Advisory of Transportation U.S. Department Circular Federal Aviation Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF TRANSPORT Date: 11/19/84 AC No: 29-2 CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated by: ASW-110 Change: 1
1. PURPOSE. This change revises existing material in three paragraphs and adds material for 60 paragraphs previously shown as 'RESERVED."
The change number and date of changed material are carried at the top of each page. The asterisks (*) in the right and left margins indicate the beginning and end of each change. Rearranged pages having no new material also carry the change number and new date.
Pages having no changes retain the same heading information. In paragraphs that are entirely new, asterisks appear only in the margins at the beginning and the end of each new page.
2. PRINCIPAL CHANGES.
a. Paragraphs 81, 336, and 762 are revised.
b. New paragraphs 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 are added as Chapter 1 materíal.
New paragraphs 121, 122, 123, 140, 152, 153, 159, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 205, 206, 207, 251, 252, 267, 268, 332, 334, 335, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 485, 487, 498, 499, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 516, 517, 518, 640, 743, 763, 764, 765, and 766 are added to Chapter 2.
AC 29-2, CHG 1 11/19/84
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CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - FAR 21 CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCTS AND PARTS
1.-3. RESERVED
4. FAR 21.16 Special Conditions
5.-7. RESERVED
8. FAR 21.31 Type Design
9.-11. RESERVED
12. FAR 21.33 Inspection and Tests 8
13.-15. RESERVED
16. FAR 21.35 Flight Tests 21
17.-23. RESERVED
24. FAR 21.39 Flight Test Instrument EZ Calibration and Correction Report
25.-30. RESERVED CHAPTER 2 - FAR 29 AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS:
TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT SECTION 1. GENERAL
31. FAR 29.1 Applicability 61
32.-41. RESERVED SECTION 2. FLIGHT GENERAL 43- 42- FAR 29.25 Weight Limits FAR 29.21 Proof of Compliance Center of ravity corresponding Conter of Gravity 71 72 44• FAR 29.27 Center of Gravity Limits 73 45• FAR 29.29 Empty Weight and Corresponding Center of Gravity (RESERVED)
46. FAR 29.31 Removable Ballast 79 47• FAR 29.33 Main Rotor Speed and Pitch Limits (RESERVED)
48.-57. RESERVED SECTION 3. PERFORMANCE
58. FAR 29.45 General 91 59• FAR 29.51 Takeoff Data: General 103 60 • FAR 29.53 Takeoff: Category A 104
61. 29.59 Takeoff Path: Category A 106 62- 29.63 Takeoff: Category B 114 63- 29.65 Category B Climb: All Engines Operating 117
64. 29.67 Climb: One Engine Inoperative 118 65- FAR 29.71 Helicopter Angle of Glide: Category B 120
66. FAR 29.73 Performance at Minimum Operating Speed 123 67 - FAR 29.75 Landing 125
68. FAR 29.77 Balked Landing: Category A 133 69- FAR 29.79 Limiting Height - Speed Envelope 134
70.-79. RESERVED III
AC 29-2, CHG 1 11/19/84 SECTION 4. FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Page No.
80. FAR 29.141 General 151 * 81 • FAR 29.143 Controllability and Maneuverability 152 *
82. FAR 29.161 Trim Control 156 83- FAR 29.171 Stability: General 158 84- FAR 29.173 Static Longitudinal Stability 158
85. FAR 29.175 Demonstration of Static Longitudinal Stability 159
86.-95. RESERVED SECTION 5. GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS FAR 29.231 General 175 FAR 29.235 Taxiing Condition 175 FAR 29.231 Spray Charaoteristics 176 FAR 29.241 Ground Resonance 177
100.-109. RESERVED SECTION 6. MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS
110. FAR 29.251 Vibration 193
111.-120. RESERVED SECTION 7. STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS - GENERAL * 121. FAR 29.301 Loads 197
122. FAR 29.303 Factor of Safety 123. FAR 29.305 Strength and Deformation 197* 197
124. FAR 29.307 Proof of Structure 199
125. FAR 29.309 Design Limitations 200
126.-135. RESERVED SECTION 8. FLIGHT LOADS
136. FAR 29.321 General 231
137. FAR 29.337 Limit Maneuvering Load Factor 231
138. FAR 29.339 Resultant Limit Maneuvering Loads 233
139. FAR 29.341 Gust Loads 233 * 140. FAR 29.351 Yawing Conditions 235
141. FAR 29.361 Engine Torque 238*
142.-151. RESERVED SECTION 9. CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEMS LOADS * 152. FAR 29.391 General 249* * 153. FAR 29,395 Control System 154. FAR 29.397 Limit Pilot Forces and Torques 249* 250 FAR 29,399 Dual Control System 251 FAR 29.401 Auxiliary Rotor Assemblies 251
157. FAR 29.403 Auxiliary Rotor Attachment Structure 255 IV
CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEMS LOADS (continued) Page No.
