SECTION 28. OIL SYSTEM Page No.
498. FAR 29.1011 General .791
499. FAR 29.1013 Oil Tanks .. 792
500. FAR 29.1015 Oil Tank Tests . ..792
501. FAR 29.1017 Oil Lines and Fittings ..793
502. FAR 29.1019 Oil Strainer or Filter. 793 502A. FAR 29.1019 Oil Strainer or Filter 794
503. FAR 29.1021 Oil System Drains... .795
504. FAR 29.1023 Oil Radiators.. 795
505. FAR 29.1025 Oil Valves. 795
506. FAR 29.1027 Transmission and Gearboxes - General.. .796
507.-515. RESERVED SECTION 29. COOLING
516. FAR 29.1041 General ..807
517. FAR 29.1043 Cooling Tests.. ..810 517A. FAR 29.1043 Cooling Tests.. ..812
518. FAR 29.1045 Cooling Test Procedures 813
519. FAR 29.1047 Takeoff Cooling Test Procedures ..817
520. FAR 29.1049 Hovering Cooling Test Procedures. 819 521-530. RESERVED SECTION 30. INDUCTION SYSTEM
531. FAR 29.1091 Air Induction 831
532. FAR 29.1093 Induction System Icing Protection. 832 532A. FAR 29.1093 Induction System Icing Protection .841
533. FAR 29.1101 Carburetor Air Preheater Design.. .842
534. FAR 29.1103 Induction System Ducts and Air Duct Systems. ..842
535. FAR 29.1105 Induction System Screens .845
536. FAR 29.1107 Intercoolers and After-Coolers ..845
537. FAR 29.1109 Carburetor Air Cooling. .845
538.-547. RESERVED SECTION 31. EXHAUST SYSTEM
548. FAR 29.1121 General.. .856
549. FAR 29.1123 Exhaust Piping... .857
550. FAR 29.1125 Exhaust Heat Exchangers .859
551.-56 0. RESERVED XIII
SECTION 32. POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES Page No.
561. FAR 29.1141 Powerplant Controls: General. ..873
562. FAR 29.1142 Auxiliary Power Unit Controls 874
563. FAR 29.1143 Engine Controls... 875 563A. FAR 29.1143 Engine Controls... 876 563B. FAR 29.1143 Engine Controls... 876
564. FAR 29.1145 Ignition Switches.. ...876
565. FAR 29.1147 Mixture Controls .. ..877
566. FAR 29.1151 Rotor Brake Controls. ..878
567. FAR 29.1157 Carburetor Air Temperature Controls 879
568. FAR 29.1159 Supercharger Controls ..879
569. FAR 29.1163 Powerplant Accessories 880
570. FAR 29.1165 Engine Ignition Systems 881
571.-583. RESERVED SECTION 33. POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION
584. FAR 29.1181 Designated Fire Zones: Regions Included .895
585. FAR 29.1183 Lines, Fittings, and Components. 896
586. FAR 29.1185 Flammable Fluids 897
587. FAR 29.1187 Drainage and Ventilation of Fire Zones 898
588. FAR 29.1189 Shutoff Means ..899
589. FAR 29.1191 Firewalls. ..900
590. FAR 29.1193 Cowling and Engine Compartment Covering 904 590A. FAR 29.1193 Cowling and Engine Compartment Covering .905
591. FAR 29.1194 Other Surfaces ..... .906
592. FAR 29.1195 Fire Extinguishing Systems ..907
593. FAR 29.1197 Fire Extinguishing Agents ..910
594. FAR 29.1199 Extinguishing Agent Containers .913
595. FAR 29.1201 Fire Extinguishing System Materials.. 914
596. FAR 29.1203 Fire Detector Systems .914
597.-616. RESERVED SECTION 34. EQUIPMENT - GENERAL
617. FAR 29.1301 Function and Installation ..939
618. FAR 29.1303 Flight and Navigation Instruments. 939
619. FAR 29.1305 Powerplant Instruments.. ..943 619A. FAR 29.1305 Powerplant Instruments. 944 619B. FAR 29.1305 Powerplant Instruments .945 XIV
SECTION 34. EQUIPMENT - GENERAL (continued) Page No.
