Advisory U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Circular Subject: Reference Materials and Subject Matter Date: 6/8/04 AC No: 60-25F Knowledge Codes for Airman Knowledge Testing Initiated by: AFS-630 Change:
1. PURPOSE. This advisory circular contains the listings of reference materials and subject matter knowledge codes for airman knowledge testing. It includes codes for pilots, instructors, flight engineers, dispatchers, navigators, pilot examiners, inspection authorization, parachute riggers, and aircraft mechanics.
2. CANCELLATION. AC 60-25E, Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes for Airman Knowledge Testing, dated 4/16/01, is canceled.
3. GENERAL. The listings of reference materials and subject matter knowledge codes have been prepared by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish specific references for all knowledge standards. The listings contain reference materials to be used when preparing for all airman knowledge tests. The subject matter knowledge codes should be referred to when reviewing areas of deficiency on airman knowledge test reports.
4. HOW TO OBTAIN ELECTRONICALLY. The subject matter knowledge codes, some of the reference materials listed, and knowledge test guides specific to each certification testing level can be obtained from the Regulatory Support Division’s web site at http://afs600.faa.gov.
/s/ 6/8/2004 Joseph K. Tintera, Manager Regulatory Support Division Flight Standards Service
REFERENCE MATERIALS AND SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE CODES
FOR PILOTS, INSTRUCTORS, FLIGHT ENGINEERS, DISPATCHERS,
NAVIGATORS, PILOT EXAMINERS, INSPECTION AUTHORIZATION, AND
PARACHUTE RIGGERS Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 1—Definitions and Abbreviations A01 General Definitions A02 Abbreviations and Symbols 14 CFR part 21—Certification Procedures for Products and Parts A100 General A102 Type Certificates A104 Supplemental Type Certificates A108 Airworthiness Certificates A110 Approval of Materials, Parts, Processes, and Appliances A112 Export Airworthiness Approvals A114 Approval of Engines, Propellers, Materials, Parts, and Appliances: Import A117 Technical Standard Order Authorizations 14 CFR part 23—Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes A150 General A151 Flight A152 Structure A153 Design and Construction A154 Powerplant A155 Equipment A157 Operating Limitations and Information A159 Appendix G: Instructions for Continued Airworthiness 14 CFR part 25—Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes A03 General A04 Flight A05 Structure A06 Design and Construction A07 Powerplant A08 Equipment A09 Operating Limitations and Information A11 Appendix H: Instructions for Continued Airworthiness 14 CFR part 27—Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft A250 General A253 Flight A255 Strength Requirements 3
A257 Design and Construction A259 Powerplant A261 Equipment A263 Operating Limitations and Information A265 Appendix A: Instructions for Continued Airworthiness 14 CFR part 39—Airworthiness Directives A13 Airworthiness Directives 14 CFR part 43—Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration A15 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration A16 Appendixes 14 CFR part 45—Identification and Registration Marking A400 General A401 Identification of Aircraft and Related Products A402 Nationality and Registration Marks 14 CFR part 61—Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors A20 General A21 Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations A22 Student Pilots A23 Recreational Pilot A24 Private Pilots A25 Commercial Pilots A26 Airline Transport Pilots A27 Flight Instructors A29 Ground Instructors 14 CFR part 63—Certification: Flight Crewmembers Other Than Pilots A30 General A31 Flight Engineers A32 Flight Navigators 14 CFR part 65—Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers A40 General A41 Aircraft Dispatchers A44 Parachute Riggers A45 Mechanics A46 Repairmen 4
