2118193 AC 141-1A -. .
environment in which they will be used. Visual aids should be visible to an entire class.
Lettering and illustrations should be large enough to be seen easily by all students. Colors, when used, should be clearly contrasted and easily visible. The effectiveness of aids will be judged by their organization, sequencing, pattern of logic, and their overall effectiveness when used to obtain the objectives and standards prescribed in the training syllabus. Training aids, although valuable, cannot replace the instructor, who must ensure that prescribed training is given and that completion standards are attained.
45. AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION. A school is required under FAR Part 141 to describe the type(s) of aircraft, including any special equipment used for each phase of instruction, in the TCO for each particular course of training for which approval is sought. A particular type of aircraft may be used for one or several courses of training provided that aircraft meets the requirements of FAR 5 141.39 and is not prohibited from performing any of the procedures and maneuvers required by the particular course or portion of the course of training for which it will be used.
46. AIRCRAFT USED FOR INSTRUMENT TRAINING. Aircraft used for instrument training must be equipped as follows to meet the requirements of FAR Part 141:
a. If the approved training syllabus requires flights under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) under FAR Part 9 1, the aircraft used must be one in which instrument flight is authorized by its operating limitations and by its equipment;
6. If the approved training syllabus requires only simulated IFR operations, the aircraft must be equipped and maintained for IFR operations. However, IFR operations need not be authorized by its operating limitations; or
c. An aircraft not completely equippedfor IFR operations may be used for instruction in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference to instruments if it is approved in the TCO. For example, an airplane need only be equipped with appropriate flight instruments needed for the basic instrument portion of a course of training.
47. COMPLEX AIRPLANE REQUIRE- MENTS. The commercial pilot certification course for airplanes and the commercial pilot test course for airplanes, set forth in Appendixes D and E of FAR Part 141, require flight instruction in an airplane with a retractable gear, flaps, a controllable pitch propeller, and powered by at least a 180 horsepower engine. If a school applies for a commercial pilot certification or test course for airplanes with a seaplane-class rating (using seaplanes for the entire course) a special curriculum should be submitted under FAR 8 141.57, which includes the general requirement of Appendix D, Commercial Pilot Certification Course (Airplanes). A complex seaplane will have, at a minimum, operable wing flaps and a controllable pitch propeller. The use of an appropriately equipped amphibious airplane in a commercial pilot certification or test course could qualify a student for both a land and sea class rating, provided the TCO was so approved.
48. GROUND TRAINERS. When a ground trainer is used in an approved training course, the full extent of that use should be clearly stated in the training syllabus and the learning outcomes should be well defined. This is necessary to provide the instructor with proper guidance, and give the FAA a baseline from which to judge the adequacy of the trainer to be used.
a. FAR § 141.41(a)(I) prescribes the requirements for ground trainers that may be used to obtain the maximum flight training credit Par 44 17
AC 14191A 2/18/93 _’ allowed for ground trainers in an approved pilot training course.
b. FAR $141.41(a)(2) provides for the use of ground trainers that do not meet the more complex requirements of FAR 9 141.41(a).
There is a large number of ground trainers currently being used by pilot schools that do not meet all of the requirements in FAR 8 141.41(a).
Because these trainers can be used to provide effective instruction in certain operations required in an approved course of training, provisions for their use have been made. It is imperative that the training syllabus clearly define their use. Because of their limitations, full credit against flight time is not to be allowed for instruction in such trainers. The provisions in Appendixes A, C, D, E, and F allow credit for instruction in ground trainers. However, the credit received in ground trainers not covered under FAR 6 141.41(a)(l) cannot exceed 50 percent of the credit allowed in a ground trainer that does meet all of the requirements of FAR 5 141.41(a)(l).
c. Substitution of a ground training device must be used with discretion when developing a training syllabus that substitutes ground trainer instruction for the flight time required in a complex airplane. Any use of a ground trainer in lieu of flight time in a complex airplane should be justified with clearly stated learning outcomes in the training syllabus that support the skills expected to be learned in such an airplane. A ground trainer may not be used for more than 50 percent of the curriculum requirements related to training required in a complex aircraft. Approval of a TCO which substitutes a ground training device in lieu of a complex airplane will be based on the ability of the ground trainer to provide effective training for this kind of airplane if a ground trainer is to be used.
