FAA-S-8081-7A61 C. TASK: STRAIGHT CLIMBS AND CLIMBING TURNS REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-13.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of straight climbs and climbing turns by describing—
a. effect and use of flight controls.
b. the Integrated Flight Instruction method.
c. trim technique.
d. methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to straight climbs and climbing turns by describing—
a. improper coordination of flight controls.
b. failure to cross-check and correctly interpret outside and instrument references.
c. faulty trim technique.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains straight climbs and climbing turns from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to straight climbs and climbing turns.
FAA-S-8081-7A 62 D. TASK: STRAIGHT DESCENTS AND DESCENDING TURNS REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-13.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of straight descents and descending turns by describing—
a. effect and use of flight controls.
b. the Integrated Flight Instruction method.
c. trim technique.
d. methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to straight descents and descending turns by describing—
a. improper coordination of flight controls.
b. failure to cross-check and correctly interpret outside and instrument references.
c. faulty trim technique.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains straight descents and descending turns from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to straight descents and descending turns.
FAA-S-8081-7A63 X. AREA OF OPERATION:
PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS NOTE: The examiner shall select at least TASK B or C. In addition, applicant shall provide a helicopter appropriate for demonstrating touchdown autorotations.
A. TASK: RAPID DECELERATION REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a rapid deceleration by describing—
a. purpose of the maneuver.
b. how to maintain proper RPM throughout maneuver.
c. evaluation of wind direction and speed, terrain, and obstructions.
d. proper use of anti-torque pedals.
e. selection of an altitude that will permit safe clearance between tail boom and terrain.
f. coordinated use of cyclic and collective controls throughout maneuver.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a rapid deceleration by describing—
a. improper RPM control.
b. improper use of anti-torque pedals.
c. improper coordination of cyclic and collective controls.
d. failure to properly control the rate of deceleration.
e. stopping of forward motion in a tail-low attitude.
f. failure to maintain safe clearance over terrain.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a rapid deceleration from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a rapid deceleration.
FAA-S-8081-7A 64 B. TASK: STRAIGHT-IN AUTOROTATION REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a straightin autorotation by describing—
a. purpose of maneuver.
b. selection of a suitable touchdown area.
c. how to maintain proper engine and rotor RPM.
d. evaluation of wind direction and speed.
e. effect of density altitude, gross weight, rotor RPM, airspeed and wind to determine a touchdown point.
f. how and at what point maneuver is initiated.
g. flight control coordination, aircraft attitude, and autorotational speed.
h. deceleration, collective pitch application, and touchdown technique, or
i. technique for performing a power recovery to a hover.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a straight-in autorotation by describing—
a. improper engine and rotor RPM control.
b. uncoordinated use of flight controls, particularly anti-torque pedals.
c. improper attitude and airspeed during descent.
d. improper judgment and technique during termination.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a straight-in autorotation to touchdown from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a straight-in autorotation.
FAA-S-8081-7A65 C. TASK: 180° AUTOROTATION REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a 180° autorotation by describing—
a. purpose of maneuver.
b. selection of a suitable touchdown area.
c. how to maintain proper engine and rotor RPM.
d. evaluation of wind direction and speed.
e. effect of density altitude, gross weight, rotor RPM, airspeed, and wind to determine a touchdown point.
f. how and at what point the maneuver is initiated.
g. flight control coordination, aircraft attitude, and autorotation airspeed.
h. proper planning and performance of the autorotative turn.
i. deceleration, collective pitch application, and touchdown technique, or
j. technique for performing a power recovery to a hover.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a 180° autorotation by describing—
a. improper engine and rotor RPM control.
b. uncoordinated use of flight controls, particularly anti-torque pedals.
c. improper attitude and airspeed during descent.
d. improper judgment and technique during the termination.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a 180° autorotation to touchdown from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a 180° autorotation.
FAA-S-8081-7A 66 XI. AREA OF OPERATION:
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK from A, B, C, or D to be accomplished in flight and at least one TASK from E, F, G, H, I, or J to be accomplished orally on the ground.
A. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER
REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to power failure at a hover by describing—
a. recognition of power failure.
b. how to maintain a constant heading.
c. correction for drift.
d. effect of density altitude, height above the surface, gross weight, wind, and rotor RPM on performance.
e. autorotation and touchdown technique from a stationary or forward hover.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to power failure at a hover by describing—
a. failure to apply correct and adequate pedal when power is reduced.
b. failure to correct drift prior to touchdown.
c. improper application of collective pitch.
d. failure to touch down in a level attitude.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a simulated power failure at a hover from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a simulated power failure at a hover.
