AC 61-98C

Par 5-1 Page 19 CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENT PROFICIENCY CHECK

5-1. STRUCTURING AN INSTRUMENT PROFICIENCY CHECK (IPC). Title 14 CFR part 61, § 61.57(d) outline the requirements for an IPC. This chapter provides guidance on the conduct of the IPC. In addition, the CFI may wish to use the FAA’s optional online guidance document available at www.faa.gov (search for “Instrument Proficiency Check Guidance”), to structure, conduct, and document the IPC. Appendix 9 provides an optional IPC checklist as an instructor job aid resource for conducting an IPC. Note that practical test standards (PTS), or its equivalent, outline the required maneuvers conducted in an IPC (see paragraph 5-3 of this chapter).

a. Instructor Requirements to Conduct an IPC. The CFI must hold an instrument rating on his or her pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft used for the IPC. For example, an IPC conducted in a multiengine airplane requires a CFI who holds both multiengine and instrument ratings on his or her pilot and flight instructor certificate. The basis for flight instructor privileges and limitations are found in §§ 61.193(g) and 61.195(d)(6). The CFI should also meet currency requirements for his or her pilot and CFI certificate.

NOTE: In addition to having the appropriate instructor ratings, the CFI should consider other factors relating to his or her ability to conduct an IPC.

These include the factors discussed for the flight review as well as the instructor’s own instrument currency.

b. Conducting an IPC. A CFI may conduct part or all (as specified in the current edition of FAA-S-8081-4, Instrument Rating Practical Test Standards for Airplane, Helicopter, and Powered Lift) of the IPC in an approved simulator, flight training device (FTD), or aviation training device (ATD). If given in a flight simulation training device (FSTD), that trainer must receive specific approval for such use, in writing, by the FAA Administrator. Guidance on the applicability of specific devices to particular tasks is located in the current instrument PTS publication FAA-S-8081-4, appendix 2, and the specific device approval document.

NOTE: Advanced aviation training devices (AATD) and basic aviation training devices (BATD) collectively make up the two categories of FAA-approved ATDs. In general, AATDs may be used for the IPC; BATDs may not be used. The CFI should review the ATD letter of authorization for the specific approval for that device.

NOTE: In order to receive credit for a completed IPC conducted in FTDs qualified by the National Simulator Program Manager (NSPM) at levels 4 or above, or full flight simulators, such devices must be used pursuant to a curriculum approved under 14 CFR part 121, 135, 141, or 142.

c. Precheck Considerations. The CFI should structure an IPC in a manner similar to that of the flight review, tailoring the check to the needs of the pilot with mutual agreement on the scope of the check and a plan of action for accomplishing it.

Par 5-1 Page 20

(1) The CFI and pilot should discuss the operating conditions under which the CFI will conduct the check. If the CFI conducts the check in an aircraft, the check may be under visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR) in simulated instrument conditions, or it may be under IFR in actual instrument conditions. If the CFI conducts the check under IFR, or while under VFR conditions simulating instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) with a view-limiting device, it is the CFI’s responsibility to constantly remain vigilant to other aircraft throughout all phases of the flight.

(2) The Pilot’s Instrument Experience Summary in Appendix 7 is available to help the CFI structure an appropriate ground review for the IPC. A table in FAA-S-8081-4 lists the maneuvers required for successful completion of the IPC.

(3) As with the flight review, the CFI should develop a plan of action that uses realistic scenarios to organize and sequence the required tasks and maneuvers. Appendix 8 contains a sample action plan for conducting the proficiency check. The CFI should also discuss crewmember roles and responsibilities with the pilot.

5-2. IPC KNOWLEDGE PORTION.

a. Determining the Pilot’s IFR Knowledge. The CFI determines whether the pilot has adequate knowledge and understanding of part 91, especially subpart B, Flight Rules; subpart C, Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements; and subpart E, Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations. Additionally, the CFI determines that the pilot has adequate knowledge and understanding of the following areas:

(1) Instrument en route and approach chart interpretation, including Standard Instrument Departures (SID), Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP), Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR), and Area Navigation (RNAV)/Global Positioning System (GPS)/wide area augmentation system (WAAS) procedures.

(2) Obtaining and analyzing weather information, including knowledge of hazardous weather phenomena, such as icing and convective activity.