49. STAGE AND FINAL TESTS. As provided in FAR 0 141.55, during the development of a training syllabus, an appropriate number of stage checks are to be included in both ground training and flight courses to measure the student’s accomplishment for each stage of training. This should ensure standardization and compliance with the approved TCO.
a. Stage checks must be given by the chief flight instructor who is responsible for a particular course of training or by a designated assistant chief flight instructor or appropriately qualified instructors. While stage checks may be delegated to appropriately qualified instructors, final checks may only be given by the chief instructor or assistant chief instructor. Proper entries are to be made in the student’s training record, noting the student’s accomplishments and recommending corrective training, if necessary.
b. The appendixes of FAR Part 141 allow a certain amount of the time acquired during stage and final tests to be credited toward the ground training and flight time required by the particular curriculum. The time required for a stage or final test can vary significantly with each student. Even though only a specific amount of time acquired through these checks may be credited, every effort should be made to provide adequate time for objective and complete testing even though the total course time may exceed the time prescribed in the curriculum.
18 Par 48
AC 141-IA 2/18/93 Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. APPLICATION INFORMATION
GENERAL This appendix contains a sample of the following:
Figure 1. Pilot School Certificate Figure 2. Letter of Intent Figure 3. Application for Pilot School Certificate (FAA Form 8420-8) Figure 4. FAA Letter of Approved Courses Figure 5. FAR Part 141 Certification Process The information used for these samples is solely for illustrative purposes.
AC 14191A Appendix 1 2/18/93
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION &dew TELS210F 1862 BULL RUN ~IIXI,E MANASSAS, VIRGINIA 22030 PRIVA'IEPILMT cmMERcIALPILm
PRIVATE PILDI'TEST OXJRSE INSTRUMENT RATING FLIGHT INSTRUCKlR
AIRLINE'IRANSPORT PILMT 9tzc;lM: APRIL 9, 1991 IjlW-- 7 Ma, AEAFSDo#ZjThis mficatc if3 not l&ransfcrablc, AND ANY YAIOR CHAWGE IN THE BASIC FACILlflES, OR IN THE LOCATION THEREOF, SHALL BE IYMEDIAYELY REPORTED TO THE APPROPRIATE REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADllNlSTRAllON Any alteration of this certificate is punishable by a fine of not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding 3 yews, or both FM Form 80004 (l-67) SUPERSEDES FAA FORM 390.
Figure 1. Pilot School Certificate 2
. 2lw93 AC 1419lA Appendix 1
TRAVIS AVIATION 1862 Bull Run Circle Manassas, Virginia 22030
(703) 4-TRAVIS April 2, 1991 Federal Aviation Administration Washington FSDO 600 West Service Road Chantilly, Virginia 22033 Gentlemen:
This is to notify the Federal Aviation Administration of our intent to become an Approved Pilot School under Part 141 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.
We are prepared to begin operations on April 9, 1991, and are ready for your certification inspection. Enclosed are two copies (an original and a facsimile) of FAA Form 8420-8. We anticipate that operations will be conducted from Hangar 6, Manassas Airport, and from Hangar 1, Centreville Airport. Our primary airport address is Building 3, Airport Road, Manassas, Virginia 22033.
We intend to operate two Cessna 152s, one Cessna 182RF, one PA-32 Piper Seneca, and a Robinson R-22 helicopter.
Mr. Robert Cartwright, holder of Airline Transport Pilot Certificate number 543848384, is the Chief Instructor for all courses and meets the Chief Flight Instructor requirements of FAR § 141.35. I have attached a copy of his pilot resume that may be verified when your inspection is conducted.
Also enclosed are two copies of each Training Course Outline for your review and approval.