158. FAR 29.411 Ground Clearance: Tail Rotor Guard 256 159• FAR 29.413 Stabilizing and Control Surfaces 257*
160.-169. RESERVED SECTION 10. GROUND LOADS FAR 29.471 General 273 FAR 29.473 Ground Loading Conditions and Assumptions 273 FAR 29.475 Tires and Shock Absorbers 274
29.477 Landing Gear Arrangement 274
29.479 Level Landing Conditions 274 FAR 29.481 Tail Down Landing Conditions 276 FAR 29.483 One Wheel Landing Conditions 276
29.485 Lateral Drift Landing Conditions 276
29.493 Braked Roll Conditions 277
29.497 Ground Loading Conditions: Landing Gear With 278 Tail Wheels FAR 29.501 Ground Loading Conditions: Landing 279 FAR 29.505 Ski Landing Conditions 281 FAR 29.511 Ground Load: Unsymmetrical Loads on Multiple 282 Wheel Units
183.-192. RESERVED SECTION 11. WATER LOADS
193. FAR 29.519 Hull Type Rotororaft: Water Based Amphibian, and Limited Amphibian (RESERVED) 282
194. FAR 29.521 Float Landing Conditions (RESERVED)
195.-204. RESERVED SECTION 12. MAIN COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS FAR 29.547 Main Rotor Structure 315 FAR 29.549 Fuselage and Rotor Pylon Structures 315 FAR 29.551 Auxiliary Lifting Surfaces 316*
208.-217. RESERVED SECTION 13. EMERGENCY LANDING CONDITIONS
218. FAR 29.561 General (RESERVED)
219. FAR 29.563 Structural Ditching Provisions 316
220.-229. RESERVED SECTION 14. FATIGUE EVALUATION
230. FAR 29.571 Fatigue Evaluation of Flight Structure 373
231.-240. RESERVED
AC 29-2, CHG 1 11/19/84 SECTION 15. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION - GENERAL Page No.
241. FAR 29.601 Design (RESERVED)
242. FAR 29.603 Materials (RESERVED)
243. FAR 29.605 Fabrication Methods (RESERVED)
244. FAR 29.607 Fasteners 387
245. FAR 29.609 Proteotion of Structure 397
246. FAR 29.611 Inspeotion Provisions 398
247. FAR 29.613 Material Strength Properties 399 and Design Values
29.619 Special Faotors 401 FAR 29.621 Casting Faotors 402 FAR 29.623 Bearing Faotors 409 * FAR 29.625 Fitting Factors 411 FAR 29.629 Flutter 411 •
253.-264. RESERVED SECTION 16. ROTORS FAR 29.653 Pressure Venting and Draining of Rotor Blades (RESERVED) DETT FAR 29,659 Mass Balanoe (RESERVED)
267. FAR 29.661 Rotor Blade Clearance OEH FAR 29.663 Ground Resonance Prevention Means * ОЕП
269.-278. RESERVED SECTION 17. CONTROL SYSTEMS
29.671 General (RESERVED) ZEN
29.675 Stops (RESERVED)
29.679 Control System Locks (RESERVED) FAR 29.681 Limit Load Static Tests (RESERVED) FAR 29.683 Operation Tests (RESERVED) FAR 29.685 Control System Details (RESERVED) FAR 29.687 Spring Devices (RESERVED) FAR 29.691 Autorotation Control Mechanism 471 FAR 29.695 Power Boost and Power Operated Control System (RESERVED)
288.-297. RESERVED SECTION 18. LANDING GEAR
298. FAR 29.723 Shock Absorption Tests 485 FAR 29.725 Limit Drop Test 488 FAR 29.727 Reserve Energy Absorption Drop Test 489 FAR 29.729 Retracting Mechanism 490 FAR 29.731 Wheels (RESERVED) FAR 29.733 Tires (RESERVED) FAR 29.735 Brakes (RESERVED) FAR 29.737 Skis (RESERVED)
306.-315. RESERVED VI
11/19/84 SECTION 19. FLOATS AND HULLS FAR 29.751 Main Float Buoyanoy (RESERVED) ₴6t FAR 29.753 Main Float Design (RESERVED) FAR 29.755 Hull Buoyancy (RESERVED) FAR 29.757 Hull and Aux1liary Float Strength (RESERVED)
320.-329. RESERVED SECTION 20. PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS
330. FAR 29.771 Pilot Compartment (RESERVED)
331. FAR 29.773 Pilot Compartment View (RESERVED)