(3) Preflight planning, including aircraft performance, Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) information (including temporary flight restrictions (TFR)), fuel requirements, alternate requirements, and use of appropriate FAA publications such as the Airport/Facility Directory.

(4) Aircraft systems related to IFR operations, including appropriate operating methods, limitations, and emergency procedures due to equipment failure.

(5) Aircraft flight instruments and navigation equipment, including characteristics, limitations, operating techniques, and emergency procedures due to malfunction or failure, such as lost communications and automation failure procedures.

(6) Determining the airworthiness of the aircraft for instrument flight, including required inspections and documents.

Par 5-2 Page 21 (and 22)

(7) Air traffic control (ATC) procedures pertinent to flight under IFR with emphasis on elements of ATC clearances and pilot/controller responsibilities.

(8) A general working knowledge of aerodynamic principles relating to angle of attack (AOA) and the purpose, operation, and limitations of AOA indicators (if installed).

b. Evaluation of the Pilot’s Instrument Flight Proficiency. Following the discussion of the above subjects, the CFI should ask the pilot to prepare for the skill portion of the IPC by completing the necessary flight planning, obtaining current weather data, filing a flight plan, and conducting the preflight inspection. In order to fully evaluate the pilot’s skills under normal operating conditions, the CFI may wish to have the pilot conduct a short IFR cross-country flight with at least part of the flight conducted “in the system” under IFR.

5-3. IPC SKILL PORTION. The maneuvers and procedures selected for the IPC must include those listed in the Rating Task Table in FAA-S-8081-4. The CFI conducting the IPC has the discretion to require any other maneuver(s) necessary to determine that the pilot can safely operate under IFR in a broad range of conditions appropriate to the aircraft flown and the ATC environment selected. However, in any case, the CFI should pay particular attention to those areas within the PTS identified as “Special Emphasis.” The CFI should emphasize proper adherence to ATC clearances. Regardless of the maneuvers and procedures selected, the CFI should ensure that the pilot demonstrates satisfactory basic attitude instrument flying skills. For checks conducted in an airplane but not under actual instrument weather conditions, the CFI should employ an appropriate view-limiting device to simulate instrument conditions. As an aid to the CFI, Appendix 9 contains a sample CFI IPC checklist for conducting the IPC.

5-4. POST-IPC CONSIDERATIONS AND RECORDKEEPING. Upon completion of the proficiency check, the CFI may wish to complete the summary and evaluation portion of the checklist and debrief the pilot on the results of the check. Regardless of the determination, the CFI should provide the pilot with a comprehensive analysis of his or her performance, including suggestions for improving any weak areas. Chapter 5 of FAA-H-8083-9 provides specific suggestions for conducting the postflight evaluation discussion as a “collaborative critique.”

a. Unsatisfactory Performance. As with the flight review, the CFI should not endorse the pilot’s logbook to reflect an unsatisfactory IPC. Rather, the CFI should log the session as “dual instruction given.”

b. Satisfactory Performance. The endorsement for a satisfactory proficiency check should be in accordance with AC 61-65. If the CFI uses the sample action plan and checklist in Appendix 9, then he or she may wish to retain the action plan as a record of the scope and content of the competency check, even though not required by § 61.189.

Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1. RESOURCES

1. Advisory Circulars (AC) (FAA—all current editions):

http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/.

• AC 60-28, English Language Skill Standards Required by 14 CFR Parts 61, 63, and 65.

• AC 61-65, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors.

• AC 61-89, Pilot Certificates: Aircraft Type Ratings.

• AC 61-91, WINGS—Pilot Proficiency Program.

• AC 90-109, Transition to Unfamiliar Airplanes. (Provides additional information and guidance pertaining to transition to experimental or unfamiliar airplanes.)

• AC 91-73, Parts 91 and 135 Single Pilot, Flight School Procedures During Taxi Operations.

2. Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM):

http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/#manuals.

3. Aviation Digital Data Service (ADDS): http://www.aviationweather.gov/adds/.

4. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA): http://www.aopa.org.

5. Beyond the Buttons: Mastering Our Marvelous Flying Machines:

https://www.faasafety.gov/files/gslac/library/documents/2007/Mar/15239/7.1%20TAA%20Flyin g%20Skills%20MarApr07.pdf.

