FAA-S-8081-14 4-36
2. Exhibits skills in performing an engine inoperative-loss of directional control demonstration—
a. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL or the manufacturer’s recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
b. Configures the seaplane at VSSE/VYSE as follows:
(1) Landing gear retracted.
(2) Flaps set for takeoff.
(3) Cowl flaps set for takeoff.
(4) Trim set for takeoff.
(5) Propellers set to high RPM.
(6) Power on the operating engine set to takeoff or maximum available power.
c. Establishes a single engine climb attitude with the airspeed at approximately 10 knots above VSSE.
d. Establishes a bank toward the operating engine, as required for best performance.
e. Increases the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed, at approximately 1 knot per second, while applying rudder to maintain directional control until full rudder is applied.
The examiner may reserve the option to block the airplane rudder pedal to simulate maximum available rudder while still at a higher than actual VMC airspeed.
f. Recognizes and announces the first indication of loss of directional control, stall warning or buffet.
g. Recovers promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficiently on the operating engine while decreasing the angle of attack as necessary to regain airspeed and directional control with a minimum loss of altitude.
Recovery SHOULD NOT be attempted by increasing the power on the simulated failed engine.
h. Recovers within 20° of the entry heading.
i. Accelerates to V XSE/VYSE, as appropriate, +10/-5 knots, during the recovery.
FAA-S-8081-144-37 D. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE VMC (SIMULATED) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
NOTE: Engine failure shall be accomplished before reaching 50 percent of the calculated VMC.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure on takeoff before VMC.
2. Closes throttles smoothly and promptly after simulated engine failure.
3. Maintains directional control and applies braking as necessary.
E. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF (SIMULATED) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual, Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure after lift-off.
2. Recognizes engine failure promptly, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency procedure. Engine failure simulation shall be done at or above 100 feet (30 meters) AGL and at or above VY.
3. Lands the seaplane if within the capabilities of the seaplane or continues the takeoff.
4. Reduces drag, identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine failure.
5. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
6. Establishes VYSE; if obstructions are present, establishes VXSE or V MC, +10, whichever is greater, until obstructions are cleared, then transitions to VYSE.
7. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the seaplane, and maintains control.
8. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
9. Recognizes the seaplane's performance capabilities. If a climb is not possible at VYSE, maintains VYSE and returns to the departure seaplane base/airport for a landing or initiates an approach to the most suitable landing area available.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-38
10. Secures the inoperative engine, if appropriate.
11. Maintains heading, ±10°, and airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
12. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist.
F. TASK: APPROACH AND LANDING WITH AN
INOPERATIVE ENGINE (SIMULATED) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an approach and landing with an inoperative engine.
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine failure.
4. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
5. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
6. Banks toward the operating engine as req uired for best performance, trims the seaplane, and maintains control.
7. Monitors the operating engine, and makes adjustments as necessary.
8. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown point.
9. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative approach and landing configuration, and airspeed.
10. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, +10/-5 knots of V YSE until landing is assured.
11. Makes smooth, timely, a nd correct control application during the roundout and touchdown.
12. Contacts the water in the correct pitch attitude.
13. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
14. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-144-39 G. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements rel ated to system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the seaplane provided for the flight test.
2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated emergencies, such as—
a. partial power loss.
b. engine roughness or overheat.
c. carburetor or induction icing.
d. loss of oil pressure.
e. fuel starvation.
f. electrical system malfunction.
g. flight instruments malfunction.
h. landing gear or flap malfunction.
i. water rudder malfunction.
j. inoperative trim.
k. inadvertent door or window opening.
l. structural icing.
m. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.
n. any other emergency appropriate to the seaplane used for the practical test.
3. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-40 H. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the seaplane used for the practical test, by explaining—
a. location in the seaplane.
b. method of operation or use.
c. servicing requirements.
d. method of safe storage.
e. equipment and survival gear appropriate for operation in various climates and topographical environments.
2. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-144-41 XI. AREA OF OPERATION:
MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS A. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-84, AC 91-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual;
Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data, if available from the manufacturer, to determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding limitations.
2. Computes weight and balance, including adding, removing, and shifting weight. Determines if the weight and center of gravity will remain within limits during all phases of flight.