332. FAR 29.775 Windshield and Windows #TES
333. FAR 29.777 Cookpit Controls (RESERVED)
334. FAR 29.783 Doors 531
335. FAR 29.785 Seats, Safety Belts, and Harnesses 550
336. FAR 29.787 Cargo and Baggage Compartments 553*
337. 29.801 Ditching (RESERVED)
338. PAR 29.803 Emergency Evaouation 568
339. FAR 29.805 Flightcrew Emergency Exits 568
340. FAR 29.807 Passenger Emergency Exits 569
341. FAR 29.809 Emergency Exit Arrangement 570
342. FAR 29.811 Emergency Exit Marking 571
343. FAR 29.813 Emergency Exit Access 573 344• FAR 29.815 Main Aisle Width 574*
345. FAR 29.831 Ventilation (RESERVED)
346. FAR 29.833 Heaters (RESERVED)
347.-356. RESERVED SECTION 21. FIRE PROTECTION
357. FAR 29.851 Fire Extinguishers (RESERVED)
358. FAR 29,853 Compartment Interiors 597 359• FAR 29.855 Cargo and Baggage Compartments 599
360. FAR 29.859 Combustion Heater Fire Protection (RESERVED) 600
361. FAR 29.861 Fire Protection of Structure, Controls, and Other Parts 603
362. FAR 29.863 Flammable Fluid Fire Protection 606
363.-372. RESERVED SECTION 22. EXTERNAL LOAD ATTACHING MEANS 313- FAR 29.865 External Load Attaching Means (RESERVED) 619
374.-383. RESERVED SECTION 23. MISCELLANEOUS (DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION)
384. FAR 29.871 Leveling Marks (RESERVED)
385. FAR 29.873 Ballast Provisions 619
386. FAR 29.877 Ice Protection 637
387.-396. RESERVED
AC 29-2, CHG 1 11/19/84 SECTION 24. POWERPLANT GENERAL 397• FAR 29.901 Installation (RESERVED)
398. FAR 29.903 Engines 665
399. FAR 29.907 Engine Vibration (RESERVED)
400. FAR 29.908 Cooling Fans (RESERVED)
401.-420. RESERVED SECTION 25. ROTOR DRIVE SYSTEM 421• FAR 29.917 Design (RESERVED)
422. FAR 29.921 Rotor Brake (RESERVED)
423. FAR 29.923 Rotor Drive System and Control Mechanism Tests (RESERVED)
424. 29.927 Additional Tests (RESERVED)
425. FAR 29.931 Shafting Critical Speed 683
426. FAR 29.935 Shafting Joints (RESERVED) 427• FAR 29.939 Turbine Engine Operating Characteristics 701
428.-447. RESERVED SECTION 26. FUEL SYSTEM
448. FAR 29,951 General (RESERVED) 704 449• FAR 29.953 Fuel System Independence (RESERVED) FAR 29.955 Fuel Flow (RESERVED) FAR 29.957 Flow Between Interconnected Tanks (RESERVED) FAR 29.959 Unusable Fuel Supply (RESERVED)
29.961 Fuel System Hot Weather Operation (RESERVED) FAR 29.963 Fuel Tanks: General (RESERVED) FAR 29.965 Fuel Tank Tests (RESERVED) FAR 29.967 Fuel Tank Installation (RESERVED) FAR 29.969 Fuel Tank Expansion Space (RESERVED) FAR 29.971 Fuel Tank Sump (RESERVED) FAR 29.973 Fuel Tank Filter Connection (RESERVED)
29.975 Fuel Tank Vents and Carburetor Vapor Vents (RESERVED)
29.977 Fuel Tank Outlet (RESERVED) FAR 29.979 Pressure Refueling and Fueling Provisions Below Fuel Level (RESERVED)
463.-482. RESERVED SECTION 27. FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
483. FAR 29.991 Fuel Pumps 771 FAR 29.993 Fuel System Lines and Fittings 772 FAR 29.995 Fuel Valves 772 * FAR 29.997 Fuel Strainer or Filter 775 FAR 29.999 Fuel System Drains 776 *
488.-497. RESERVED VILI
11/19/84 SECTION 28. OIL SYSTEM FAR 29.1011 General 68L FAR 29.1013 011 Tanks • 06L FAR 29.1015 011 Tank Tests (RESERVED) FAR 29.1017 Oil Lines and Fittings 96Ł FAR 29,1019 0il Strainer or Filter S6L FAR 29.1021 System Drains 96L FAR 29.1023 Radiators 96L FAR 29.1025 Oil Valves
