AC 60-25F

Historical

Advisory circular · Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes for Airman Knowledge Testing

Approved
June 8, 2004
Last reviewed
October 9, 2024
This change
Canceled by Memo signed by Robert C. Carty and Derek Honda; dated 3/2/2021.
Cancels
AC60-25E
Family
AC 60-25 · 3 versions
Revision
F
14 CFR parts
1, 21, 23, 25, 27, 39, 43, 45, 61, 63, 65, 71, 91, 97, 105, 119, 121, 125, 135, 183
14 CFR sections
§ 23.29§ 91.417

Guidance, not mandatory unless a rule or AD requires it. DRS record last changed November 21, 2025.

Show pages 1–9

H307 Engine Operation H308 Propeller H309 Starting the Engine H310 Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge H311 Aircraft Documents, Maintenance, and Inspections H312 The Pitot-Static System and Associated Instruments H313 Gyroscopic Flight Instruments H314 Magnetic Compass H315 Weight Control H316 Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity H317 Airplane Performance H318 Observations H319 Service Outlets H320 Weather Briefings H321 Nature of the Atmosphere H322 The Cause of Atmospheric Circulation H323 Moisture and Temperature H324 Air Masses and Fronts H325 Aviation Weather Reports, Forecasts, and Weather Charts H326 Types of Airports H327 Sources for Airport Data H328 Airport Markings and Signs H329 Airport Lighting H330 Wind Direction Indicators H331 Radio Communications H332 Air Traffic Services H333 Wake Turbulence H334 Collision Avoidance H335 Controlled Airspace H336 Uncontrolled Airspace H337 Special Use Airspace H338 Other Airspace Areas H339 Aeronautical Charts H340 Latitude and Longitude H341 Effect of Wind H342 Basic Calculations H343 Pilotage H344 Dead Reckoning H345 Flight Planning H346 Charting the Course H347 Filing a VFR Flight Plan H348 Radio Navigation H349 Obtaining a Medical Certificate H350 Health Factors Affecting Pilot Performance H351 Environmental Factors which Affect Pilot Performance FAA-H-8083-11—Balloon Flying Handbook H400 History H401 Physics 10

H402 Basic Balloon Terms H403 Balloon Components H404 Support Equipment H405 Choosing a Balloon H406 Flight Planning H407 Preflight Operations H408 Checklists H409 Crew H410 Chase H411 Inflation H412 Launch H413 Approach to Landing H414 Landing H415 Standard Burn H416 Level Flight H417 Use of Instruments H418 Ascents and Descents H419 Maneuvering H420 Winds Above H421 Winds Below H422 Contour Flying H423 Radio Communications H424 Deflation H425 Preparing for Pack-up H426 Legal Considerations H427 Propane Management and Fueling H428 Tethering H429 Emergency Procedures H430 Regulations H431 Maintenance H432 Earning a Pilot Certificate H433 Practical Test Standards H434 Skill Development H435 What is a Good Instructor H436 Aeronautical Decision Making H437 Types of Decisions H438 Effectiveness of ADM H439 Glossary FAA-H-8083-3—Airplane Flying Handbook [Superceded by FAA-H-8083-3A] H501 Choosing a Flight School H502 Instructor/Student Relationship H503 Role of the FAA H504 Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs) H505 Study Habits H506 Study Materials H507 Collision Avoidance H509 Pilot Assessment H510 Preflight Preparation and Flight Planning 11