3. Demonstrates use of the appropriate performance charts, tables, and data including cruise, range, and endurance.
4. Calculates climb performance and service ceilings – all engines, single-engine, as appropriate.
5. Determines the effects of atmospheric conditions on the seaplane's performance.
6. Determines whether the computed performance is within the seaplane’s capabilities and operating limitations.
B. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the seaplane provided for the flight test by explaining at least three of the following:
1. Primary flight controls and trim.
2. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers.
3. Powerplants.
4. Propellers.
5. Landing gear, if applicable.
6. Floats or hull design.
7. Water rudders.
8. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic systems.
9. Electrical system.
10. Pitot-static system, vacuum/pressure system and associated flight instruments.
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11. Environmental system.
12. Deicing and anti-icing systems.
13. Avionics system.
C. TASK: ENGINE INOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AC 61-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine inoperative principles of flight by explaining:
1. The meaning of the term “critical engine.”
2. The reasons for variation in VMC, for loss of directional control and indications of the approaching loss.
3. The relationship of V MC to stall speed, including a determination of whether a V MC demonstration can be safely accomplished.
4. The effects of weight and center-of-gravity location.
5. The effects of density altitude.
6. Procedures for engine failure on takeoff prior to V MC, after liftoff, during cruise, and on approach to land.
7. Procedures for engine shutdown, securing, and restart.
FAA-S-8081-144-43 XII. AREA OF OPERATION:
NIGHT OPERATIONS NOTE: If an applicant does not meet the aeronautical experience requirements of FAR Section 61.109(a)(2), the applicant's certificate shall bear the limitation “Night Flying Prohibited.”
A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 67-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night operations by explaining:
1. Physiological aspects of night flying including the effects of changing light conditions, coping with illusions, and how the pilot's physical condition affects visual acuity.
2. Lighting systems identifying seaplane bases/airports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting.
3. Seaplane lighting systems.
4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.
5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.
6. Safety precautions and emergencies peculiar to night flying.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-44 B. TASK: NIGHT FLIGHT NOTE: The examiner shall orally evaluate element 1 and at least one of the elements, 2 through 6.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 67-2; AIM, Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night flight.
2. Inspects the interior and exterior of the seaplane with emphasis on those items essential for night flight.
3. Taxies and accomplishes the b efore takeoff check adhering to good operating practice for night conditions.
4. Performs takeoffs and climbs with emphasis on visual references.
5. Navigates and maintains orientation under VFR conditions.
6. Approaches, lands, and taxies, adhering to good operating practices for night conditions.
7. Completes all appropriate checklists.
FAA-S-8081-144-45 XIII. AREA OF OPERATION:
POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES A. TASK: AFTER LANDING REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing procedures.
2. Taxies to the parking/refueling area using the proper wind control technique and obstacle avoidance procedures.
3. Completes the appropriate checklist.
B. TASK: ANCHORING REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.
2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.
3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.
C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and mooring.
2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction, considering speed, obstructions, current, and wind.
3. Docks or moors the seaplane using lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.
4. Departs the dock or mooring buoy in a manner that does not endanger persons or vessels in the area.
FAA-S-8081-14 4-46 D. TASK: BEACHING REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to beaching.
2. Selects a suitable area for beaching, considering water depth, tide, current, and wind.
3. Approaches the beach in the proper direction and at a safe speed, considering the beach condition.
4. Beaches and secures the seaplane in a manner that will protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in water level.
5. Departs the beach in a safe manner considering wind, current, traffic, and hazards.
E. TASK: RAMPING REFERENCES: AC 6-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping.
2. Approaches the ramp in the proper direction and at a safe speed, considering current and wind.
3. Ramps the seaplane at the proper speed, in the proper attitude.
4. Secures the seaplane on the ramp in a manner that will protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in water level.
5. Departs the ramp in a manner that does not endanger other persons or vessels in the area.
FAA-S-8081-144-47 F. TASK: PARKING AND SECURING REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Supplement.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to parking and securing procedures. This shall include an understanding of parking hand signals and deplaning passengers.
2. Parks the seaplane properly, into the wind if possible, considering other aircraft and the safety of nearby persons and property on the ramp.
3. Follows the recommended procedure for engine shutdown and securing the cockpit and the seaplane.
4. Performs a satisfactory postflight inspection.
5. Completes the appropriate checklist.