AC 60-25F

Historical

Advisory circular · Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes for Airman Knowledge Testing

Approved
June 8, 2004
Last reviewed
October 9, 2024
This change
Canceled by Memo signed by Robert C. Carty and Derek Honda; dated 3/2/2021.
Cancels
AC60-25E
Family
AC 60-25 · 3 versions
Revision
F
14 CFR parts
1, 21, 23, 25, 27, 39, 43, 45, 61, 63, 65, 71, 91, 97, 105, 119, 121, 125, 135, 183
14 CFR sections
§ 23.29§ 91.417

Guidance, not mandatory unless a rule or AD requires it. DRS record last changed November 21, 2025.

Show pages 15–26

H1304 Engine Inoperative—Loss of Directional Control Demonstration H1305 Multiengine Training Considerations Transition to Tailwheel H1306 Tailwheel Airplanes H1307 Landing Gear H1308 Taxiing H1309 Normal Takeoff Roll H1310 Takeoff H1311 Crosswind Takeoff H1312 Short-Field Takeoff H1313 Touchdown H1314 After-Landing Roll H1315 Crosswind Landing H1316 Crosswind After-Landing Roll H1317 Wheel Landing H1318 Short-Field Landing H1319 Soft-Field Landing H1320 Ground Loop Transition to Turbopropeller Powered Airplanes H1321 General H1322 The Gas Turbine Engine H1323 Turboprop Engines H1324 Turboprop Engine Types H1325 Reverse Thrust and Beta Range Operations H1326 Turboprop Airplane Electrical Systems H1327 Training Considerations Transition to Jet Powered Airplanes H1328 General H1329 Jet Engine Basics H1330 Operating the Jet Engines H1331 Jet Engine Efficiency H1332 Absence of Propeller Effect H1333 Absence of Propeller Slipstream H1334 Absence of Propeller Drag H1335 Speed Margins H1336 Recovery from Overspeed Conditions H1337 Mach Buffet Boundaries H1338 Low Speed Flight H1339 Stalls H1340 Drag Devices H1341 Thrust Reversers H1342 Pilot Sensations in Jet Flying H1343 Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb 27

Emergency Procedures H1344 Emergency Situations H1345 Emergency Landings H1346 Basic Safety Concepts H1347 Terrain Types H1348 Engine Failure After Takeoff (Single-Engine) H1349 Emergency Descents H1350 In-Flight Fire H1351 Flight Control Malfunction/Failure H1352 Landing Gear Malfunction H1353 Systems Malfunctions H1354 Abnormal Engine Instrument Indications H1355 Door Opening In Flight H1356 Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC Glossary H1357 Glossary Index H1358 Index FAA-H-8261-1—Instrument Procedures Handbook H1400 IFR Operations in the National Airspace System H1401 Brief History of the National Airspace System H1402 System Safety .

H1403 System Capacity H1404 Managing Safety and Capacity H1405 Automated Radar Terminal System H1406 Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System H1407 Precision Approach Radar H1408 Bright Radar Indicator Terminal Equipment H1409 Radar Coverage H1410 Communications H1411 Avionics and Instrumentation H1412 Takeoffs and Departures H1413 Safety in the Departure Environment H1414 Take Off Minimums H1415 Departure Procedures H1416 En Route Operations H1417 En Route Navigation .

H1418 IFR En Route Altitudes H1419 Reporting Procedures H1420 Communication Failure H1421 Climbing and Descending En Route H1422 Holding Procedures H1423 Fuel State Awareness 28