14 CFR part 71—Designation of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E Airspace Areas; Airways; Routes; and Reporting Points A60 General A61 Class B Airspace A62 Class A Airspace A64 Class C Airspace A65 Class D Airspace A66 Class E Airspace 14 CFR part 91—General Operating and Flight Rules B07 General B08 Flight Rules—General B09 Visual Flight Rules B10 Instrument Flight Rules B11 Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements B12 Special Flight Operations B13 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations B14 Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft B15 Additional Equipment and Operating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft B16 Appendix A—Category II Operations: Manual, Instruments, Equipment, and Maintenance B17 Foreign Aircraft Operations and Operations of United States-Registered Civil Aircraft Outside of the United States; and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft 14 CFR part 97—Standard Instrument Approach Procedures B97 General 14 CFR part 105—Parachute Operations C01 General C02 Operating Rules C03 Parachute Equipment and Packing 14 CFR part 119—Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators C20 General C21 Applicability of Operating Requirements to Different Kinds of Operations Under Parts 121, 125, and 135 C22 Certification, Operations Specifications, and Certain Other Requirements for Operations Conducted Under Part 121 or 135 14 CFR part 121—Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations D01 General D02 Certification Rules for Domestic and Flag Air Carriers D03 Certification Rules for Supplemental Air Carriers and Commercial Operators D04 Rules Governing all Certificate Holders Under This Part D05 Approval of Routes: Domestic and Flag Air Operations 5
D06 Approval of Areas and Routes for Supplemental Operations D07 Manual Requirements D08 Aircraft Requirements D09 Airplane Performance Operating Limitations D10 Special Airworthiness Requirements D11 Instrument and Equipment Requirements D12 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations D13 Airman and Crewmember Requirements D14 Training Program D15 Crewmember Qualifications D16 Aircraft Dispatcher Qualifications and Duty Time Limitations: Domestic and Flag Operations D17 Flight Time Limitations and Rest Requirements: Domestic Operations D18 Flight Time Limitations: Flag Operations D19 Flight Time Limitations: Supplemental Operations D20 Flight Operations D21 Dispatching and Flight Release Rules D22 Records and Reports D23 Crewmember Certificate: International D24 Special Federal Aviation Regulation SFAR No. 14 14 CFR part 125—Certification and Operations: Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or More; and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft D30 General D36 Maintenance 14 CFR part 135—Operating Requirements: Commuter and on Demand Operations and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft E01 General E02 Flight Operations E03 Aircraft and Equipment E04 VFR/IFR Operating Limitations and Weather Requirements E05 Flight Crewmember Requirements E06 Crewmember Flight Time and Duty Period Limitations and Rest Requirements E07 Crewmember Testing Requirements E08 Training E09 Airplane Performance Operating Limitations E10 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations E11 Appendix A: Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes E12 Special Federal Aviation Regulations SFAR No. 36 E13 Special Federal Aviation Regulations SFAR No. 38 14 CFR part 183—Representatives of the Administrator E150 General E151 Certification of Representatives E152 Kinds of Designations: Privileges 6
US HMR 172—Hazardous Materials Table F02 General US HMR 175—Materials Transportation Bureau Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) G01 General Information and Regulations G02 Loading, Unloading, and Handling G03 Specific Regulation Applicable According to Classification of Material NTSB 830—Rules Pertaining to the Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents or Incidents and Overdue Aircraft, and Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage, Mail, Cargo, and Records G10 General G11 Initial Notification of Aircraft Accidents, Incidents, and Overdue Aircraft G12 Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage, Mail, Cargo, and Records G13 Reporting of Aircraft Accidents, Incidents, and Overdue Aircraft The Powered Parachute Bible—Media Max, First Edition H01 Airframe H02 Wing H03 Powerplant H04 4-cycle and 2-cycle Engines H05 4-cycle vs. 2-cycle H06 Electrical Output H07 Ignition Systems H08 Oil and Fuel H09 Engine Gauges H10 Propeller H11 Aerodynamics H12 Preflight H13 Operations Trikes, The Flex-Wing Flyers, H & L Press, Second Edition H20 Principles of Flight H21 Weight-Shift Ultralight H22 Effects of Flight Controls H23 Preflight and Postflight H24 Navigation H25 Flight H26 Clothing and Equipment H27 Triking Activities FAA-H-8083-1—Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook H100 Why is Weight and Balance Important?