Sincerely, Travis E. Lee Owner Figure 2. Letter of Intent 3
AC 14191A Appendix 1 2ml93 APPLICANT - Read submlttol ond signoturc instructions on reverse. Fo-m approved; OMB N O . 04 - R0204 DEPARTMENT 3F TRANSPORTATION - FED CRAL AVIATION AWINISTRATION For FAA Use only
APPLICATION FOR PILOT SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
NAME OF SCHOOL ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL BUSINESS OFFICE Travis E. Lee d/b/a 1862 Eull Run Circle Travis Aviation Manassas, Virginia 22030
LOCATION OF MAIM OPERATIONS BASE Manassas Axport, Fanassas, VA LOCATION OF SATELLITE BASE151 Renewal of Pilot .Shool Certificate and associated ratings currently nurnht-rtb(t 8 which expires on cl without changes to the c-urrcntlv approved course outlines, a with addition of (-(bur%t *I\) Icicntlf ICV~ bclo~ for which approval is requested trhree copres of each course ourlrnc IS errached), including request for examining authority for th r- ( cjurw(c;) appropriately checked; awith delctlon of course.(s) identified bolos from the cwrrlculum. --m-b--- - _ _- Grtificate and ;l)rso~l.~ted rat lnph numhcre4 . which expires on 0 by adding the (*our-t*(<) I*if*nt Ificci below for which approv;ll 14 rcqut*~tc*~f rrhrec c.opre\ ,)I WKh course ourlrne are attached), including wqu-t for c*uamining authori tv \\hc-rc- .~pproprl ,rtc*ly checked; 0 for (it-let Ion of !hc’ c.ourst*cs) IJt-nll !I~*II ttt*Itrtt from the curriculum.
- - ----~
IDENTIFICATION OF TRAINING COURSES -- -- -----_ NOTE: Where cxomrnrng outhorl?y for o course IS dcstrcd, place an ‘X’ in the box odlocenr TO the course jdcnttfrcotton.~---- -- - _ -- n cl cl cl cl 0 Private Pilot Private Pilot Test Course @ --- 11 Instrument P.ating -- Commercial Pilot 51 rl-.__ -.- - Flight Instructor L 1 cl Airline Transport Pilot rl (If more spocc IS needed, conttnue--a - -- ---- -..I (W-3 c-c-rtify that I .arn (WC Jr(*) f.uniliar Hith P,lrt I.11 (If [ht. l-‘c*cic*r~l .\viation Regulations, anti, to the I,tmht of my (out) knowledge, believe thdr mv (our) school rrr~ts the rtyuirc*ments for certif ic-at Ion .I\ pr~+(*ril)c~tl therein.
\ Travis E. LeeSlgnerurd s) and Tt rler s;
April 2, 1991 Owner FOR FM USE ONLY- _-.----- ------ -- CT] APPROVED - 0 a P r~v~~i~rr~l Pilot khw1 Certificute 2 o Pilot School CeHificme, either with orsociated ratings bring the number shown above is i rsued effective 13 DISAPPROVED 1 ad which explrer on - .
n Renew1 ‘-- WI thout ommdments 2 with amendments .-- -e-v.
S I G NA TURE OF APP(~OVINC OFF’CI AL TIT L E m Amendments DATE FAA Form 84ZQ-8 (4-741 Recommtndot,ons of I nspecTor( I 1 on reverse Figure 3. Application For Pilot School Certificate FRONT
. .
AC 141~1A Appendix 1.
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE APPLICANT:
Submu t an orIginal and one copy of this appli cation, comple:ed in full,along with the r~uired number of this form, 10 rhe FAA District Office having iurisdictton ovw the oreo in which the school is lOC0tCd.
uttochmmts where specified on rho face of Stgnoturer on the opplicotlon should be OS foIIowr:
a. Appl~cot~on from a person acting as an individual should be signed by the owner;
b. Appiicotlon from Q partnership should be signed by all partners;
C. Application from o corporation should be signed by the president or such other officers OS authorized by the corpaotion by-lows to sign for the document;
corporation and certified to by the corporate secretory attesting to the authority of the individuolr to sign such o
d. Appllcotion from o company, club, or ossoctotlonshould be signed the orgonirotlon’s by-laws, and attested to by the 5ecretary.