H511 Airplane Preflight Inspection H512 Minimum Equipment Lists (MELs) and Operations with Inoperative Equipment H513 Cockpit Management H514 Use of Checklists H515 Ground Operations H516 Taxiing H517 Taxi Clearances at Airports with an Operating Control Tower H518 Before Takeoff Check H519 After-landing H520 Postflight H522 Terms and Definitions H523 Prior to Takeoff H524 Normal Takeoff H525 Crosswind Takeoff H526 Short-field Takeoff and Climb H527 Soft-field Takeoff and Climb H528 Rejected Takeoff H529 Noise Abatement H531 Integrated Flight Instruction H532 Attitude Flying H533 Straight-and-level Flight H534 Turns H535 Climbs H536 Descents H538 Slow Flight H539 Stalls H540 Spins H541 Spin Procedures H542 Aircraft Limitations H543 Weight and Balance Requirements H545 Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects H546 Performance Maneuvers H548 Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations H549 Normal Approach and Landing H550 Crosswind Approach and Landing H551 Short-field Approach and Landing H552 Soft-field Approach and Landing H553 Power-off Accuracy Approaches H554 Faulty Approaches and Landings H555 Final Approaches H556 Roundout (Flare) H557 Touchdown H559 Basic Instrument Training H560 Basic Instrument Flight H561 Use of Navigation Systems H562 Use of Radar Services H564 Night Vision H565 Night Illusions H566 Pilot Equipment H567 Airplane Equipment and Lighting 12

H568 Airport and Navigation Lighting Aids H569 Preparation and Preflight H570 Starting, Taxiing, and Runup H571 Takeoff and Climb H572 Orientation and Navigation H573 Approaches and Landings H574 Night Emergencies H576 VOR Navigation H577 VOR/DME RNAV H578 LORAN-C Navigation H579 Global Positioning System (GPS) H580 Radar Services H582 Systems and Equipment Malfunctions H583 Emergency Approaches and Landings (Actual) H585 Airplane Systems H586 Pressurized Airplanes H587 Oxygen Systems H588 Physiological Altitude Limits H589 Regulatory Requirements H591 Multiengine Performance Characteristics H592 The Critical Engine H593 Vmc for Certification H594 Performance H595 Factors in Takeoff Planning H596 Accelerates/Stop Distance H597 Propeller Feathering H598 Use of Trim Tabs H599 Preflight Preparation H600 Checklist H601 Taxiing H602 Normal Takeoffs H603 Crosswind Takeoffs H604 Short-field or Obstacle Clearance Takeoff H605 Stalls H606 Emergency Descent H607 Approaches and Landings H608 Crosswind Landings H609 Short-field Landing H610 Go-around Procedure H611 Engine Inoperative Emergencies H612 Engine Inoperative Procedures H613 Vmc Demonstrations H614 Engine Failure Before Lift-off (Rejected Takeoff) H615 Engine Failure After Lift-off H616 Engine Failure En Route H617 Engine Inoperative Approach and Landing H618 Types of Decisions H619 Effectiveness of ADM 13

FAA-H-8083-21—Rotorcraft Flying Handbook H700 Glossary Helicopter H701 Introduction to the Helicopter H702 General Aerodynamics H703 Aerodynamics of Flight H704 Autorotation H705 Helicopter Flight Controls H706 Helicopter Systems H707 Engines H708 Transmission System H709 Main Rotor System H710 Fuel Systems H711 Electrical Systems H712 Hydraulics H713 Stability Augmentations Systems H714 Autopilot H715 Environmental Systems H716 Anti-Icing Systems H717 Rotorcraft Flight Manual H718 Operating Limitations H719 Weight and Balance H720 Performance H721 Performance Charts H722 Basic Flight Maneuvers H723 Minimum Equipment Lists H724 Rotor Safety Considerations H725 Vertical Takeoff to a Hover H726 Hovering H727 Taxiing H728 Turns H729 Normal Takeoff H730 Ground Reference Maneuvers H731 Traffic Patterns H732 Approaches H733 Go-Around H734 Noise Abatement Procedures H735 Advance Flight Maneuvers H736 Reconnaissance Procedures H737 Maximum Performance Takeoff H738 Running/Rolling Takeoff H739 Rapid Deceleration (Quick Stop) H740 Steep Approach to a Hover H741 Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing H742 Slope Operations H743 Confined Area Operations H744 Pinnacle and Ridgeline Operations 14

