FAA-S-8081-8A 1-38 B. TASK: TURNS TO HEADINGS REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to turns to headings by describing—
a. proper pitch attitude, angle of bank, and airspeed.
b. roll-in and roll-out technique.
c. changes in lift, drag, and load factor.
d. adverse yaw.
e. use of smooth and coordinated control applications.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to turns to headings by describing—
a. rough or uncoordinated use of controls during roll-in an d roll-out.
b. failure to establish desired angle of bank.
c. lack of precision in completion of a turn to a heading.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains turns to headings from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to turns to headings.
FAA-S-8081-8A1-39 IX. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: MINIMUM SINK AIRSPEED REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to minimum sink airspeed by describing—
a. related aerodynamic factors.
b. use of this speed.
c. establishment and maintenance of this speed.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to minimum sink airspeed by describing—
a. incorrect determination of this speed.
b. rough or erratic pitch attitude and airspeed control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains minimum sink airspeed from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to minimum sink airspeed.
FAA-S-8081-8A 1-40 B. TASK: SPEED-TO-FLY REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to speed-to-fly by describing—
a. factors related to the determination of speed-to-fly.
b. use of this speed.
c. establishment and maintenance of this speed for a gi ven situation.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to speed-to-fly by describing—
a. improper determination of this speed.
b. rough or erratic pitch attitude and airspeed control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains speed-to-fly from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to speed-to-fly.
FAA-S-8081-8A1-41 X. AREA OF OPERATION: SOARING TECHNIQUES NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. The TASK selected will be appropriate to the geographical location and existing atmospheric conditions. If conditions do not permit a demonstration of soaring skills, applicants will be expected to demonstrate satisfactory instructional knowledge of the selected TASK through oral testing.
A. TASK: THERMAL SOARING REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to thermal soaring by describing—
a. the process by which thermals are produced.
b. recognition of the presence of a thermal.
c. initial entry into a thermal.
d. analysis of a thermal’s structure and determination of the direction of turn to remain within a thermal.
e. coordinated use of controls and proper planning to remain within a thermal.
f. importance of maintaining orientation with ground references, wind, and other aircraft.
g. importance of maintaining proper airspeeds in and between thermals.
h. use of proper techniques to re-enter a thermal.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to thermal soaring by describing—
a. failure to maintain proper airspeeds in and between thermals.
b. poor division of attention resulting in failure to recognize when entering or flying out of a thermal.
c. improper technique during initial entry into a thermal.
d. faulty control coordination and planning to remain within a thermal.
e. faulty division of attention in maintaining orientation with ground references and wind.
f. failure to properly scan for other aircraft.
g. poor planning and technique when attempting to re-enter a thermal.
FAA-S-8081-8A 1-42
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains thermal soaring from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to thermal soaring.
B. TASK: RIDGE AND SLOPE SOARING REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to ridge and slope soaring by describing—
a. terrain features and wind conditions that create orographic lift.
b. importance of an accurate estimate of terrain height.
c. initial entry into an area of lift.
d. importance of smooth, precise, and coordinated use of controls.
e. maintenance of a safe lateral distance from the terrain.
f. use of proper techniques to re-enter an area of lift.
g. procedures for approaching and crossing ridges.
h. importance of planning to fly within a safe gliding distance of an acceptable landing area.
i. maintenance of orientatio n with ground references and other aircraft.
j. importance of being constantly alert for changing weather conditions.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to ridge and slope soaring by describing—
a. hazards of approaching the ridge or slope lift area at approximately a 90° angle or from the downwind side.
b. failure to maintain proper airspeed while in the area of lift.
c. poor division of attention resulting in failure to promptly recognize when leaving the area of lift or entering a high sink area.
d. poor control coordination.
e. poor division of attention in maintaining orientation with ground references and wind.
f. failure to properly scan for other aircraft.
g. failure to plan the flight so an acceptable landing area is within gliding distance.
FAA-S-8081-8A1-43
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains ridge and slope soaring from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to ridge and slope soaring.
C. TASK: WAVE SOARING REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to wave soaring by describing—
a. terrain and weather conditions that create standing waves.
b. location of and technique for entering an area of lift.
c. importance of smooth, precise, and coordinated use of controls.
d. use of proper techniques to re-enter an area of lift.
e. maintenance of orientation with ground references and other aircraft.
f. recognition of rotor and wave turbulence.
g. coordination with air traffic control, as appropriate.
h. maintenance of proper airspeeds.
i. importance of being constantly alert for changing weather conditions.
j. importance of having proper equipment and training for high altitude flight.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to wave soaring by describing—
a. erratic airspeed control while in the turbulence of a rotor.
b. failure to maintain proper airspeed while in an area of lift.
c. rough control technique.
d. poor division of attention resulting in failure to promptly recognize when leaving an area of lift or entering a high sink area.
e. faulty control coordination and planning to remain within the area of lift.
f. poor division of attention in maintaining orientation with ground references and wind.
g. failure to properly scan for other aircraft.
h. failure to have proper equipment and training for high altitude flight.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains wave soaring from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to wave soaring.