H1424 Diversion Procedures H1425 En Route RNAV Procedures H1426 Arrivals H1427 Transition From En Route H1428 Standard Terminal Arrival Routes H1429 Arrival Procedures H1430 Approaches H1431 Approach Planning H1432 Air Route Traffic Control Center H1433 Instrument Approach Procedure Briefing H1434 Instrument Approach Procedure Segments H1435 Types of Approaches H1436 System Improvement Plans H1437 Fleet Improvement H1438 Increasing Capacity and Safety H1439 Reducing En Route Congestion H1440 Developing Technology H1441 Airborne Navigation Databases H1442 Evolution of Airborne Navigation Databases H1443 Composition of Airborne Navigation Databases H1444 Operational Limitations of Airborne Navigation Databases H1445 Approach Chart Format Changes H1446 Changing Formats H1447 Differences Between the Formats H1448 Features of the Pilot Briefing Information Chart Format H1449 Helicopter Instrument Procedures H1450 Helicopter IFR Certification H1451 Flight and Navigation Equipment H1452 Miscellaneous Requirements H1453 Stability H1454 Rotorcraft Flight Manual Limitations H1455 Operations Specifications H1456 Minimum Equipment List H1457 Pilot Proficiency H1458 Helicopter VFR Minimums H1459 Helicopter Takeoff Minimums H1460 Helicopter IFR Alternates H1461 Part 91 Operators H1462 Part 135 Operators H1463 Helicopter Instrument Approaches H1464 Standard Instrument Approach Procedures to an Airport H1465 Copter Only Approaches to an Airport or Heliport H1466 Copter GPS Approaches to an Airport or Heliport H1467 Special Approaches H1468 Copter Approach to an IFR Heliport H1469 Acronyms and Glossary 29

AC 00-6—Aviation Weather I20 The Earth’s Atmosphere I21 Temperature I22 Atmospheric Pressure and Altimetry I23 Wind I24 Moisture, Cloud Formation, and Precipitation I25 Stable and Unstable Air I26 Clouds I27 Air Masses and Fronts I28 Turbulence I29 Icing I30 Thunderstorms I31 Common IFR Producers I32 High Altitude Weather I33 Arctic Weather I34 Tropical Weather I35 Soaring Weather I36 Glossary of Weather Terms AC 00-45—Aviation Weather Services I54 The Aviation Weather Service Program I55 Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) I56 Pilot and Radar Reports, Satellite Pictures, and Radiosonde Additional Data (RADATs) I57 Aviation Weather Forecasts I58 Surface Analysis Chart I59 Weather Depiction Chart I60 Radar Summary Chart I61 Constant Pressure Analysis Charts I62 Composite Moisture Stability Chart I63 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Chart I64 Significant Weather Prognostic Charts I65 Convective Outlook Chart I66 Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Products I67 Turbulence Locations, Conversion and Density Altitude Tables, Contractions and Acronyms, Station Identifiers, WSR-88D Sites, and Internet Addresses AIM—Aeronautical Information Manual J01 Air Navigation Radio Aids J02 Radar Services and Procedures J03 Airport Lighting Aids J04 Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting J05 Airport Marking Aids and Signs J06 Airspace—General J07 Class G Airspace J08 Controlled Airspace J09 Special Use Airspace J10 Other Airspace Areas 30

J11 Service Available to Pilots J12 Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques J13 Airport Operations J14 ATC Clearance/Separations J15 Preflight J16 Departure Procedures J17 En Route Procedures J18 Arrival Procedures J19 Pilot/Controller Roles and Responsibilities J20 National Security and Interception Procedures J21 Emergency Procedures—General J22 Emergency Services Available to Pilots J23 Distress and Urgency Procedures J24 Two-Way Radio Communications Failure J25 Meteorology J26 Altimeter Setting Procedures J27 Wake Turbulence J28 Bird Hazards, and Flight Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests J29 Potential Flight Hazards J30 Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports J31 Fitness for Flight J32 Type of Charts Available J33 Pilot Controller Glossary J44 Preface Other Documents J34 Airport/Facility Directory J35 En Route Low Altitude Chart J36 En Route High Altitude Chart J37 Sectional Chart J39 Terminal Area Chart J40 Instrument Departure Procedure Chart J41 Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Chart J42 Instrument Approach Procedures J43 Helicopter Route Chart

ADDITIONAL ADVISORY CIRCULARS K01 AC 00-24, Thunderstorms K02 AC 00-30, Atmospheric Turbulence Avoidance K03 AC 00-34, Aircraft Ground Handling and Servicing K04 AC 00-54, Pilot Wind Shear Guide K05 AC 00-55, Announcement of Availability: FAA Order 8130.21A K06 AC 43-4, Corrosion Control for Aircraft K11 AC 20-34, Prevention of Retractable Landing Gear Failures K12 AC 20-32, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Contamination in Aircraft—Detection and Prevention K13 AC 20-43, Aircraft Fuel Control K20 AC 20-103, Aircraft Engine Crankshaft Failure 31

