FAA-S-8081-20 2-8
5. Increases power smoothly and positively, if appropriate to the helicopter, to a predetermined value based on existing conditions.
6. Maintains directional control on the runway heading or takeoff path.
7. Aborts the takeoff if, in a single-engine helicopter, the powerplant (or other) failure occurs prior to becoming airborne; or in a multiengine helicopter, the powerplant (or other) failure occurs at a point during the takeoff where the abort procedure can be initiated and the helicopter can be safely landed and stopped.
8. Reduces the power smoothly and promptly, if appropriate to the helicopter, when powerplant failure is simulated. In a wheeled helicopter, the failure will be simulated at a reasonable airspeed determined after giving due consideration to the helicopter's characteristics, Height Velocity Diagram, length of landing area, surface conditions, wind direction and velocity, and any other factors that may adversely affect safety.
9. Maintains positive control, and accomplishes the appropriate powerplant failure procedures as recommended by the appropriate checklist.
E. TASK: INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM, AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. In actual or simulated instrument conditions, exhibits adequate knowledge of SIDs, En Route Low and High Altitude Charts, STARs, and related pilot/controller responsibilities.
2. Uses the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight.
3. Selects and uses the appropriate communications frequencies, and selects and identifies the navigation aids associated with the proposed flight.
4. Performs the appropriate checklist items.
5. Establishes communications with ATC, using proper phraseology.
6. Complies, in a timely manner, with all instr uctions and airspace restrictions.
7. Exhibits adequate knowledge of two-way radio communications failure procedures.
FAA-S-8081-202-9
8. Intercepts, in a timely manner, all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, clearance, or as directed by the examiner.
9. Maintains the appropriate airspeed within ±10 knots, headings within ±10°, altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters); and accurately tracks a course, radial, or bearing.
10. Conducts the departure phase to a point where, in the opinion of the examiner, the transition to the en route environment is complete.
FAA-S-8081-20 2-10 IV. AREA OF OPERATION: INFLIGHT MANEUVERS A. TASK: STEEP TURNS REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-27; FSB Report; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. In actual or simulated instrument conditions, exhibits adequate knowledge of steep turns (if applicable to helicopter) and the factors associated with performance;
and, if applicable, angle of bank, and pitch and power requirements.
2. Selects an al titude recommended by the manufacturer, training syllabus, or other training directive.
3. Establishes the recommended entry airspeed.
4. Rolls into a coordinated turn of 180° or 360° with a bank as appropriate, not to exceed 30°. Maintains the bank angle within ±5° while in smooth, stabilized flight.
5. Applies smooth coordinated pitch, bank, and power to maintain the specified altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters) and the desired airspeed within ±10 knots.
6. Rolls out of the turn (at approximately the sa me rate as used to roll into the turn) within ±10° of the entry or specified heading, stabilizes the helicopter in a straightand-level attitude or, at the discretion of the examiner, reverses the direction of turn and repeats the maneuver in the opposite direction.
7. Avoids any indication of abnormal flight attitude, or exceeding any structural, rotor, or operating limitation during any part of the maneuver.
FAA-S-8081-202-11 B. TASK: POWERPLANT FAILURE—MULTIENGINE
HELICOPTER REFERENCES: Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM.
NOTE: When this TASK is accomplished in an approved flight simulator, the engine shutdown and restart may be performed in conjunction with another procedure or maneuver, and at any location or altitude at the discretion of the examiner.
When this task is accomplished in the helicopter, the engine failure and restart procedure shall be simulated. This TASK shall be performed by reducing the power to idle on the selected engine.
This task must be initiated at an altitude from which a safe landing can be made in the event of actual engine problems.
When authorized and conducted in a flight simulator, shutdown may be performed in conjunction with any procedure or maneuver, and at any location or altitude at the discretion of the examiner.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering with powerplant(s) inoperative (as appropriate to the helicopter).
2. Sets powerplant controls, c orrectly identifies and verifies the inoperative powerplant(s) after the simulated failure.