619C. FAR 29.1305 Powerplant Instruments. 946
620. FAR 29.1307 Miscellaneous Equipment 946
621. FAR 29.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations 947
622.-631. RESERVED SECTION 35. INSTRUMENTS - INSTALLATION
632. FAR 29.1321 Arrangement and Visibility ..977
633. FAR 29.1322 Warning, Caution, and Advisory Lights. 978
634. FAR 29.1323 Airspeed Indicating System 981 634A. FAR 29.1323 Airspeed Indicating System 982
635. FAR 29.1325 Static Pressure Systems 982
636. FAR 29.1327 Magnetic Direction Indicator .983
637. FAR 29.1329 Automatic Pilot Systems .984
638. FAR 29.1331 Instruments Using A Power Supply .993
639. FAR 29.1333 Instrument Systems .994
640. FAR 29.1335 Flight Director Systems .994
641. FAR 29.1337 Powerplant Instruments .996 Paragraph (b) - Fuel Gauge Calibration 641A. FAR 29.1337 Powerplant Instruments .997
642.-651. RESERVED SECTION 36. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
652. FAR 29.1351 Electrical Systems and Equipment - General 1009
653. FAR 29.1353 Electrical Equipment and Installations 1014
654. FAR 29.1355 Distribution System . 1016 654A. FAR 29.1355 Distribution System. .1016
655. FAR 29.1357 Circuit Protective Devices ..1017 655A. FAR 29.1357 Circuit Protective Devices 1018 656 FAR 29.1359 Electrical System Fire and Smoke Protection 1019
657. FAR 29.1363 Electrical Systems Tests . 1020
658.-667. RESERVED SECTION 37. LIGHTS
668. FAR 29.1381 Instrument Lights... 1032
669. FAR 29.1383 Landing Lights1032
670. FAR 29.1385 Position Light System Installation. .. 1033
671. FAR 29.1387 Position Light System Dihedral Angles.. 1033 XV
SECTION 37. LIGHTS (continued) Page No.
672. FAR 29.1389 Position Light Distribution and Intensities 1033
673. FAR 29.1391 Minimum Intensities in the Horizontal 1033 Plane of Forward and Rear Position Lights
674. FAR 29.1393 Minimum in Any Vertical Plane of Forward 1033 and Rear Position Lights
675. FAR 29.1395 Maximum Intensities In Overlapping Beams 1033 of Forward and Rear Position Lights
676. FAR 29.1397 Color Specifications 1033
677. FAR 29.1399 Riding Light.... .. 1033
678. FAR 29.1401 Anticollision Light System 1035
679.-688. RESERVED SECTION 38. SAFETY EQUIPMENT
689. FAR 29.1411 General.. 1044
690. FAR 29.1413 Safety Belts: Passenger Warning Device. . 1046
691. FAR 29.1415 Ditching Equipment 1047
692. RESERVED
693. FAR 29.1419 Ice Protection 1050
694.-701. RESERVED SECTION 39. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
702. FAR 29.1431 Electronic Equipment 1076
703. FAR 29.1433 Vacuum Systems.. .. 1076
704. FAR 29.1435 Hydraulic Systems. . 1077
705. FAR 29.1439 Protective Breathing Equipment. .. 1080
706. FAR 29.1457 Cockpit Voice Recorder. 1081
707. FAR 29.1459 Flight Recorders ... . 1083
708. FAR 29.1461 Equipment Containing High Energy Rotors 1085
709.-717. RESERVED SECTION 40. OPERATING LIMITATIONS
718. FAR 29.1501 General... . 1096
719. FAR 29.1503 Airspeed Limitations: General .. 1096
720. FAR 29.1505 Never-Exceed Speed . 1098
721. FAR 29.1509 Rotor Speed... 1101
722. FAR 29.1517 Limiting Height-Speed Envelope. 1103
723. FAR 29.1519 Weight and Center of Gravity .. .1104
724. FAR 29.1521 Powerplant Limitations 1104 XVI
SECTION 40. OPERATING LIMITATIONS (continued) Page No.
724A. FAR 29.1521 Powerplant Limitations 1105 724B. FAR 29.1521 Powerplant Limitations 1106
725. FAR 29.1522 Auxiliary Power Unit Limitations. 1107
726. FAR 29.1523 Minimum Flightcrew.. 1107
727. FAR 29.1525 Kinds of Operations.. 1111
728. FAR 29.1527 Maximum Operating Altitude 1112
729. FAR 29.1529 Instructions for Continued Airworthiness 1112 (Maintenance Manual) 729A. FAR 29.1529 Instructions for Continued Airworthiness 1115 (Maintenance Manual)
730.-739. RESERVED SECTION 41. MARKINGS AND PLACARDS
740. FAR 29.1541 General (See Paragraph 781). 1126
741. FAR 29.1543 Instrument Markings: General (See Paragraph 781) 1126
742. FAR 29.1545 Airspeed Indicator (See Paragraph 781).. 1126
743. FAR 29.1547 Magnetic Direction Indicator 1126
744. FAR 29.1549 Powerplant Instruments (See Paragraph 781) . 1126
745. FAR 29.1551 Oil Quantity Indicator 1126
746. FAR 29.1553 Fuel Quantity Indicator 1127
747. FAR 29.1555 Control Markings1127
748. FAR 29.1557 Miscellaneous Markings and Placards 1129
749. FAR 29.1559 Limitations Placard... 1130
750. FAR 29.1561 Safety Equipment1131
751. FAR 29.1565 Tail Rotor. 1132
752.-761. RESERVED SECTION 42. ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
762. FAR 29.1581 General.. 1143
763. FAR 29.1583 Operating Limitations. 1151 763A FAR 29.1583 Operating Limitations. . 1154
764. FAR 29.1585 Operating Procedures. . 1154
765. FAR 29.1587 Performance Information 1156 765A. FAR 29.1587 Performance Information.. .. 1160
766. FAR 29.1589 Loading Information. .1160
767.-774. RESERVED XVII
CHAPTER 3 - MISCELLANEOUS AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS Page No.
