2-lv FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A XII. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE GROUND REFERENCE
MANEUVERSMANEUVERS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: RECTANGULAR COURSE (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a rectangular course by describing -
(a) how to select a suitable altitude.
(b) how to select a suitable ground reference with consideration given to emergency landing areas.
(c) orientation, division of attention, and planning.
(d) configuration and airspeed prior to entry.
(e) relationship of a rectangular course to an airport traffic pattern.
(f) wind drift correction.
(g) how to maintain desired altitude, airspeed, and distance from ground reference boundaries.
(h) timing of turn entries and rollouts.
(i) coordination of flight controls.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a rectangular course by describing -
(a) poor planning, orientation, or division of attention.
(b) uncoordinated flight control application.
(c) improper correction for wind drift.
(d) failure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed.
(e) selection of a ground reference where there is no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a rectangular course from an instructional standpoint.
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4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a rectangular course.
B. TASK: S-TURNS ACROSS A ROAD (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of S-turns across a road by describing -
(a) how to select a suitable altitude.
(b) how to select a suitable ground reference line with consideration given to emergency landing areas.
(c) orientation, division of attention, and planning.
(d) configuration and airspeed prior to entry.
(e) entry technique.
(f) wind drift correction.
(g) tracking of semicircles of equal radii on either side of the selected ground reference line.
(h) how to maintain desired altitude and airspeed.
(i) turn reversal over the ground reference line.
(j) coordination of flight controls.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to S-turns across a road by describing -
(a) faulty entry technique.
(b) poor planning, orientation, or division of attention.
(c) uncoordinated flight control application.
(d) improper correction for wind drift.
(e) an unsymmetrical ground track.
(f) failure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed.
(g) selection of a ground reference line where there is no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains S -turns across a road from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to S-turns across a road.
2-lvii FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A C. TASK: TURNS AROUND A POINT (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of turns around a point by describing -
(a) how to select a suitable altitude.
(b) how to select a suitable ground reference point with consideration given to emergency landing areas.
(c) orientation, division of attention, and planning.
(d) configuration and airspeed prior to entry.
(e) entry technique.
(f) wind drift correction.
(g) how to maintain desired altitude, airspeed, and distance from reference point.
(h) coordination of flight controls.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to turns around a point by describing -
(a) faulty entry technique.
(b) poor planning, orientation, or division of attention.
(c) uncoordinated flight control application.
(d) improper correction for wind drift.
(e) failure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed.
(f) selection of a ground reference point where there is no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains turns around a point from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to turns around a point.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-lviii D. TASK: EIGHTS ON PYLONS (ASEL) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-2.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of eights on pylons by describing -
(a) how to determine the approximate pivotal altitude.
(b) how to select suitable pylons with consideration given to emergency landing areas.
(c) orientation, division of attention, and planning.
(d) configuration and airspeed prior to entry.
(e) relationship of groundspeed change to the performance of the maneuver.
(f) pilot's "line-of-sight" reference to the pylon.
(g) entry technique.
(h) technique for maintaining "line-of-sight" on the pylon.
(i) timing of turn entries and rollouts.
(j) how to correct for wind drift between pylons.
(k) coordination of flight controls.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to eights on pylons by describing -
(a) faulty entry technique.
(b) poor planning, orientation, and division of attention.
(c) uncoordinated flight control application.
(d) use of an improper "line-of-sight" reference.
(e) application of rudder alone to maintain "line-ofsight" on the pylon.
(f) improper timing of turn entries and rollouts.
(g) improper correction for wind drift between pylons.
(h) selection of pylons where there is no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance.
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3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains eights on pylons from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to eights on pylons.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-lx XIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS EMERGENCY OPERATIONS NOTE: The examiner will select at least TASKS A and B.
A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED) (ASEL and ASES) NOTE: The examiner will NOT simulate a power failure by placing the fuel selector to the "off" position or by placing the mixture control in the "idle-cutoff" position. The examiner will tell the instructor applicant that such practices are violations of FAA policy. No simulated emergency approach will be continued below 500 feet AGL, unless over an area where a safe landing can be accomplished in compliance with FAR Section 91.79.
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to an emergency approach and landing by describing -
(a) prompt establishment of the best glide airspeed and the recommended configuration.
(b) how to select a suitable emergency landing area.
(c) planning and execution of approach to the selected landing area.
(d) use of emergency checklist.
(e) importance of attempting to determine reason for the malfunction.
(f) importance of dividing attention between flying the approach and accomplishing emergency checklist.
(g) techniques that can be used to compensate for undershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to an emergency approach and landing by describing -
2-lxi FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A
(a) improper airspeed control.