3. Maintains positive helicopter control.
4. Determines the reason for the powerplant(s) failure.
5. Follows the prescribed helicopter checklist, and verifies the procedures for securing the inoperative powerplant(s).
Determines if a restart is a viable option.
6. Maintains the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.
7. Maintains desired altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters), when a constant altitude is specified and is within the capability of the helicopter.
8. Maintains the desired airspeed within ±10 knots.
9. Maintains the desired heading within ±10° of the specified heading.
10. Demonstrates proper powerplant restart procedures in accordance with FAA-approved procedure/checklist or the manufacturer's recommended procedures and pertinent checklist items.
FAA-S-8081-20 2-12 C. TASK: POWERPLANT FAILURE—SINGLE-ENGINE
HELICOPTER REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-13; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM.
NOTE: No simulated powerplant failure shall be given by the examiner in a helicopter when an actual touchdown could not be safely completed should it become necessary, nor when an autorotative descent might constitute a violation of the CFR's. The examiner shall direct the applicant to terminate this TASK in a power recovery at an altitude high enough to assure that a safe touchdown could be accomplished in the event an actual powerplant failure should occur during recovery procedures.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the flight characteristics, approach and forced (emergency) landing procedures, and related procedures to use in the event of a powerplant failure (as appropriate to the helicopter).
2. Enters autorotation promptly when the examiner simulates a powerplant failure by—
a. lowering the collective as necessary to maintain rotor RPM within acceptable limits,
b. establishing and maintaining the recommended autorotation airspeed within ±5 knots, and
c. maintaining proper longitudinal trim.
3. Selects a suitable airport or landing area which is within the performance capability of the helicopter.
4. Establishes a proper flight pattern to the selected airport or landing area, taking into account altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and other pertinent operational factors.
Avoids undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
5. Determines the cause for the simulated powerplant failure (if altitude permits) and if a restart is a viable option.
6. Performs the e mergency memory checklist items appropriate to the helicopter.
7. Maintains positive helicopter control throughout the maneuver.
FAA-S-8081-202-13
8. Uses helicopter configuration devices (such as landing gear) in a manner recommended by the manufacturer and/or approved by the FAA.
9. Terminates the autorotation by performing a power recovery, at a safe altitude or as briefed by the examiner, prior to the flight.
D. TASK: RECOVERY FROM UNUSUAL ATTITUDES REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. In actual or simulated instrument conditions, exhibits adequate knowledge of recovery from unusual attitudes.
2. Recovers from both nose-high and nose-low unusual attitudes, using proper pitch, bank, and power techniques.
E. TASK: SETTLING-WITH-POWER REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-13; Pilot's Operating Handbook, Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the conditions which contribute to, and may result in, ‘‘settling-with-power.”
2. Describes the relationship of gross weight, RPM, and density altitude to the severity of the vertical rate of descent.
3. At an altitude above 1,500 feet (450 meters) AGL or as recommended by the manufacturer if it is higher, demonstrates entry into ‘‘settling-with-power, ” using the recommended procedures in the correct sequence.
4. Recovers immediately at the first indication of ‘‘settlingwith-power,” using the recommended procedures in the correct sequence.
5. Demonstrates smooth, positive helicopter control and prompt recovery techniques.
FAA-S-8081-20 2-14 V. AREA OF OPERATION: INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES A. TASK: INSTRUMENT ARRIVAL REFERENCES: Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM, AIM;
En Route Low and High Altitude Charts, Profile Descent Charts, STARs, Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. While in actual or simulated instrument conditions, exhibits adequate knowledge of En Route Low and High Altitude Charts, STARs, Instrument Approach Procedure Charts, and related pilot and controller responsibilities.
2. Uses the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight.
3. Selects and correctly identifies the appropriate navigation frequencies and facilities associated with the area arrival.