by the prestdent or such other or director os authorized by I3ENTIFICATION OF TRAINING COURSES (Continud)I3ENTIFICATION OF TRAINING COURSES (Continud) NOTE: W~C~C examining ovthwiry for o COUK is ksid, place on ‘X’ in theNOTE: W~C~C examining ovthwiry for o COUK is ksid, place on ‘X’ in the box odjoccnt to the course idtntifiicotion.box odjoccnt to the course idtntificotion rlrl 1313 IIIIII -- ClCl clcl clcl CC11 ---. -- -----. -- -- clcl nn clcl qq clcl nn --- ---- - clcl
FOR OPERATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE FOR AVIONICS INSPECTORS’
SIGNATURES AND DATES , 4.__.. - _. .-_-
OATE DATE OATE Figure 3. Application For Pilot School Certificate (Cont’d.)
BACK 5
AC 14blA Appendix 1 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Washington FSDO GT Building, Suite 112 600 West Service Road Chantilly, Virginia 22033 April 9, 1991 Travis E. Lee, dba Travis Aviation, located at 1862 Bull Run Circle, Manassas, Virginia 22030, is authorized under Air Agency Certificate Number TELS210F to conduct the courses of training listed herein:
Private Pilot Additional Aircraft Ratinq Airplane - SEL Airplane - SEL Rotorcraft - Helicopter Rotorcraft - Helicopter Instrument Ratinq Airplanes Fliqht Instructor Certification Airplane - SE Instrument - Airplane Additional Fliaht Instructor Airplane - SE Airplane - ME Instrument - Airplane Private Test Course Airplane - SEL Commercial Pilot Airplane - SEL Rotorcraft - Helicopter Pilot Refresher Course Private Pilot - Airplane SEL This list of approved courses of training expires on April 30, revoked.
1993, unless superseded, surrendered, suspended, or I 1J”“i”e 6, iJ!$42Wayne B. Wright Manager, AEA FSDO #27 Figure 4. FAA Letter of Approved Courses
2/18/93 FAR Part
PREAPPLI
2/18/93
AC M-IA Appendix 2 APPENDIX 2. SAMPLE PILOT TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE (TCO) This sample private pilot TCO is intended to serve as a general guide for the preparation of a TCO for which FAA approval is sought. Pilot schools may develop their own training syllabus or use a commercially prepared syllabus (see Order 8700.1, Chapter 142, Section 1, Paragraph 7). If a commercially prepared syllabus is used, it must meet the needs of their particular operation; i.e., physical layout of the operation, personnel, aircraft, kinds of training aids available, methods and procedures of operation, and the goals and standards of the school. The content of the training syllabus contained herein is not considered to be the optimum. The syllabus content should be arranged in a manner best suited to the individudl school where training procedures are often dictated by weather, location or specific training needs. This sample contains a training syllabus for both private pilot ground and flight training and is designed to be taught concurrently.
1. A TCO is required by FAR 6 141.55 to meet the minimum curriculum requirements of the course prescribed in the appropriate appendixes of FAR Part 141. If the school elects to submit a TCO, based on a special curriculum approved under FAR 5 141.57, such a course will be approved upon a showing that the course, as outlined, will achieve a level of training prescribed in the approved special curriculum.
2. It is intended that the appendixes of FAR Part 141 include uniform curricula for approved training courses but would not prescribe maneuvers and other details included in the curricula contained in FAR Part 141. This was done to provide flexibility which is necessary and directed by the fact that students trained under FAR Part 141 must be tested under FAR Part 61.
3. From time to time, the FAA may highlight special emphasis items that have been determined to be beneficial to be included in a TCO. Review the TCO’s to determine if such special emphasis items are addressed; if not, consider the inclusion of these items and coordinate with the FAA prior to formal submission of an amended TCO.
AC M-IA Appendix 2 2/18/93
TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE SAMPLE
1. Travis Aviation, located at Manassas Airport, Manassas, Virginia, holds Air Agency Certificate No. TELS21OF, and is owned and operated as:
TRAVIS E. LEE dba
TRAVIS AVIATION 1862 BULL RUN CIRCLE MANASSAS, VA 22030
2. COURSE TITLE. Private Pilot Certification Course - Airplane Single-Engine Land.
3. This TCO meets all of the curriculum requirements for the Private Pilot Certification Course contained in appendix A of FAR Part 141 (describe the approved special curriculum if one is used as a basis for the TCO). These curriculum contents are intended to parallel FAA-S-8081.l A, the Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land Practical Test Standards (PTS).