FAA-S-8081-7A67 B. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
NOTE: Examiner shall direct the applicant to terminate this TASK with a power recovery at an altitude high enough to ensure a safe touchdown could be accomplished in the event of an actual power failure.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to power failure at altitude by describing—
a. importance of being continuously aware of suitable landing areas.
b. technique for establishing and maintaining proper rotor RPM, airspeed, and pedal trim during autorotation.
c. method used to evaluate wind direction and speed.
d. effect of density altitude, gross weigh t, rotor RPM, airspeed, and wind to determine landing area.
e. selection of a suitable landing area.
f. planning and performance of approach to the selected landing area.
g. importance of dividing attention between flying the approach and accomplishing the emergency procedure, as time permits.
h. techniques that can be used to compensate for undershooting or overshooting selected landing area.
i. when and how to terminate approach.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to power failure at altitude by describing—
a. failure to promptly recognize the emergency, establish and maintain proper rotor RPM, and confirm engine condition.
b. improper judgment in selection of a landing area.
c. failure to estimate approximate wind direction and speed.
d. uncoordinated use of flight controls during autorotation entry and descent.
e. improper attitude and airspeed during autorotation entry and descent.
f. failure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation.
g. failure to accomplish th e emergency procedure, as time permits.
h. undershooting or overshooting selected landing area.
i. uncoordinated use of flight controls during power recovery.
FAA-S-8081-7A 68
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a simulated power failure at altitude from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to power failure at altitude.
C. TASK: SETTLING-WITH-POWER REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to settling-with-power by describing—
a. conditions which are likely to result in settling-with-power.
b. timely recognition of settling-with-power.
c. techniques for recovery.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to settling-with-power by describing—
a. failure to recognize conditions that are conducive to development of settling-with-power.
b. failure to detect first indications of settling-with-power.
c. improper use of controls during recovery.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains settling-with-power from an instructional standpoint.
FAA-S-8081-7A69 D. TASK: LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY NOTE: The examiner may accomplish this TASK orally if the helicopter used for the practical test has a governor that cannot be disabled.
REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to low rotor RPM recovery by describing—
a. conditions that are likely to result in low rotor RPM.
b. potential problems from low rotor RPM if not corrected timely.
c. techniques for recovery.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to low rotor RPM recovery by describing—
a. failure to recognize conditions that are conducive to the development of low rotor RPM.
b. failure to detect the development of low rotor RPM and to initiate prompt corrective action.
c. improper use of controls.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains low rotor RPM recovery from an instructional standpoint.
E. TASK: ANTI-TORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to anti-torque system failure by describing:
1. Helicopter aerodynamics related to failure.
2. Indications of failure.
3. Recommended pilot technique to maintain controlled flight.
4. How to select a landing area.
5. Recommended technique to accomplish a safe landing, when failure occurs.
FAA-S-8081-7A 70 F. TASK: DYNAMIC ROLLOVER REFERENCES: AC 61 -13, AC 90 -87; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to dynamic rollover by describing:
1. Helicopter aerodynamics involved.
2. How interaction between anti-torque thrust, crosswind, slope, cyclic and collective pitch control contribute to dynamic rollover.
3. Preventive actions used for takeoffs and landings on different surfaces.
G. TASK: GROUND RESONANCE REFERENCES: AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16;
Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to ground resonance by describing:
1. Aerodynamics involved and association with a fully articulated rotor system.
2. Conditions that are conducive to the development of ground resonance.
3. Preventive actions used for takeoffs and landings on different surfaces.
H. TASK: LOW “G” CONDITIONS REFERENCE: Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of low “G” conditions by describing:
1. Situations that will cause a low “G” condition.
2. Recognition of low “G” conditions.
3. Proper recovery procedures to prevent mast bumping.
4. Effects of this condition on different types of rotor systems.
FAA-S-8081-7A71 I. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS REFERENCES: AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-15, FAA-S-8081-16;
Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to systems and equipment malfunctions by describing recommended pilot action, appropriate to the helicopter used for the practical test, in the following areas:
1. Smoke or fire during ground or flight operations.
2. Engine/oil and fuel system.
3. Carburetor or induction icing.
4. Hydraulic system.
5. Electrical system.
6. Flight controls.
7. Rotor/drive system.
8. Pitot/static system.
9. Any other system or equipment.
J. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR REFERENCE: Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter used for the practical test by describing:
1. Location in the helicopter.
2. Method of operation or use.
3. Servicing.
4. Storage.
5. Equipment and gear appropriate for operation in various climates, over various types of terrain, and over water.
FAA-S-8081-7A 72 XII. AREA OF OPERATION:
SPECIAL OPERATIONS NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: CONFINED AREA OPERATION REFERENCES: AC 60 -14, AC 61 -13; FAA-S-8081-16; Helicopter Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a confined area operation by describing—
a. conduct of high and low reconnaissance.
b. method used to evaluate wind direction and speed, turbulence, terrain, obstacles, and emergency landing areas.
c. selection of a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
d. how to maintain proper RPM.
e. how to track the selected approach path to the termination point, establishing an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure.
f. factors that should be considered in determining whether to terminate at a hover or on the surface.
g. conduct of ground reconnaissance and selection of a suitable takeoff point, considering wind and obstructions.
h. factors affecting takeoff and climb performance.
i. factors to consider in performing a takeoff and climb under various conditions.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a confined area operation by describing—
a. failure to perform, or improper performance of high and low reconnaissance.
b. failure to track the selected approach path or to fly an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure.
c. improper RPM control.
d. inadequate planning to assure obstacle clearance during the approach or the departure.
e. failure to consider emergency landing areas.
f. failure to select a definite termination point during the high reconnaissance.
g. failure to change the termination point, if conditions so dictate.