4. Performs the helicopter checklist items appropriate to the area arrival.
5. Establishes communications with ATC, using proper phraseology.
6. Complies, in a timely manner, with all ATC clearances, instructions, and restrictions.
7. Exhibits adequate knowledge of two-way communications failure procedures.
8. Intercepts, in a timely manner, all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, ATC clearance, or as directed by the examiner.
9. Adheres to airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations, ATC, the RFM, or the examiner.
10. Establishes, where appropriate, a rate of descent consistent with the helicopter operating characteristics and safety.
11. Maintains the appropriate airsp eed/V-speed within ±10 knots; heading ±10°; altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters);
and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
12. Complies with the provisions of the Profile Descent, STAR, and other arrival procedures, as appropriate.
FAA-S-8081-202-15 B. TASK: HOLDING REFERENCES: Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM, AIM;
En Route Low and High Altitude Charts, STARs, Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. While in actual or simulated instrument conditions, exhibits adequate knowledge of holding procedures for standard and non -standard, published and non-published holding patterns. If appropriate, demonstrates adequate knowledge of holding endurance, including, but not necessarily limited to, fuel on board, fuel flow while holding, fuel required to alternate, etc.
2. Changes to the recommended holding airspeed appropriate for the helicopter and holding altitude, so as to cross the holding fix at or below maximum holding airspeed.
3. Recognizes arrival at the clearance limit or holding fix.
4. Remains within protected airspace.
5. Complies with ATC reporting requirements.
6. Uses the proper timing criteria required by the holding altitude and ATC or examiner's instructions.
7. Complies with the holding pattern leg length when a DME distance is specified.
8. Arrives over the holding fix as close as possible to the “expect further clearance” time.
9. Maintains the appropriate airspeed/V-speed within ±10 knots, altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters); headings within ±10°; and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
C. TASK: PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACHES REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
NOTE: Two precision approaches must be accomplished in actual or simulated instrument conditions.
For a multiengine helicopter, at least one manually controlled precision approach must be accomplished with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The simulated powerplant failure should occur before initiating the final approach segment and must continue to touchdown or throughout the missed approach procedure. As the
FAA-S-8081-20 2-16 markings on localizer/glide slope indicators vary, a one-quarter scale deflection of either the localizer, or glide slope indicator is when it is displaced one-fourth of the distance that it may be deflected from the on glide slope or on localizer position.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the precision instrument approach procedures with all engines operating, and with one engine inoperative.
2. Establishes two-way communications with ATC as appropriate to the phase of flight or approach segment and uses the proper communications phraseology and techniques.
3. Accomplishes the appropriate precision instrument approach procedure as selected by the examiner.
4. Complies, in a timely manner, with all clearances, instructions, and procedures.
5. Advises ATC anytime the helicopter is unable to comply with a clearance.
6. Establishes the appr opriate helicopter configuration and airspeed/V-speed considering turbulence, wind shear, microburst conditions, or other meteorological and operating conditions.
7. Completes the helicopter checklist items appropriate to the phase of flight or approach segment.
8. Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintains the desired altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), the desired airspeed within ±10 knots, the desired heading within ±5°;
and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
9. Selects, tunes, i dentifies, and monitors the operational status of ground and helicopter navigation equipment used for the approach.
10. Applies the necessary adjustments to the published Decision Height and visibility criteria for the helicopter approach category as required, such as—
a. FDC and Class II NOTAMs.
b. Inoperative helicopter and ground navigation equipment.
c. Inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment.
d. National Weather Service (NWS) reporting factors and criteria.
FAA-S-8081-202-17
11. Establishes a predetermined rate of descent at the point where the electronic glide slope begins which approximates that required for the helicopter to follow the glide slope.
12. Maintains a stabilized final approach, arriving at Decision Height with no more than one-quarter scale deflection of the localizer, or the glide slope indicators and the airspeed/V-speed within ±5 knots of that desired.
13. Avoids descent below the Decision Height before initiating a missed approach procedure or transitioning to a landing.
14. Initiates immediately the missed approach procedure, when at the Decision Height, and the required visual references for the runway or intended landing area are not distinctly visible and identifiable.