K23 AC 20-121, Airworthiness Approval of Airborne Loran-C Navigation Systems for Use in the U.S. National Airspace System K26 AC 20-138, Airworthiness Approval of Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation Equipment for Use as a VFR and IFR Supplemental Navigation System K40 AC 25-4, Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) K45 AC 39-7, Airworthiness Directives K46 AC 43-9, Maintenance Records K47 AC 43.9-1, Instructions for Completion of FAA Form 337 K48 AC 43-11, Reciprocating Engine Overhaul Terminology and Standards K49 AC 43.13-1, Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and Practices—Aircraft Inspection and Repair K50 AC 43.13-2, Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and Practices—Aircraft Alterations K80 AC 60-4, Pilot’s Spatial Disorientation L05 AC 60-22, Aeronautical Decision Making L10 AC 61-67, Stall Spin Awareness Training L15 AC 61-107, Operations of Aircraft at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet MSL and/or MACH numbers (Mmo) Greater Than .75 L25 FAA-G-8082-11, Inspection Authorization Knowledge Test Guide L34 AC 90-48, Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance L42 AC 90-87, Helicopter Dynamic Rollover (Canceled/Replaced by FAA-H-8083-21) L44 AC 90-94, Guidelines for Using Global Positioning System Equipment for IFR En Route and Terminal Operations and for Nonprecision Instrument Approaches in the U.S. National Airspace System L45 AC 90-95, Unanticipated Right Yaw in Helicopters L50 AC 91-6, Water, Slush, and Snow on the Runway L52 AC 91-13, Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft L53 AC 91-14, Altimeter Setting Sources L57 AC 91-43, Unreliable Airspeed Indications L59 AC 91-46, Gyroscopic Instruments—Good Operating Practices L61 AC 91-50, Importance of Transponder Operation and Altitude Reporting L62 AC 91-51, Effect of Icing on Aircraft Control and Airplane Deice and Anti-Ice Systems L70 AC 91-67, Minimum Equipment Requirements for General Aviation Operations Under FAR Part 91 L80 AC 103-4, Hazard Associated with Sublimation of Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice) Aboard Aircraft L90 AC 105-2, Sport Parachute Jumping M01 AC 120-12, Private Carriage Versus Common Carriage of Persons or Property M02 AC 120-27, Aircraft Weight and Balance Control M08 AC 120-58, Pilot Guide for Large Aircraft Ground Deicing M13 AC 121-195-1, Operational Landing Distances for Wet Runways; Transport Category Airplanes M35 AC 135-17, Pilot Guide—Small Aircraft Ground Deicing M51 AC 20-117, Hazards Following Ground Deicing and Ground Operations in Conditions Conducive to Aircraft Icing M52 AC 00-2, Advisory Circular Checklist Soaring Flight Manual—Jeppesen-Sanderson, Inc.

N20 Sailplane Aerodynamics N21 Performance Considerations N22 Flight Instruments N23 Weather for Soaring 32

N24 Medical Factors N25 Flight Publications and Airspace N26 Aeronautical Charts and Navigation N27 Computations for Soaring N28 Personal Equipment N29 Preflight and Ground Operations N30 Aerotow Launch Procedures N31 Ground Launch Procedures N32 Basic Flight Maneuvers and Traffic N33 Soaring Techniques N34 Cross-Country Soaring Flight Instructor Manual—Balloon Federation of America O10 Flight Instruction Aids O11 Human Behavior and Pilot Proficiency O12 The Flight Check and the Designated Examiner Balloon Digest—Balloon Federation of America O150 Balloon—Theory and Practice O155 Structure of the Modern Balloon O160 Lift-off to Landing O165 Weather for the Balloonist O170 Propane and Fuel Management O171 Chemical and Physical Properties O172 Tanks O173 Burners O174 Hoses O175 Refueling O176 Fuel Contamination O177 Heat Tapes (Coils) O178 Nitrogen Pressurization O179 Repairs and Maintenance Powerline Excerpts—Balloon Federation of America O30 Excerpts Balloon Ground School—Balloon Publishing Co.