6. Conducting an Effective Flight Review:

http://www.faa.gov/pilots/training/media/flight_review.pdf.

7. Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA): http://eaa.org/.

8. Flight Service (Lockheed Martin): http://www.afss.com.

9. General Aviation Pilot’s Guide to Preflight Weather Planning, Weather Self-Briefings, and Weather Decision Making: www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/media/ga_weather_decision_making.pdf.

10. General Aviation Manufacturer’s Association (GAMA): http://www.gama.aero/.

11. Information for Operators (InFO) (FAA—all current editions):

http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/info/all_infos/.

• InFO 14010, Installation, Training, and Use of Non-required/Supplemental Angle-of-Attack (AOA) Based Systems for General Aviation (GA) Airplanes, July 25, 2014.

• InFO 15012, Logging Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP), September 8, 2015.

12. Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) Guidance:

www.faa.gov/pilots/training/media/IPC_Guidance.pdf.

Appendix 1

13. National Association of Flight Instructors (NAFI): http://www.nafinet.org/.

14. Night Flying Safety, FAA Aviation News:

http://www.faa.gov/news/safety_briefing/2008/media/novdec2008.pdf.

15. Online Resources for certificated flight instructors (CFI), FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam):

http://www.faasafety.gov.

16. Personal Minimums Checklist, FAA/Industry Training Standards (FITS):

http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/guidance/media/personal%20minimums%20che cklist.pdf.

17. FITS Personal and Weather Risk Assessment Guide:

http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/guidance.

18. Practical Test Standards (PTS) (all current editions), e.g, FAA-S-8081-4, Instrument Rating Practical Test Standards: http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards/.

19. Handbooks & Manuals—FAA:

http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/.

• FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructor’s Handbook.

• Handbook(s) appropriate for the category of aircraft being operated;

e.g., FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane Flying Handbook.

20. Risk Management and System Safety Modules:

http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/training/flight_instructor.

21. Risk Management Teaching Tips:

http://www.faasafety.gov/gslac/ALC/libview_normal.aspx?id=6107.

22. Society of Aviation and Flight Educators (SAFE): http://www.safepilots.org.

23. Teaching Practical Risk Management (May/June 2005 Issue of FAA Aviation News):

http://www.faa.gov/news/safety_briefing/2005.

24. Tools for CFIs (AOPA): http://flighttraining.aopa.org/cfis.

Appendix 2 Page 1 (and 2) APPENDIX 2. SAMPLE AIRPLANE PILOT’S PROFICIENCY PRACTICE PLAN Pilot’s Name: Date:

Flight Rules (VFR) Flight Profile – Every 4-6 Weeks:

 Preflight (include 3-P Risk Management Process (RMP) (Perceive hazards, Process risk level, and Perform risk management).) (Refer to Appendix 1, Resources, number 5.)

 Normal taxi.

 Takeoff.

 Departure to practice area.

 CHAPS (before each maneuver):

 Clear the area.

 Heading established and noted.

 Altitude established (at least 3,000 above ground level (AGL)).

 Position near a suitable emergency landing area.

 Set power and aircraft configuration.

 Steep turns (both directions), altitude within 100 feet and airspeed within 10 knots.

 Power-off stalls (approach to landing) and recovery.

 Power-on stalls (takeoff/departure) and recovery.

 Ground reference maneuvers (600’ to 1000’ AGL).

 Pattern practice:

 Normal landing (full flaps).

 Short-field takeoff and landing over a 50 feet obstacle.

 Soft-field takeoff and landing.

 Slow flight  Discretional maneuver  Discretional maneuver  Secure the aircraft.

 Review your performance.

 Schedule next proficiency flight.

Appendix 3 Page 1 (and 2) APPENDIX 3. SAMPLE PILOT’S PERSONAL AERONAUTICAL GOALS Pilot’s Name: Date:

Training Goals Certificate Level (Private, Commercial, air transport pilot (ATP)) Ratings (Instrument, Multiengine Land (MEL), Airplane Single-Engine Sea (ASES), Airplane Multiengine Sea (AMES), Rotorcraft, Glider, etc.)

Endorsements (high performance, complex, tailwheel, high altitude, etc.)