15. Transitions to a normal landing approach only when the helicopter is in a position from which a descent to a landing on the runway or intended landing area can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.
D. TASK: NONPRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACHES REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
NOTE: The applicant must accomplish at least two nonprecision approaches (one of which must include a procedure turn) in simulated or actual weather conditions approach using two different approach systems. At least one nonprecision approach must be flown manually without receiving radar vectors . The examiner will select nonprecision approaches that are representative of that which the applicant is likely to use. The choices must utilize two different systems; i.e., NDB and one of the following: VOR, LOC, LDA, GPS, or LORAN.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of nonprecision approach procedures representative of those the applicant is likely to use.
2. Establishes two-way communications with ATC as appropriate to the phase of flight or approach segment and uses proper communications phraseology and techniques.
3. Accomplishes the nonprecision instrument approach procedures selected by the examiner.
4. Complies with all clearances issued by ATC.
FAA-S-8081-20 2-18
5. Advises ATC or the examiner any time the helicopter is unable to comply with a clearance.
6. Establishes the appropriate helicopter configuration and airspeed, and completes all applicable checklist items.
7. Maintains, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the desired altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°; and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
8. Selects, tunes, identifies, and monitors the operational status of ground and helicopter navigation equipment used for the approach.
9. Applies the necessary adjustments to the published Minimum Descent Altitude and visibility criteria for the helicopter approach category when required, such as—
a. Notices to Airmen, including Flight Data Center Procedural NOTAMs.
b. Inoperative helicopter and ground navigation equipment.
c. Inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment.
d. National Weather Service (NWS) reporting f actors and criteria.
10. Establishes a rate of descent that will ensure arrival at the Minimum Descent Altitude with the helicopter in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway or landing area can be made at a normal rate using normal maneuvering.
11. Allows, while on the final approach segment, not more than quarter-scale deflection of the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) or ±5° in the case of the RMI or bearing pointer, and maintains airspeed within ±5 knots of that desired.
12. Maintains the Minimum Descent Altitude, when reached, within -0, +50 feet (-0, +15 meters) to the missed approach point.
13. Executes the missed approach procedure if the required visual references for the intended runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable at the missed approach point.
14. Executes a normal landing from a straight-in approach.
NOTE: If TASK D, Nonprecision Instrument Approaches, is performed in a training device (other than an FTD or flight simulator) and the applicant has completed an approved training course for the helicopter type involved, not more than one of the required
FAA-S-8081-202-19 instrument procedures may be observed by a person qualified to act as an instructor or check airman under that approved training program. The instrument approach is considered to begin when the helicopter is over the initial approach fix for the procedure being used and ends when the helicopter touches down on the runway or landing area, or when transition to a missed approach configuration is completed. Instrument conditions need not be simulated below the minimum altitude for the approach being accomplished.
E. TASK: MISSED APPROACH REFERENCES: Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, RFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
NOTE: The applicant must be required to perform at least two missed approach procedures with at least one missed approach from a precision approach (ILS, MLS, or GPS). A complete approved missed approach procedure must be accomplished at least once and a simulated powerplant failure (in a multiengine helicopter) will be required during one of the missed approaches.
Going below the MDA or DH, as appropriate, prior to the initiation of the missed approach procedure shall be considered unsatisfactory performance, except in those instances where the required visual references for the runway or intended landing area are distinctly visible and identifiable at the MDA or DH.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. While in actual or simulated instrument conditions, exhibits adequate knowledge of missed approach procedures associated with standard instrument approaches.
2. Initiates the missed approach procedure promptly by the timely application of power, establishes the proper climb attitude, and reduces drag in accordance with the approved procedures.
3. Reports to ATC, beginning the missed approach procedure.
4. Complies with the appropriate missed approach procedure or ATC clearance.
5. Advises ATC any time the helicopter is unable to comply with a clearance.
6. Follows the recommended helicopter checklist items appropriate to the go-around procedure for the helicopter used.