FAA-S-8081-14 4-24 VII. AREA OF OPERATION:
NAVIGATION A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-84.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning.
2. Follows the preplanned course solely by reference to landmarks.
3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols.
4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeeds, and elapsed time.
5. Corrects for and records the differences between preflight fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en route.
6. Verifies the seaplane's position within 3 nautical miles of the flight-planned route at all times.
7. Arrives at the en route checkpoints and destination within 5 minutes of the ETA.
8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters) and established heading, ±15°.
9. Completes all appropriate checklists.
B. TASK: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation systems and radar services.
2. Selects and identifies the appropriate navi gation system/facility.
3. Locates the seaplane's position using radials, bearings, or coordinates, as appropriate.
4. Intercepts and tracks a given radial or bearing, if appropriate.
5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station passage, if appropriate.
6. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action.
7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing ATC radar services.
8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters).
FAA-S-8081-144-25 C. TASK: DIVERSION REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.
2. Selects an appropriate alternate landing area/airport and route.
3. Diverts promptly toward the alternate landing area/airport.
4. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel consumption to the alternate seaplane base/airport.
5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters) and established heading, ±15°.
D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.
2. Selects the best course of action when given a lost situation.
3. Maintains the original or an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary.
4. Identifies the nearest concentration of prominent landmarks.
5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an appropriate ATC facility for assistance, as appropriate.
6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or fuel exhaustion is impending.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-26 VIII. AREA OF OPERATION:
SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering during slow flight.
2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Stabilizes the airspeed at 1.2 VS1, +10/-5 knots.
4. Accomplishes coordinated straight-and-level flight and level turns, at bank angles and in configurations as specified by the examiner.
5. Accomplishes coordinated climbs and descents, straight and turning, at bank angles and in configurations, as specified by the examiner.
6. Divides attention between seaplane control and orientation.
7. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters); the specified heading, ±10°; and the specified airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
8. Maintains the specified angle of bank, not to exceed 30° in level flight, +0/-10°; maintains the specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20° in climbing or descending flight, +0/-10°; rolls out on the specified heading, ±10°; and levels off from climbs and descents within ±100 feet (30 meters).
FAA-S-8081-144-27 B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS NOTE: No stall shall be performed with one engine throttled or inoperative and the other engine(s) developing effective power.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61- 67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls. This shall include an understanding of the aerodynamics of a stall which occurs as a result of uncoordinated flight. Emphasis shall be placed upon recognition of and recovery from a power-off stall.
2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Establishes a stabilized approach in the approach or landing configuration, as specified by the examiner.
4. Transitions smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to the pitch attitude that will induce a stall.
5. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, if in straight flight;
maintains a specified angle of bank, +0/-10°, if in turning flight, while inducing the stall.
6. Recognizes and announces the first physical indications of the oncoming stall, i.e., buffeting or decay of control effectiveness.
7. Recovers promptly after a stall occurs by simultaneously decreasing the pitch attitude, applying power, and leveling the wings to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the seaplane.
8. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting; retracts the landing gear, if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established; accelerates to VY before the final flap retraction;
returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-28 C. TASK: POWER-ON STALLS NOTE: No stall shall be performed with one engine throttled or inoperative and the other engine(s) developing effective power.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AC 61-67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved AirplaneFlight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-on stalls. This shall include an understanding of the aerodynamics of a stall which occurs as a result of uncoordinated flight. Emphasis shall be placed upon recognition of and recovery from a power-on stall.
2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Establishes the takeoff or climb configuration, airspeed, and power as specified by the examiner.
4. Transitions smoothly from the takeoff or climb attitude to the pitch attitude that will induce a stall.
5. Maintains a sp ecified heading, ±10°, if in straight flight;
maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, +0/-10°, if in turning flight, while inducing the stall.
6. Recognizes and announces the first physical indications of the oncoming stall, i.e., buffeting or decay of control effectiveness.
7. Recovers promptly after a stall occurs by simultaneously decreasing the pitch attitude, applying power as appropriate, and leveling the wings to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the seaplane.
8. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting; retracts the landing gear, if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established; accelerates to V Y before the final flap retraction;
returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.
FAA-S-8081-144-29 D. TASK: SPIN AWARENESS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to spin awareness by explaining:
1. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.
2. The technique used to recognize and recover from unintentional spins.
3. The recommended spin recovery procedure for the seaplane used for the practical test.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-30 IX. AREA OF OPERATION:
BASIC INSTRUMENT MANEUVERS A. TASK: STRAIGHT-AND-LEVEL FLIGHT REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight-and-level flight.