775. IFR Certification.. 1171
776. Certification Procedure for Rotorcraft Avionic Equipment.. 1192 Standardized Test Procedure for Rotorcraft DC 1209 Electrical System Tests
118. Standardized Test Procedure for Rotorcraft Generator Cooling 1214
779. FARS 29.1301, 29.1309, and 29.1322 Annunciator Panels 1217
780. RESERVED
781. FARs 29.1541, 29.1543, and 29.1549 Instrument Markings 1220 781A. FAR 29.1549 Powerplant Markings 1224
782. Rotorcraft and Systems Certification for Category II 1224 Operations
783. Structural Condition Indicators... 1230
784. Full Authority Digital Electronic Controls (FADEC) for 1234 Installations with Category A Engine Isolation
785. Agricultural Dispensing Equipment Installation .1236
786. Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Systems, Installations, 1242 Interior Arrangements, and Equipment
787. RESERVED
788. Substantiation of Composite Rotorcraft Structure . 1262 Appendix 1 Fatigue Evaluation of Transport Category Rotorcraft A1-1 Structure (Including Flaw Tolerance) Appendix 2 Rotorcraft OEI Power Assurance A2-1 Appendix 3 Advisory Material for Compliance with Rotorburst Rule. A3-1 XVIII
ILLUSTRATIONS The first digits in the figure or table number are the same as the related paragraph number.
The digits after the hyphen are the number within the paragraph. Most figures or tables are located at the end of the related paragraph.
Figure/ Table No. Title Page 55-1 H-V Requirements 75 55-2 IGE Controllability Requirements 76 55-3 Shaft Horsepower vs. Turbine Outlet 77 Temperature - Sea Level Standard Day 55-4 Uninstalled Takeoff Power Available 78 55-5 Installed Takeoff Power Available, Anti-Ice, 79 400 RPM 55-6 Power Assurance Check Chart 80 58-1 Takeoff Performance Category A 87 58A-1 Takeoff Performance Category A 89 60-1 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Ground 99 Heliport 60-2 Category A Vertical Profile Pinnacle 100 60A-1 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Ground 110 Level Heliport 60A-2 Category A Vertical Takeoff Profile Elevated 111 Heliport 64-1 Conventional Takeoff Profile Category B 117 68-1 Autorotational Characteristics - Typical 128 70-1 Category A Conventional Landing - Clear 139 Heliport XIX
Figure/Table No. Title Page 70-2 Category A Vertical Landing 140 70A-1 Category A Conventional Landing - Clear 150 Heliport 70A-2 Category A Vertical Landing 151 72-1 Height-Velocity Diagram 160 72-2 Altitude/Weight Accountability 161 85-1 Static Longitudinal Stability 183 110-1 Demonstration Points 214 137-1 Load Factor Gross Weight Curve 241 140-1 Sample Yaw/Forward Speed Diagram 246 140-2 Sample Yaw/Forward Speed Diagram 248 162-1 (View Looking Forward) 275 162-2 (View Looking Forward) 276 230-1 Comparison Percent of Time in Level Flight 348 249-1 Example of Casting Load Sheet Retract 381 Actuator Support-Landing Gear 249-1 (Table 1) Castings to be Static Tested for Model XYZ 383 328-1 Cockpit Visibility 476 337-1 Sea State Code - World Meteorological 501 Organization 373-1 Summary of Part 133 Rotorcraft Load 558 Combinations Certifiable Under § 29.865 386-1 Continuous Icing-Temperature vs. Altitude 592 Limits XX
Figure/Table No. Title Page 386-2 Intermittent Icing-Temperature vs. Altitude 593 Limits 386-3 Mean Effective Drop Diameter-Microns 594 386-4 Intermittent Icing-Liquid Water Content vs. 595 Drop Diameter 386-5 Supercooled Clouds 596 423A-1 Rotor Drive System Endurance 660 423A-2 Takeoff Run Portion of Rotor Drive System 661 Endurance Test If 2 ½ Minute OEI Rating is Requested.