O220 Balloon Operations How To Fly A Balloon—Balloon Publishing Co.

O250 Basic Terminology O251 History O252 Physics O253 Equipment O254 Checklists 33

O255 Flight Planning O256 Preflight Operations O257 The Standard Burn O258 Inflation O259 Launch O260 Level Flight O261 Ascents and Descents O262 Contour Flying O263 Maneuvering O264 Approach to Landing O265 Landings O266 Deflation O267 The Chase O268 Landowners Relations O269 Recovery and Pack-up O270 Propane: Management and Fueling O271 Tethering O272 Emergency Procedures O273 Skill Development O274 Crew O275 What is a Good Instructor O276 Regulations O277 Maintenance O278 Earning a Pilot Certificate O279 Radio Communications O280 Appendix 1: Glossary Goodyear Airship Operations Manual P01 Buoyancy P02 Aerodynamics P03 Free Ballooning P04 Aerostatics P05 Envelope P06 Car P07 Powerplant P08 Airship Ground Handling P11 Operating Instructions P12 History P13 Training The Parachute Manual—Para Publishing P31 Regulations P32 The Parachute Rigger Certificate P33 The Parachute Loft P34 Parachute Materials P35 Personnel Parachute Assemblies P36 Parachute Component Parts P37 Maintenance, Alteration, and Manufacturing Procedures 34

P38 Design and Construction P39 Parachute Inspecting and Packing P40 Glossary/Index The Parachute Manual, Vol. II—Para Publishing P51 Parachute Regulations P52 The Parachute Rigger’s Certificate P53 The Parachute Loft P54 Parachute Materials P55 Personnel Parachute Assemblies P56 Parachute Component Parts P57 Maintenance, Alteration, and Manufacturing P58 Parachute Design and Construction P59 Parachute Inspection and Packing P60 Appendix P61 Conversion Tables P62 Product/Manufacturer—Index P63 Name and Manufacture—Index P64 Glossary-Index AC 65-9—Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics General Handbook S01 Mathematics S02 Aircraft Drawings S03 Aircraft Weight and Balance S04 Fuels and Fuel Systems S05 Fluid Lines and Fittings S06 Aircraft Hardware, Materials, and Processes S07 Physics S08 Basic Electricity S09 Aircraft Generators and Motors S10 Inspection Fundamentals S11 Ground Handling, Safety, and Support Equipment AC 65-12—Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Powerplant Handbook S12 Theory and Construction of Aircraft Engines S13 Induction and Exhaust Systems S14 Engine Fuel and Metering Systems S15 Engine Ignition and Electrical Systems S16 Engine Starting Systems S17 Lubrication and Cooling Systems S18 Propellers S19 Engine Fire Protection Systems S20 Engine Maintenance and Operation 35

AC 65-15—Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Airframe Handbook S21 Aircraft Structures S22 Assembly and Rigging S23 Aircraft Structural Repairs S24 Ice and Rain Protection S25 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems S26 Landing Gear Systems S27 Fire Protection Systems S28 Aircraft Electrical Systems S29 Aircraft Instrument Systems S30 Communications and Navigation Systems S31 Cabin Atmosphere Control Systems JSGT—A&P Technician General Textbook—Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.

S32 Mathematics S33 Physics S34 Basic Electricity S35 Electrical Generators and Motors S36 Aircraft Drawings S37 Weight and Balance S38 Fluid Lines and Fittings S39 Aircraft Hardware S40 Corrosion and Its Control S41 Nondestructive Inspection S42 Ground Handling and Servicing S43 Maintenance Forms and Records S44 Maintenance Publications JSPT—A&P Technician Powerplant Textbook—Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.

S45 Reciprocating Engines S46 Turbine Engines S47 Engine Removal and Replacement S48 Engine Maintenance and Operation S49 Induction and Exhaust Systems S50 Engine Fuel and Fuel Metering S51 Engine Ignition and Electrical Systems S52 Engine Lubrication and Cooling Systems S53 Engine Fire Protection Systems S54 Propellers JSAT—A&P Technician Airframe Textbook—Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.