506.-515. RESERVED SECTION 29. COOLING FAR 29.1041 General 814 FAR 29.1043 Cooling Tests 816 FAR 29.1045 Climb Cooling Test Procedures 819 • FAR 29.1047 Takeoff Cooling Test Procedures (RESERVED) FAR 29.1049 Hovering Cooling Test Procedures (RESERVED)
521.-530. RESERVED SECTION 30. INDUCTION SYSTEM FAR 29.1091 Air Induction (RESERVED) 822 FAR 29.1093 Induction System Icing Protection (RESERVED) FAR 29.1101 Carburetor Air Preheater Design (RESERVED) FAR 29.1103 Induction System Ducts (RESERVED) FAR 29.1105 Induction System Screens (RESERVED) FAR 29.1107 Inter-Coolers and After-Coolers (RESERVED) FAR 29.1109 Carburetor Air Cooling (RESERVED)
538.-547. RESERVED SECTION 31. EXHAUST SYSTEM FAR 29.1121 General (RESERVED) 873 FAR 29.1123 Exhaust Piping (RESERVED) FAR 29.1125 Exhaust Heat Exchangers (RESERVED)
551.-560. RESERVED SECTION 32. POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES 561• FAR 29.1141 Powerplant Controls: General (RESERVED) 873
562. FAR 29.1142 Auxiliary Power Unit Controls (RESERVED)
563. FAR 29.1143 Engine Controls (RESERVED)
564. FAR 29.1145 Ignition Switches (RESERVED)
565. FAR 29.1147 Mixture Controls (RESERVED)
566. FAR 29.1151 Rotor Brake Controls (RESERVED) 567• FAR 29.1157 Carburetor Air Temperature Controls (RESERVED)
568. FAR 29.1159 Supercharger Controls (RESERVED)
569. FAR 29.1163 Powerplant Accessories (RESERVED)
570. FAR 29.1165 Engine Ignition Systems (RESERVED)
571.-583. RESERVED
AC 29-2, CHG 1 11/19/84 SECTION 33. POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION Page No.
584. FAR 29.1181 Designated Fire Zones: Regions Inoluded (RESERVED) 873
585. FAR 29.1183 Flammable Fluid Carrying Components (RESERVED)
586. FAR 29.1185 Flammable Fluids (RESERVED)
587. FAR 29.1187 Drainage and Ventilation of Fire Zones (RESERVED)
588. FAR 29.1189 Shutoff Means (RESERVED) 589• FAR 29.1191 Firewalls (RESERVED)
590. FAR 29.1193 Cowling and Engine Compartment Covering (RESERVED)
591. FAR 29.1194 Other Surfaces (RESERVED) FAR 29.1195 Fire Extinguishing Systems (RESERVED) FAR 29.1197 Fire Extinguishing Agents (RESERVED) FAR 29.1199 Extinguishing Agent Containers (RESERVED) FAR 29.1201 Fire Extinguishing System Materials (RESERVED) FAR 29.1203 Fire Detector Systems (RESERVED)
597.-616. RESERVED SECTION 34. EQUIPMENT - GENERAL FAR 29.1301 Funotion and Installation (RESERVED) 874 FAR 29.1303 Flight and Navigation Instruments (RESERVED) FAR 29.1305 Powerplant Instruments (RESERVED) FAR 29.1307 Miscellaneous Equipment (RESERVED) FAR 29.1309 Equipment Systems and Installations 991
622.-631. RESERVED SECTION 35. INSTRUMENTS INSTALLATION FAR 29.1321 Arrangement and Visibil1ty (RESERVED) FAR 29,1322 Warning, Caution, and Advisory Lights 1011 FAR 29,1323 Airspeed Indicating System (RESERVED) FAR 29.1325 Static Pressure and Pressure Altimeter Systems (RESERVED) FAR 29.1327 Magnetio Direction Indicator (RESERVED) FAR 29.1329 Automatic Pilot System (RESERVED) FAR 29.1331 Instruments Using a Power Supply (RESERVED) FAR 29,1333 Duplicate Instrument Systems (RESERVED) FAR 29.1335 Flight Director Systems 1033 • FAR 29.1337 Powerplant Instruments 1035
642.-651. RESERVED SECTION 36. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT FAR 29.1351 1045 FAR 29.1353 Electrical Equipment and Installations 1047 FAR 29.1355 D1stribution System 1048 FAR 29.1357 Cirouit Protective Devices 1049 FAR 29.1359 Electrical System Fire and Smoke Protection 1050 FAR 29.1363 Electrical Systems Tests (RESERVED)
658.-667. RESERVED
SECTION 37. LIGHTS Page No.