H101 Weight Control 7
H102 Effects of Weight H103 Weight Changes H104 Stability and Balance Control H105 Weight and Balance Theory H106 Weight and Balance Documents H107 Requirements H108 Equipment for Weighing H109 Preparation for Weighing H110 Determining the Center of Gravity H111 Empty-Weight Center of Gravity Formulas H112 Determining the Loaded Weight and CG H113 Multiengine Airplane Weight and Balance Computations H114 Determining the Loaded CG H115 Equipment List H116 Weight and Balance Revision Record H117 Weight Changes Caused by a Repair or Alteration H118 Empty-Weight CG Range H119 Adverse-Loaded CG Checks H120 Ballast H121 Weighing Requirements H122 Locating and Monitoring Weight and CG Location H123 Determining the Correct Stabilizer Trim Setting H124 Determining CG Changes Caused by Modifying the Cargo H125 Determining Cargo Pallet Loads with Regard to Floor Loading Limits H126 Determining the Maximum Amount of Payload That Can Be Carried H127 Determining the Landing Weight H128 Determining the Minutes of Fuel Dump Time H129 Weight and Balance of Commuter Category Airplanes H130 Determining the Loaded CG of a Helicopter H131 Using an Electronic Calculator to Solve Weight and Balance Problems H132 Using an E6-B Flight Computer to Solve Weight and Balance Problems H133 Using a Dedicated Electronic Computer to Solve Weight and Balance Problems H134 Typical Weight and Balance Problems H135 Glossary FAA-H-8083-9—Aviation Instructor Handbook H200 Learning Theory H201 Definition of Learning H202 Characteristics of Learning H203 Principles of Learning H204 Levels of Learning H205 Learning Physical Skills H206 Memory H207 Transfer of Learning H208 Control of Human Behavior H210 Human Needs H211 Defense Mechanisms H212 The Flight Instructor as a Practical Psychologist H213 Basic Elements 8
H214 Barriers to Effective Communication H215 Developing Communication Skills H216 Preparation H217 Presentation H218 Application H219 Review and Evaluation H220 Organizing Material H221 Lecture Method H222 Cooperative or Group Learning Method H223 Guided Discussion Method H224 Demonstration-Performance Method H225 Computer-Based Training Method H226 The Instructor as a Critic H227 Evaluation H228 Instructional Aid Theory H229 Reasons for Use of Instructional Aids H230 Guidelines for Use of Instructional Aids H231 Types of Instructional Aids H232 Test Preparation Material H233 Aviation Instructor Responsibilities H234 Flight Instructor Responsibilities H235 Professionalism H236 The Telling-and-Doing Technique H237 Integrated Flight Instruction H238 Obstacles to Learning During Flight Instruction H239 Positive Exchange of Flight Controls H240 Use of Distractions H241 Aeronautical Decision Making H242 Factors Affecting Decision Making H243 Operational Pitfalls H244 Evaluating Student Decision Making H245 Course of Training H246 Blocks of Learning H247 Training Syllabus H248 Lesson Plans H249 Growth and Development H250 Sources of Material H251 Appendix A—Sample Test Items H252 Appendix B—Instructor Endorsements H253 Glossary AC 61-23—Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge [Superceded by FAA-H-8083-25] H300 Forces Acting on the Airplane in Flight H301 Turning Tendency (Torque Effect) H302 Airplane Stability H303 Loads and Load Factors H304 Airplane Structure H305 Flight Control Systems H306 Electrical System 9