S55 Aircraft Structures S56 Assembly and Rigging S57 Aircraft Fabric Covering S58 Aircraft Painting and Finishing S59 Aircraft Metal Structural Repair 36

1 2 3 4 5 6 6/8/04 AC 60-25F S60 Aircraft Wood and Composite Structural Repair S61 Aircraft Welding S62 Ice and Rain Control Systems S63 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems S64 Aircraft Landing Gear Systems S65 Fire Protection Systems S66 Aircraft Electrical Systems S67 Aircraft Instrument Systems S68 Aircraft Fuel Systems S69 Aircraft Cabin Atmosphere Control Systems AGTP—Aircraft Gas Turbine Powerplants—Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.

S70 History of Turbine Engine Development S71 Jet Propulsion Theory S72 Turbine Engine Design and Construction S73 Engine Familiarization S74 Inspection and Maintenance S75 Lubrication Systems S76 Fuel Systems S77 Compressor Anti-Stall Systems S78 Anti-Icing Systems S79 Starter Systems S80 Ignition Systems S81 Engine Instrument Systems S82 Fire/Overheat Detection and Extinguishing Systems for Turbine Engines S83 Engine Operation The Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine and Its Operation—United Technologies Corporation, Pratt Whitney, 1988 T01 Gas Turbine Engine Fundamentals T02 Gas Turbine Engine Terms T03 Gas Turbine Engine Components T04 Gas Turbine Engine Operation T05 Operational Characteristics of Jet Engines T06 Gas Turbine Engine Performance Aircraft Powerplants—Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, Seventh Edition T07 Aircraft Powerplant Classification and Progress T08 Reciprocating-Engine Construction and Nomenclature T09 Internal-Combustion Engine Theory and Performance T10 Lubricants and Lubricating Systems T1 Induction Systems, Superchargers, Turbochargers, and Cooling and Exhaust Systems T1 Basic Fuel Systems and Carburetors T1 Fuel Injection Systems T1 Reciprocating-Engine Ignition and Starting Systems T1 Operation, Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting of Reciprocating Engines T1 Reciprocating-Engine Overhaul Practices 37

T17 Gas Turbine Engine: Theory, Construction, and Nomenclature T18 Gas Turbine Engine: Fuels and Fuel Systems T19 Turbine-Engine Lubricants and Lubricating Systems T20 Ignition and Starting Systems of Gas-Turbine Engines T21 Turbofan Engines T22 Turboprop Engines T23 Turboshaft Engines T24 Gas-Turbine Operation, Inspection, Troubleshooting, Maintenance, and Overhaul T25 Propeller Theory, Nomenclature, and Operation T26 Turbopropellers and Control Systems T27 Propeller Installation, Inspection, and Maintenance T29 Engine Indicating, Warning, and Control Systems ATD—Aircraft Technical Dictionary—Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.

T30 Definitions Aircraft Basic Science—Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, Seventh Edition T31 Fundamentals of Mathematics T32 Science Fundamentals T33 Basic Aerodynamics T34 Airfoils and their Applications T35 Aircraft in Flight T36 Aircraft Drawings T37 Weight and Balance T38 Aircraft Materials T39 Fabrication Techniques and Processes T40 Standard Aircraft Hardware T41 Aircraft Fluid Lines and their Fittings T42 Federal Aviation Regulations and Publications T43 Ground Handling and Safety T44 Aircraft Inspection and Servicing Aircraft Maintenance and Repair—Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, Sixth Edition T45 Aircraft Structures T46 Aircraft Fluid Power Systems T47 Aircraft Landing-Gear Systems T48 Aircraft Fuel Systems T49 Environmental Systems T50 Aircraft Instruments and Instrument Systems T51 Auxiliary Systems T52 Assembly and Rigging TCAS—Transport Category Aircraft Systems—Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.

T53 Types, Design Features and Configurations of Transport Aircraft T54 Auxiliary Power Units, Pneumatic, and Environmental Control Systems T55 Anti-Icing Systems and Rain Protection 38