(b) poor judgment in the selection of an emergency landing area.
(c) failure to estimate the approximate wind speed and direction.
(d) failure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation.
(e) failure to accomplish the emergency checklist.
(f) undershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains an emergency approach with a simulated engine failure from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to an emergency approach with a simulated engine failure.
B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; FAA -S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: The examiner will not simulate a system or equipment malfunction in a manner that may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the airplane.
Objective. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the elements related to systems and equipment malfunctions, appropriate to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing recommended pilot action for:
1. Smoke, fire, or both, during ground or flight operations.
2. Rough running engine or partial power loss.
3. Loss of engine oil pressure.
4. Fuel starvation.
5. Engine overheat.
6. Hydraulic system malfunction.
7. Electrical system malfunction.
8. Carburetor or induction icing.
9. Door or window opening in flight.
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10. Inoperative or "runaway" trim.
11. Landing gear or flap malfunction.
12. Pressurization malfunction.
13. Any other system or equipment malfunction.
C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 61-21; FAA -S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the airplane used for the practical test by describing:
1. Locations in the airplane.
2. Purpose.
3. Method of operation or use.
4. Servicing.
5. Storage.
6. Equipment and gear appropriate for operation in various climates, over various types of terrain, and over water.
2-lxiii FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A XIV. AREA OF OPERATION: APPROACHES AND APPROACHES AND
LANDINGSLANDINGS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual, Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a normal and a crosswind approach and landing by describing -
(a) how to determine landing performance and limitations.
(b) configuration, power, and trim.
(c) obstructions and other hazards which should be considered.
(d) a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown area.
(e) coordination of flight controls.
(f) a precise ground track.
(g) wind shear and wake turbulence.
(h) most suitable crosswind technique.
(i) timing, judgment, and control technique during roundout and touchdown.
(j) directional control after touchdown.
(k) use of brakes (landplane).
(l) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a normal and a crosswind approach and landing by describing -
(a) improper use of landing performance data and limitations.
(b) failure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence.
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-lxiv
(c) failure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach.
(d) inappropriate removal of hand from throttle.
(e) improper technique during roundout and touchdown.
(f) poor directional control after touchdown.
(g) improper use of brakes (landplane).
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a normal or a crosswind approach and landing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a normal or crosswind approach and landing.
B. TASK: FORWARD SLIP TO A LANDING (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a forward slip to a landing by describing -
(a) configuration, power, and trim.
(b) obstructions and other hazards which should be considered.
(c) a stabilized slip at the appropriate airspeed to the selected touchdown area.
(d) possible airspeed indication errors.
(e) proper application of flight controls.
(f) a precise ground track.
(g) wind shear and wake turbulence.
(h) timing, judgment, and control technique during transition from slip to touchdown.
(i) directional control after touchdown.
(j) use of brakes (landplane).
(k) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a forward slip to a landing by describing -
2-lxv FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A
(a) improper use of landing performance data and limitations.
(b) failure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence.
(c) failure to maintain a stabilized slip.
(d) inappropriate removal of hand from throttle.
(e) improper technique during transition from the slip to the touchdown.
(f) poor directional control after touchdown.
(g) improper use of brakes (landplane).
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a forward slip to a landing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a forward slip to a landing.
C. TASK: GO-AROUND (ASEL and ASES) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a go-around by describing -
(a) situations where a go-around is necessary.
(b) importance of making a prompt decision.
(c) importance of applying takeoff power immediately after the go-around decision is made.
(d) importance of establishing proper pitch attitude.
(e) wing flaps retraction.
(f) use of trim.
(g) landing gear retraction.
(h) proper climb speed.
(i) proper track and obstruction clearance.
(j) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a go-around by describing -
FAA-S-8081-6AFAA-S-8081-6A 2-lxvi
(a) failure to recognize a situation where a goaround is necessary.
(b) hazards of delaying a decision to go around.
(c) improper power application.
(d) failure to control pitch attitude.
(e) failure to compensate for torque effect.
(f) improper trim technique.
(g) failure to maintain recommended airspeeds.
(h) improper wing flaps or landing gear retraction procedure.
(i) failure to maintain proper track during climbout.
(j) failure to remain well clear of obstructions and other traffic.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a goaround from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a go-around.
D. TASK: SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL) REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21;
FAA-S-8081-1, FAA -S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a short-field approach and landing by describing -
(a) how to determine landing performance and limitations.
(b) configuration and trim.
(c) proper use of pitch and power to maintain desired approach angle.
(d) barriers and other hazards which should be considered.
(e) effect of wind.
(f) selection of touchdown and go-around points.
(g) a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown point.
(h) coordination of flight controls.
(i) a precise ground track.