approved TCO is accomplished in the same manner as a request for initial approval and should include two copies of the pages to be amended and two cover letters specifying the pages in the TCO that the school wishes to amend.
approve each of them. The producer of a commercially developed syllabus may choose to change the syllabus. If a pilot school wishes to amend its syllabus accordingly, it must obtain FAA approval.
a. When a TCO has been approved, the original copy will be returned to the school with each page signed and dated by the PO1 or manager of the FSDO having jurisdiction over the school.
41. COMPLIANCE WITH THE APPROVED TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE. When a TCO has been approved by the FAA, FAR Part 141 requires that the school giving instruction or training to a student enrolled in that approved course of training comply with all of the approved course of training. Therefore, when a school finds that it can no longer comply with an approved training course for any reason;
e.g., a change or loss of aircraft, personnel (except as provided under FAR $ 141.87), facilities, or equipment, it must immediately cease giving instruction or training under that course until the necessary corrective action is taken and, if needed, the appropriately amended TCO is approved by the FSDO. If there is any question about whether training should be discontinued under a certain approved course, the FAA FSDO having jurisdiction over the school should be consulted immediately.
6. When an amendment of an approved 42. TRAINING COURSE OUTLINES - TCO is submitted for approval, the FSDO will CONTENT. Under FAR 5 141.55(a), each TCO review the proposed changes and, if they are must have sufficient content to meet the satisfactory, sign, date, and return the original appropriate curriculum requirements, and must pages of the amendment(s) to the school. contain the following information:
c. Commercially Developed Training SyZWus. A school may elect to purchase a commercially developed syllabus and present it for FAA approval. The school should fully understand the objectives and the standards of the syllabus and be able to actually give training as described. Once a commercially developed syllabus has been approved by the FAA, a school may use the syllabus as is, and the FAA does not require it to be approved a second time.
If modifications are made, the FAA must
a. A description of each:
(1) Room used for ground training, including size and maximum number of students that may be instructed in the room at one time;
(2) Type of audiovisual aid, projector, tape recorder, mockup, aircraft component, and other special training aid used for ground training;
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AC 14101A 2118193
(3) Pilot ground trainer used for instruction; and
(4) Type of aircraft, including any special equipment, used for each phase of instruction.
6. A listing of airports at which training flights originate, and a description of the facilities, including pilot briefing areas that are available for use by the students and operating personnel at each of those airports.
c. The minimum qualifications and ratings for each instructor used for ground or flight training.
d. A training syllabus for each course of training.
43. TRAINING SYLLABUS CONTENT. A training syllabus is a “building block” progression of learning with provisions for regular review and evaluation at prescribed stages (see appendix 2). A training syllabus must contain the following information:
a. Any prerequisites necessary for enrollment in the course; e.g., minimum pilot certificates and ratings, if any, and the required class of medical certificate or statement of no medical deficiency (required for glider or balloon courses only).
6. Any training, pilot experience, or special knowledge required for enrollment in the course.
c. A description of each lesson, including its objectives and standards, and the measurable unit of student accomplishment or learning to be derived from the lesson or course. The syllabus must include stages of training and the completion standards for each stage. Course, stage, and lesson objectives must be stated in relation to the performance expected of the student.
d. Each course, stage, lesson objective, and completion standard should meet the following general criteria:
(1) Overall objectives must describe what students are expected. to know or be able to do at the end of a particular course, stage, or lesson. They must be stated in terms of desired student learning outcomes.
(2) Course objectives must state in broad terms the knowledge and skill goals to be reached by the student at the end of the course.
(3) Stage objectives must be more limited and must state desired student goals in specific areas of knowledge and skill.
(4) Lesson objectives must clearly specify desired student outcomes for each lesson and must be consistent with the objective of the stage and course.
44. TRAINING AIDS (FAR 0 141.41(b)).
The instructor may elect to use training aids to improve teacher/student communication. Such instruction aids are defined by the Department of Audiovisual Instruction of the National Education Association as “Devices which assist an instructor in the teaching-learning processes by presenting supporting or supplementary material, usually intermittently. They are not self-supporting.” The key factor is that such aids support, supplement, or reinforce. Aids should be easily understood and compatible with the learning outcomes expected in the completion standards for the lesson. Aids have little value in the learning process if they cannot be heard or seen. Recordings of sound should be tested for correct volume and quality in the actual 16 Par 42