2. Maintains straight-and-level flight solely by reference to instruments using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
3. Maintains altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); heading, ±20°; and airspeed, ±10 knots.
B. TASK: CONSTANT AIRSPEED CLIMBS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight constant airspeed climbs.
2. Establishes the climb configuration specified by the examiner.
3. Transitions to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
4. Demonstrates climbs solely by reference to instruments at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight.
5. Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-144-31 C. TASK: CONSTANT AIRSPEED DESCENTS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight, constant airspeed descents.
2. Establishes the descent configuration specified by the examiner.
3. Transitions to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
4. Demonstrates descents solely by reference to instruments at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight.
5. Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, +/-200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
D. TASK: TURNS TO HEADINGS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during turns to headings.
2. Transitions to the level-turn attitude using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
3. Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters);
maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
E. TASK: RECOVERY FROM UNUSUAL FLIGHT ATTITUDES REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the element s related to attitude instrument flying during unusual attitudes.
2. Recognizes unusual flight attitudes solely by reference to instruments; recovers promptly to a stabilized level flight attitude using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation and smooth, coordinated control application in the correct sequence.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-32 F. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION
SYSTEMS/FACILITIES, AND RADAR SERVICES REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-27.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications, navigation systems/facilities, and radar services available for use during flight solely by reference to instruments.
2. Selects the proper frequency and identifies the appropriate facility.
3. Follows verbal instructions and/or navigation systems/facilities for guidance.
4. Determines the minimum safe altitude.
5. Maintains altitude, ±200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, ±20°; maintains airspeed, ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-144-33 X. AREA OF OPERATION:
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS A. TASK: EMERGENCY DESCENT REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an emergency descent.
2. Recognizes the urgency of an emergency descent.
3. Establishes the recommended emergency descent configuration and airspeed, maintains that airspeed, ±5 knots.
4. Demonstrates orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
5. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
B. TASK: MANEUVERING WITH ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
NOTE: The feathering of one propeller shall be demonstrated in multiengine seaplanes equipped with propellers which can be safely feathered and unfeathered in flight. An appropriately equipped seaplane shall be provided by the applicant. The maneuver shall be performed at altitudes, in areas, and from positions where safe landings can be readily accomplished, in the event difficulty is encountered in unfeathering and/or restarting. A propeller that cannot be unfeathered during the practical test shall be treated as an emergency.
At altitudes lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) above the surface, simulated engine failure shall be performed by throttling the engine back to idle and then establishing zero thrust.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ma neuvering with one engine inoperative.
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine failure.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-34
4. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative airspeed.
5. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane, and maintains control.
6. Attempts to determine the reason for the engine malfunction, if appropriate.
7. Feathers the propeller of the inoperative engine.
8. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
9. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist to verify procedures for securing the inoperative engine and turns toward the nearest suitable seaplane base/airport.
10. Demonstrates coordinated flight with one engine inoperative (propeller feathered), including—
a. straight-and-level flight.
b. turns in both directions.
c. descents to assigned altitudes.
d. climbs to assigned altitudes, if the seaplane is capable of climbing under the existing conditions.
11. Divides attention between coordinated control, the flightpath, and orientation.
12. Demonstrates engine restart in accordance with recommended procedures.
13. Completes all appropriate checklists.
14. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters); the specified heading, ±10°; and the specified airspeed, ±10 knots.
15. Maintains the specified angle of bank, ±10°; rolls out on the specified heading, ±10°; and levels off from climbs and descents within ±100 feet (30 meters).
FAA-S-8081-144-35 C. TASK: ENGINE INOPERATIVE – LOSS OF DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL DEMONSTRATION REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
NOTE: Seaplanes with normally aspirated engines will lose power as altitude increases because of the reduced density of the air entering the induction system of the engines. This loss of power will result in a V MC lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes. Also, some seaplanes have such an effective rudder that even at sea level V MC is lower than stall speed. For these seaplanes, a demonstration of loss of directional control may be safely conducted by limiting rudder travel to simulate maximum available rudder.
Limiting rudder travel should be accomplished at a speed well above the power-off stall speed (approximately 20 knots). This will avoid the hazards of stalling one wing with maximum allowable power applied to the engine on the other wing. In the event of any indication of stall prior to loss of directional control, recover to the entry airspeed. The demonstration should then be accomplished with the rudder travel limited at a higher airspeed.
Do not perform this maneuver by increasing the pitch attitude to a high angle with both engines operating and then reducing power on the critical engine. This technique is hazardous and may result in loss of seaplane control.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine inoperative loss of directional control by explaining the—
a. meaning of the term “critical engine.”
b. effects of density altitude on the VMC demonstration.
c. effects of seaplane weight and center of gravity on control.
d. reasons for variations in VMC.
e. relationship of VMC to stall speed.
f. reasons for loss of directional control.
g. indications of loss of directional control.
h. importance of maintaining the proper pitch and bank attitude, and the proper coordination of controls.
i. loss of directional control recovery procedure.
j. engine failure during takeoff including planning, decisions, and single-engine operations.