4. The training syllabus herein contains a separate ground training course and a flight training course which will be taught concurrently.
5. COURSE OBJECTIVE. The student will obtain the knowledge, skill and aeronautical experience necessary to meet the requirements for a private pilot certificate with an airplane category rating and a single-engine land class rating.
6. COMPLETION STANDARD. The student must demonstrate through written tests, practical tests, and through appropriate records that he/she meets the knowledge, skill and experience requirements necessary to obtain a private pilot certificate with an airplane category rating and a single-engine land class rating.
Each individual must satisfactorily complete at least one stage of training within each training period of not more than 90 days.
7. GROUND INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITIES. Ground instructional facilities are located in Hanger No. 12 at the Manassas Airport. They consist of two 25 by 25foot rooms equipped with tables and chairs and instruction booths, as shown in the following diagrams.
A. Training Room No. 1 is equipped with eight 36 by 72-inch tables and chairs to accommodate 16 students. The room is also equipped with a 36 by 60-inch chalk board, a VHS videotape player and
48.inch monitor and an overhead projector and screen. The tables are equipped with a “four-answer” responder system with the master panel located on the instructor’s lectern.
B. (Diagram - Training Room No. 1).
2/18/93 AC 141~1A Appendix 2 C. Training Room No. 2 is equipped with nine individual training booths. Eight booths are equipped with Apex Visual Screens and projectors. One booth is equipped with closed circuit television.
D. (Diagram - Training Room No. 2).
E. The training rooms are well lighted and the temperature is thermostatically controlled. Each room is well ventilated and conforms to the city of Manassas building, sanitation and health codes. The rooms are designed and located so that students will not be distracted by instruction conducted in the other rooms or by flight and maintenance operations at the airport.
8. AIRPORT. Manassas Airport is the main operations base for training in this course. Flight training operations, including the dispatching of flights, will also be conducted at Centreville Airport, Centreville, Virginia. Both airports have hard-surfaced runways and meet the qtiirements of FAR 0 141.37 for day and night flight operations. Each airport has fuel and maintenance services available from 0600-2200.
9. AIRPORT FACILITIES. Each airport is equipped with a pilot briefing area. These are permanent structures located in Hangar 12 at Manassas Airport and in Hangar 1 at Centreville Airport. Both briefing areas are equipped with Direct User Access Terminals (DUATS) and a direct line telephone to the Leesburg Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS). The facilities are used exclusively by students, air taxi pilots, aircraft salesmen, itinerant pilots, and regular customers of Travis Aviation. The briefing areas are 20 by 25.feet and equipped with numerous tables for planning purposes. The briefing areas have a full set of aeronautical charts, including the current AIM. Large wall maps with a mileage indicator depict the entire United States. The local practice areas are shown and described on a detailed chart posted on the wall.
10. AIRCRAFT, Bendix 180 airplanes will be used for all flight training in this course. These aircraft will meet the requirements of FAR 5 141.39. Radio equipment will consist of at least one 360 channel transceiver and at least one VOR and NDB navigational receiver and a 4096 code transponder with Mode C capability. Each airplane is equipped for day and night VFR and IFR flying as specified in FAR 0 91.205.
11. CHIEF FLIGHT INSTRU~OR. (The chief flight instructor for a coume of training should be designated by name in the appropriate TCO. If the school’s qualifications for a chief flight instructor are higher than those listed in FAR 0 141.35, those qualifications should be listed.)
12.
ASSISTANT CHIEF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR(S). (The assistant chief flight instructor(s) for a course of training should be designated by name in the appropriate TCO. If assigned duties at a satellite base, those duties and the specific bases should be listed.)
13. FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS. (The minimum qualifications and ratings for flight instructors should be listed in the TCO.) For example: Each flight instructor assigned to this course must be the holder of at least a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category rating and a single-engine land class rating.
The instructor must be the holder of a flight instructor certificate with an airplane category rating with a 3