668. FAR 29.1381 Instrument Lights (RESERVED) 669- FAR 29.1383 Landing Lights (RESERVED)
29.1385 Position Light System Installation 1052
29.1387 Position Light System Dihedral Angles 1052
29.1389 Position Light Distribution and 1052 Intensities
29.1391 Minimum Intensities in the Horizontal Plane 1052 of Forward and Rear Position Lights
674. FAR 29.1393 Minimum Intensities in Any Vertical Plane 1052 of Forward and Rear Position Lights
675. FAR 29.1395 Maximum Intensities in Overlapping Beams 1052 of Forward and Rear Position Lights
676. FAR 29.1397 Color Specifications 1052
677. FAR 29.1399 Riding Light (RESERVED)
678. FAR 29.1401 Anticollision Light System 1052
679.-688. RESERVED SECTION 38, SAFETY EQUIPMENT FAR 29.1411 General (RESERVED) 1085 FAR 29.1413 Safety Belts: Passenger Warning Device (RESERVED)
691. FAR 29.1415 Ditching Equipment (RESERVED)
692.-701. RESERVED SECTION 39. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
29.1431 Electronic Equipment (RESERVED) FAR 29.1433 Vacuum Systems (RESERVED) FAR 29.1435 Hydraulic Systems 1085 FAR 29.1439 Protective Breathing Equipment (RESERVED) FAR 29.1457 Cockpit Voice Recorders (RESERVED) FAR 29.1461 Equipment Containing High Energy Rotors (RESERVED)
708.-717. RESERVED SECTION 40. OPERATING LIMITATIONS FAR 29.1501 General (RESERVED)
29.1503 Air Speed Limitations: General (RESERVED)
29.1505 Never Exceed Speed (RESERVED)
29.1509 Rotor Speed 1142
29.1517 Limiting Height Speed Envelope (RESERVED)
29.1519 Weight and Center of Gravity 1145
29.1521 Powerplant Limitations (RESERVED) FAR 29.1522 Auxiliary Power Unit Limitations (RESERVED) FAR 29.1523 Minimum Flight Crew (RESERVED) FAR 29.1525 Kinds of Operation 1157
728. FAR 29.1527 Maximum Operating Altitude 1157
729. FAR 29.1529 Rotororaft Maintenance Manual 1158
730.-739. RESERVED UT
AC 29-2, CHG 1 78/6T/IT SECTION 41. MARKINGS AND PLACARDS
29.1541 General (See par. 781.) O9IT FAR 29.1543 Instrument Markings: General (See par. 781) 09IT
29.1545 Airspeed Indicator (See par. 781) O9TT
29.1547 Magnetic Direction Indicator • 09TT
29.1549 Powerplant Instruments (See par. 781)
29.1551 011 Quantity Indicator (RESERVED)
29.1553 Fuel Quantity Indicator (RESERVED)
29.1555 Control Markings (RESERVED) FAR 29.1557 Miscellaneous Markings and Placards (RESERVED) FAR 29.1559 Limitations Placard (RESERVED) FAR 29.1561 Safety Equipment (RESERVED) FAR 29.1565 Tail Rotor (RESERVED)
752.-761. RESERVED SECTION 42. ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL * 762. FAR 29.1581 General 1203 763- FAR 29.1583 Operating Limitations 1211
764. FAR 29.1585 Operating Procedures 1213
765. FAR 29.1587 Performance Information 1215
766. FAR 29.1589 Loading Inrormation 1217 •
767.-774. RESERVED CHAPTER 3 - MISCELLANEOUS AIRWORTHINESS
775. IFR Certification 1237
776. Certification Procedure for Helicopter Avionics Equipment 1253
777. Standardized Test Procedure for Helicopter DC Electrical 1267 Standardized Test Procedure for Helicopter Generator Cooling 1273 Annunciator Panels 1275
780. RESERVED
781. Instrument Markings: General, Airspeed, and Powerplant 1281 XII