423A-3 Takeoff Run Portion of Rotor Drive System 662 Endurance Test If 30 Second/2 Minute OEI Rating is Requested.
425-1 Cantilevered Shaft, First Critical Speed 675 425-2 Shaft Between Support Bearings, First Critical 675 Speed 447-1 Static Tension and Shear Loading Modes 719 447-2 Hose Assembly Tests 720 447-3 Minimum Average and Individual Loads for 721 Hose and Hose-End Fitting Combinations 447-4 Typical Method of Breakaway Fuel Fitting Load 722 Calculations 447-5 Typical Methods of Frangible or Deformable 723 Attachment Load Calculations 447-6 Typical Methods of Frangible or Deformable 724 Attachment Load Calculations XXI
Figure/Table No. Title Page 450A-1 Fuel Flow 734 516-1 Additional Cooling Test Point 809 518-1 All-Engine-Critical Altitude Additional Cooling 816 Test Point 589-1 Table of Materials and Gages Acceptable 903 for Fireproof Protective Devices with Flat Surface Geometries 637-1 Deviation Profile 990 637-2 Operational Limitation 992 693-1 Continuous Icing-Temperature vs. Altitude 1064 Limits 693-2 Intermittent Icing-Temperature vs. Altitude 1065 Limits 693-3 Continuous Icing-Liquid Water Content vs 1066 Drop Diameter 693-4 Intermittent Icing-Liquid Water Content vs. 1067 Drop Diameter 775-1 Rotorcraft Dynamic Stability Requirements for 1191 IFR 782-1 Category II Approach Evaluation 1228 782-2 Category II Approach Evaluation (cont.) 1229 785-1 Acceptable Ultimate Load Factor for Agricultural 1237 Dispensing Equipment Design 785-2 Sketch of Tank Pressure Test 1241 786-1 Typical Liquid Oxygen System 1259 XXII
Figure/Table No. Title Page 786-2 Typical Liquid Oxygen System - Using 1260 Combination Valve APX1-1 S-N or P-N Curve Usage A1-15 APX1-2 Crack Growth for Single Element Structure A1-18 APX1-3 Crack Growth for Remaining Elements of A1-20 Multiple Element Structure APX2-1 Installed Engine Fuel Flow Capacity Check A2-9 APX3-1 Estimated Path of Fragments A3-10 APX3-2 Single One-Third Disc Fragment A3-11 APX3-3 Intermediate and Small Pieces of Debris A3-12 APX3-4 Blade Fragment Definition A3-13 APX3-5 Distribution of Translational and Rotational A3-14 Kinetic Energy of Rotor-Component Fragments as a Function of Fragment Size e APX3-6 Cross Section through Aircraft at Plane of A3-15 Rotation of the Engine Disk Fragment XXIII
Abbreviations and Definitions AC advisory circular ACO aircraft certification office ADF automatic direction finding ADI attitude direction indicator AEO all engines operating AFCS automatic flight control systems AGL above ground level AHRS attitude heading reference system Amdt. Amendment APU auxiliary power unit ATC air traffic control BIM blade inspection method CAM cockpit area microphone CAR Civil Air Regulations CAS calibrated air speed CBIM cockpit blade inspection method CDP critical decision point CG center of gravity CPS cycles per second CRFS crash resistant fuel system CRT cathode ray tube CVR cockpit voice recorder DER designated engineering representative DME distance measuring equipment ECAS engine caution advisory systems ECU environmental control unit EFIS electronic flight instrument system EFP engine failure point EHE exhaust heat exchanger ELT emergency locator transmitter EMI electromagnetic interference EMS emergency medical service EOL end of life FAA Federal Aviation Administration FADEC full authority digital engine control FAR Federal Aviation Regulations FMEA failure mode and effects analysis FPM feet per minute FPS feet per second GPS global positioning system HF high frequency HIRF high intensity radiated fields HRD high rate of discharge HUMS health and usage monitoring systems HV height-velocity IAS indicated airspeed ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICS inter-communication system IFR instrument flight rules IGE in ground effect IIDS integrated instrument display system ILS instrument landing system IMC instrument meteorological conditions INS inertial navigation system ISA international standard atmosphere ISIS integral spar inspection system ITT inter-turbine temperature KCAS knots calibrated airspeed KIAS knots indicated air speed KTAS knots true airspeed LDP landing decision point LWC liquid water content MCP maximum continuous power MGT measured gas temperature MSL mean sea level MVD median volume diameter NDI non-destructive inspection NM nautical mile NPRM notice of proposed rulemaking NTSB National Transportation Safety Board NG night vision goggles OAT outside air temperature OEl one engine inoperative OGE out of ground effect PBA pitch bias actuator XXIV