H745 Helicopter Emergencies H746 Autorotation H747 Height/Velocity Diagram H748 Retreating Blade Stall H749 Ground Resonance H750 Dynamic Rollover H751 Low G Conditions and Mast Bumping H752 Low Rotor RPM and Blade Stall H753 Recovery From Low Rotor RPM H754 Systems Flight Diversion Malfunctions H755 Lost Procedures H756 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear H757 Attitude Instrument Flying H758 Flight Instruments H759 Night Operations H760 Aeronautical Decision Making Gyroplanes H761 Introduction to the Gyroplane H762 Aerodynamics of the Gyroplane H763 Autorotations H764 Rotor Disc Regions H765 Retreating Blade Stall H766 Rotor Force H767 Stability H768 Horizontal Stabilizer H769 Propeller Thrust Line H770 Gyroplane Flight Controls H771 Cyclic Control H772 Gyroplanes Systems H773 Semirigid Rotor Systems H774 Fully Articulated Rotor System H775 Prerotator H776 Rotorcraft Flight Manual H777 Weight and Balance H778 Performance H779 Height/Velocity Diagram H780 Gyroplane Flight Operations H781 Taxi H782 Blade Flap H783 Takeoff H784 Jump Takeoff H785 Basic Flight Maneuvers H786 Ground Reference Maneuvers H787 Flight at Slow Airspeeds H788 High Rate of Descent H789 Landings/Crosswind H790 Go Around H791 Gyroplane Emergencies 15

H792 Aborted Takeoff H793 Lift-Off at Low Airspeed and High Angle of Attack H794 Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) H795 Buntover (Power Pushover) H796 Ground Reference H797 Emergency Approach and Landing H798 Aeronautical Decision Making FAA-H-8083-15—Instrument Flying Handbook Human Factors H800 Sensory Systems H801 Spatial Disorientation H802 Optical Illusions H803 Physiological and Psychological Factors H804 Medical Factors H805 Aeronautical Decision Making H806 Crew/Cockpit Resource Management Aerodynamics H807 Basic Aerodynamics Flight Instruments H808 Pitot Static H809 Compass H810 Gyroscopic H811 Flight Director H812 Systems Preflight Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying H813 Fundamental Skills Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers H814 Straight-and-level Flight H815 Straight Climbs and Descents H816 Turns H817 Approach to Stall H818 Unusual Attitude Recoveries H819 Instrument Takeoff H820 Instrument Flight Patterns Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying H821 Instrument Flight H822 Straight-and-level 16

H823 Straight Climbs H824 Straight Descents H825 Turns H826 Unusual Attitude Recoveries H827 Emergencies H828 Instrument Takeoff Navigation Systems H829 Basic Radio Principals H830 Nondirectional Beacon (NDB) H831 Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) H832 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) H833 Area Navigation (RNAV) H834 Long Range Navigation (LORAN) H835 Global Positioning System (GPS) H836 Inertia Navigation System (INS) H837 Instrument Landing System (ILS) H838 Microwave Landing System (MLS) H839 Flight Management Systems (FMS) H840 Head-up Display (HUD) H841 Radar Navigation (Ground Based) National Airspace System H842 IFR Enroute Charts H843 U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications H844 Instrument Approach Procedures Air Traffic Control Systems H845 Communications Equipment H846 Communications Procedures H847 Communications Facilities IFR Flight H848 Planning H849 Clearances H850 Departures H851 Enroute H852 Holding H853 Arrival H854 Approaches H855 Flying Experience H856 Weather Conditions H857 Conducting an IFR Flight 17