H307 Engine Operation H308 Propeller H309 Starting the Engine H310 Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge H311 Aircraft Documents, Maintenance, and Inspections H312 The Pitot-Static System and Associated Instruments H313 Gyroscopic Flight Instruments H314 Magnetic Compass H315 Weight Control H316 Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity H317 Airplane Performance H318 Observations H319 Service Outlets H320 Weather Briefings H321 Nature of the Atmosphere H322 The Cause of Atmospheric Circulation H323 Moisture and Temperature H324 Air Masses and Fronts H325 Aviation Weather Reports, Forecasts, and Weather Charts H326 Types of Airports H327 Sources for Airport Data H328 Airport Markings and Signs H329 Airport Lighting H330 Wind Direction Indicators H331 Radio Communications H332 Air Traffic Services H333 Wake Turbulence H334 Collision Avoidance H335 Controlled Airspace H336 Uncontrolled Airspace H337 Special Use Airspace H338 Other Airspace Areas H339 Aeronautical Charts H340 Latitude and Longitude H341 Effect of Wind H342 Basic Calculations H343 Pilotage H344 Dead Reckoning H345 Flight Planning H346 Charting the Course H347 Filing a VFR Flight Plan H348 Radio Navigation H349 Obtaining a Medical Certificate H350 Health Factors Affecting Pilot Performance H351 Environmental Factors which Affect Pilot Performance FAA-H-8083-11—Balloon Flying Handbook H400 History H401 Physics 10
H402 Basic Balloon Terms H403 Balloon Components H404 Support Equipment H405 Choosing a Balloon H406 Flight Planning H407 Preflight Operations H408 Checklists H409 Crew H410 Chase H411 Inflation H412 Launch H413 Approach to Landing H414 Landing H415 Standard Burn H416 Level Flight H417 Use of Instruments H418 Ascents and Descents H419 Maneuvering H420 Winds Above H421 Winds Below H422 Contour Flying H423 Radio Communications H424 Deflation H425 Preparing for Pack-up H426 Legal Considerations H427 Propane Management and Fueling H428 Tethering H429 Emergency Procedures H430 Regulations H431 Maintenance H432 Earning a Pilot Certificate H433 Practical Test Standards H434 Skill Development H435 What is a Good Instructor H436 Aeronautical Decision Making H437 Types of Decisions H438 Effectiveness of ADM H439 Glossary FAA-H-8083-3—Airplane Flying Handbook [Superceded by FAA-H-8083-3A] H501 Choosing a Flight School H502 Instructor/Student Relationship H503 Role of the FAA H504 Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs) H505 Study Habits H506 Study Materials H507 Collision Avoidance H509 Pilot Assessment H510 Preflight Preparation and Flight Planning 11
H511 Airplane Preflight Inspection H512 Minimum Equipment Lists (MELs) and Operations with Inoperative Equipment H513 Cockpit Management H514 Use of Checklists H515 Ground Operations H516 Taxiing H517 Taxi Clearances at Airports with an Operating Control Tower H518 Before Takeoff Check H519 After-landing H520 Postflight H522 Terms and Definitions H523 Prior to Takeoff H524 Normal Takeoff H525 Crosswind Takeoff H526 Short-field Takeoff and Climb H527 Soft-field Takeoff and Climb H528 Rejected Takeoff H529 Noise Abatement H531 Integrated Flight Instruction H532 Attitude Flying H533 Straight-and-level Flight H534 Turns H535 Climbs H536 Descents H538 Slow Flight H539 Stalls H540 Spins H541 Spin Procedures H542 Aircraft Limitations H543 Weight and Balance Requirements H545 Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects H546 Performance Maneuvers H548 Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations H549 Normal Approach and Landing H550 Crosswind Approach and Landing H551 Short-field Approach and Landing H552 Soft-field Approach and Landing H553 Power-off Accuracy Approaches H554 Faulty Approaches and Landings H555 Final Approaches H556 Roundout (Flare) H557 Touchdown H559 Basic Instrument Training H560 Basic Instrument Flight H561 Use of Navigation Systems H562 Use of Radar Services H564 Night Vision H565 Night Illusions H566 Pilot Equipment H567 Airplane Equipment and Lighting 12