FAA-S-8081-8A 1-44 XI. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: STEEP TURNS REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to steep turns by describing—
a. relationship of bank angle, load factor, and stalling speed.
b. overbanking tendency.
c. establishment of the recommended entry airspeed.
d. orientation, division of attention, and planning.
e. coordination of flight controls.
f. entry and roll-out technique.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to steep turns by describing—
a. uncoordinated use of flight controls.
b. loss of orientation.
c. unintentional stall or spin.
d. excessive deviation from desired heading during roll-out.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains steep turns from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to steep turns.
FAA-S-8081-8A1-45 B. TASK: RECOVERY FROM A SPIRAL DIVE REFERENCES: AC 60-14; Soaring Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to recovery from a spiral dive by describing—
a. conditions that cause high-speed spirals.
b. recognition of situation when a spiral dive is developing.
c. procedures for recovery from a high-speed spiral dive.
d. importance of using smooth control ap plications during recovery.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to recovery from a spiral dive by describing—
a. failure to recognize when a spiral dive is developing.
b. rough, abrupt, and/or uncoordinated control applications during recovery.
c. improper sequence of control applications.
d. potential consequences from delaying recovery.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains recovery from a spiral dive from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common error s related to recovery from a spiral dive.
FAA-S-8081-8A 1-46 XIl. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT, STALLS,
AND SPINS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: MANEUVERING AT MINIMUM CONTROL
AIRSPEED REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering at minimum control airspeed by describing—
a. establishment and maintenance of appropriate airspeed.
b. flight characteristics to include controllability.
c. importance of maintaining an appropriate airspeed in turbulent air or as bank is increased.
d. importance of smooth, coordinated control applications.
e. proper technique for avoiding a stall when raising a lowered wing.
f. recovery to desired airspeed.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to maneuvering at minimum control airspeed by describing—
a. failure to establish or to maintain slow airspeed, as requested.
b. improper use of trim.
c. rough or uncoordinated use of controls.
d. lack of pilot recognition of the first indications of a stall.
e. failure to use proper technique to avoid a stall in turbulent air or during a turn.
f. faulty technique when raising a lowered wing.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains maneuvering at minimum control airspeed from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to maneuvering at minimum control airspeed.
FAA-S-8081-8A1-47 B. TASK: STALL RECOGNITION AND RECOVERY REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to stall recognition and recovery by describing—
a. aerodynamics of stalls.
b. relationship of various factors, such as weight, center of gravity, load factor, flaps, spoilers, dive brakes, and angle of bank to stalls.
c. flight situations where unintentional stalls may occur.
d. recognition of the first indications of a stall.
e. performance of stalls in various configurations.
f. entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
g. coordination of flight controls.
h. recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to stall recognition and recovery by describing—
a. failure to establish the specified configuration prior to entry.
b. improper pitch, heading, and bank control during straightahead stalls.
c. improper pitch and bank control during turning stalls.
d. rough or uncoordinated control technique.
e. failure to recognize the first indications of a stall.
f. failure to achieve a stall.
g. poor stall recognition and delayed recovery.
h. excessive altitude loss, excessive speed, or secondary stall during recovery.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains stall recognition and recovery from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to stall recognition and recovery.
FAA-S-8081-8A 1-48 C. TASK: SPINS NOTE: At the discretion of the examiner, a logbook record attesting applicant instructional competency in spin entries, spins, and spin recoveries may be accepted in lieu of this TASK. Logbook record shall be certified by the flight instructor who conducted the spin instruction.
REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 23; AC 60-14, AC 61-21; Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to spins by describing—
a. aerodynamics of spins.
b. gliders approved for the spin maneuver based on the airworthiness category and type certificate.
c. relationship of various factors, such as configuration, weight, center of gravity, and control coordination to spins.
d. flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.
e. how to recognize and recover from imminent, unintentional spins.
f. entry technique and minimum entry altitude for intentional spins.
g. control technique to maintain a spin.
h. orientation during a spin.
i. recovery tech nique and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins.
j. anxiety factors associated with spin instruction.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to spins by describing—
a. hazards of attempting to spin a glider not approved for spins.
b. failure to establish proper configuration prior to spin entry.
c. failure to recognize indications leading to a spin.
d. failure to achieve and maintain a stall during spin entry.
e. improper use of flight controls during spin entry, rotation, or recovery.
f. disorientation during a spin.
g. failure to distinguish between a high-speed spiral and a spin.
h. excessive speed or accelerated stall during recovery.
i. failure to recover with minimum loss of altitude.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a spin from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a spin.
FAA-S-8081-8A1-49 XlII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: SIMULATED OFF-AIRPORT LANDING REFERENCES: AC 60-14; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23;
Soaring Flight Manual, Glider Flight Manual.
NOTE: This landing will be performed at an established airport.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a simulated off-airport landing by describing—
a. selection of a suitable landing area.
b. obstacles and other hazards to be considered.
c. how to estimate wind speed and direction.
d. planning and execution of the approach to the selected landing area without use of the altimeter.
e. techniques that can be used to compensate for undershooting or overshooting selected landing area.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a simulated off-airport landing by describing—
a. improper airspeed control.
b. poor judgment in the selection of a landing area.
c. failure to properly estimate wind speed and direction
d. failure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation.
e. undershooting or overshooting selected landing area.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a simulated offairport landing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a simulated off-airport landing.