Emergency Operations H858 Unforecast Adverse Weather H859 Aircraft System Malfunction H860 Communication/Navigation System Malfunction H861 Loss of Situational Awareness Glossary H862 Glossary Gyroplane Flight Training Manual—Jean-Pierre Harrison H660 General Aerodynamics H661 Aerodynamics of Flight H662 Rotor RPM During Autorotations H663 Function of the Controls H664 Some Hazards of Gyroplane Flight H665 Precautionary Measures and Critical Conditions H666 Gyroplane Flight Maneuvers FAA-H-8083-25—Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Aircraft Structure H900 Aircraft Structure H901 Major Components Principles of Flight H902 Principles of Flight H903 Structure of the Atmosphere H904 Newton’s Laws of Motion and Force H905 Magnus Effect H906 Bernoulli’s Principle of Pressure H907 Airfoil Design H908 Low Pressure Above H909 High Pressure Below H910 Pressure Distribution Aerodynamics of Flight H911 Aerodynamics of Flight H912 Forces Acting on the Airplane H913 Wingtip Vortices H914 Ground Effect H915 Axes of an Airplane H916 Moments and Moment Arm H917 Design Characteristics H918 Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers 18

H919 Stalls H920 Basic Propeller Principles H921 Load Factors H922 Weight and Balance H923 High Speed Flight Flight Controls H924 Flight Controls H925 Primary Flight Controls H926 Secondary Flight Controls Aircraft Systems H927 Aircraft Systems H928 Powerplant H929 Pressurized Airplanes H930 Turbine Engines Flight Instruments H931 Pitot-Static Flight Instruments H932 Gyroscopic Flight Instruments H933 Magnetic Compass H934 Outside Air Temperature Gauge Flight Manuals and Other Documents H935 Airplane Flight Manuals H936 Aircraft Documents H937 Aircraft Maintenance Weight and Balance H938 Weight and Balance H939 Weight Control H940 Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity H941 Determining Loaded Weight and Center of Gravity Aircraft Performance H942 Aircraft Performance H943 Importance of Performance Data H944 Structure of the Atmosphere H945 Performance H946 Takeoff and Landing Performance H947 Performance Speeds H948 Performance Charts H949 Transport Category Airplane Performance H950 Examples of Performance Charts 19

Weather Theory H951 Weather Theory H952 Nature of the Atmosphere H953 The Cause of Atmosphere Circulation H954 Atmospheric Stability H955 Air Masses H956 Fronts Weather Reports, Forecasts, and Charts H957 Weather Reports, Forecasts, and Charts H958 Observations H959 Service Outlets H960 Weather Briefings H961 Aviation Weather Reports H962 Aviation Forecasts H963 Weather Charts Airport Operations H964 Airport Operations H965 Types of Airports H966 Sources for Airport Data H967 Airport Markings and Signs H968 Airport Lighting H969 Wind Direction Indicators H970 Radio Communications H971 Air Traffic Control Services H972 Wake Turbulence H973 Collision Avoidance Procedures Airspace H974 Airspace H975 Controlled Airspace H976 Uncontrolled Airspace H977 Special Use Airspace H978 Other Airspace Areas Navigation H979 Navigation H980 Aeronautical Charts H981 Latitude and Longitude (Meridians and Parallels) H982 Effect of Wind H983 Basic Calculations H984 Pilotage H985 Dead Reckoning H986 Flight Planning 20

H987 Charting the Course H988 Filing a VFR Flight Plan H989 Radio Navigation H990 Lost Procedures H991 Flight Diversion Aeromedical Factors H992 Aeromedical Factors H993 Obtaining a Medical Certificates H994 Environmental and Health Factors Affecting Pilot Performance H995 Vision in Flight Aeronautical Decision Making H996 The Decision-Making Process H997 Risk Management H998 Factors Affecting Decision Making FAA-H-8083-13—Glider Flying Handbook Introduction H1000 Introduction to Glider Flying H1001 Gliders–The Early Years H1002 Glider or Sailplane H1003 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements H1004 Aeronautical Decision Making H1005 Origins of ADM Training H1006 The Decision-Making Process H1007 Risk Management H1008 Factors Affecting Decision Making H1009 Operational Pitfalls H1010 Medical Factors Associated with Glider Flying Components and Systems H1011 Components and Systems H1012 The Fuselage H1013 Lift/Drag Devices H1014 The Empennage H1015 Powerplant H1016 Landing Gear Aerodynamics of Flight H1017 Aerodynamics of Flight H1018 Airfoil H1019 Forces of Flight H1020 Three Axes of Rotation 21