Phase in Pilot Proficiency Program (WINGS) Instructor Qualifications (certificated flight instructor (CFI), CFI – instrument (CFII), Multiengine Instructor, advanced ground instructor (AGI), instrument ground instructor (IGI)) Other:

Proficiency Goals Lower personal minimums to:

Ceiling Visibility Winds Precision approach minimums Non-precision approach minimums Fly at least:

Times per month Hours per month Hours per year Cross-country flights per year Night hours per month Make a cross-country trip to:

Other:

Aeronautical Training Action Plan

Appendix 4 Page 1 (and 2) APPENDIX 4. SAMPLE CERTIFICATED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S FLIGHT

REVIEW CHECKLIST Step 1: Preflight Review Actions  Scheduling  Pilot’s aeronautical history  Title 14 CFR part 91 review assignment  Cross-country flight plan assignment Step 2: Ground Discussion  English Language Proficiency (ELP)  Regulatory review  Cross-country flight plan review  Risk management (RM) and personal minimums Step 3: Conducting the Flight  Physical aircraft (basic skills)  Takeoffs and stabilized approaches to landings  Slow flight  Stalls and recovery/spin recognition and avoidance  Recovery from unusual attitudes  Simulated loss of power/engine  Operating the aircraft by sole reference to instruments under actual or simulated conditions  Aeronautical decision-making  Automation system failures Step 4: Postflight Discussion  Replay, reflect, reconstruct, redirect  Questions Step 5: Aeronautical Health Maintenance and Improvement Plan  Personal minimums checklist  Personal proficiency practice plan  Training plan (if desired)  Resources list Sample Pilot’s Aeronautical History for Flight Review Pilot:

CFI:

Address:

Phone(s):

E-mail:

Pilot Certificate(s):

Private Commercial Air transport pilot (ATP) Flight instructor Ratings (not necessarily inclusive):

Instrument Airplane Single-Engine Pilot (ASEL) Multiengine Land (MEL) Lighter-than-air (LTA) Rotorcraft (Other) Experience (pilot):

Total time Last 6 months Average hours/month Time since last flight review Since last instrument proficiency check (IPC) Experience (aircraft):

Aircraft type(s) you fly Aircraft used most often Total time Last 6 months Average hours/month Experience (flight environment):

Since your last flight review, approximately how many hours have you logged in:

Day visual flight rules (VFR) Day instrument flight rules (IFR) Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) Night VFR Night IFR Mountainous/Overwater Towered Non-Towered Type of Flying (external factors):

What percentage of your flying is for:

Pleasure Business Local Cross country Personal Skills Assessment:

Strengths as a pilot?

Areas for improvement?

Aviation goals?

Appendix 5

APPENDIX 5. REGULATORY REVIEW GUIDE SIDE 1 PILOT  Experience: Recent Flight Experience (14 CFR part 61, § 61.57).

 Responsibility:

 Authority (14 CFR part 91 § 91.3).

 Flightcrew Members at Station (§ 91.105).

 Preflight Action (§ 91.103).

 Safety Belts (§ 91.107).

 Air Traffic Control (ATC) Instructions (§ 91.123).

 Cautions:

 Careless or Reckless Operation (§ 91.13).

 Dropping Objects (§ 91.15).

 Alcohol or Drugs (§ 91.17).

 Supplemental Oxygen (§ 91.211).

 Fitness for Flight (Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) (chapter 8, section 1)).

AIRCRAFT  Airworthiness:

 Basic (§ 91.7).

 Flight Manual, Markings, and Placards (§ 91.9).

 Certifications Required (§ 91.203).

 Instrument and Equipment Requirements (§ 91.205).

 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) (§ 91.207).

 Position Lights (§ 91.209).

 Inoperative Instruments and Equipment (§ 91.213).

 Transponder Requirements (§ 91.215).

 Maintenance:

 Responsibility (§ 91.403).

 Maintenance Required (§ 91.405).

 Operation after Maintenance (§ 91.407).

 Maintenance Records (§ 91.417).

 Inspections:

 Annual, Airworthiness Directives (AD), 100 Hours (§ 91.409).

 Altimeter and Pitot Static System (§ 91.411).

 Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) Check (§ 91.171).

 Transponder (§ 91.413).

 ELT (§ 91.207).

Appendix 5

SIDE 2

ENVIRONMENT  Airports:

 Markings (AIM (chapter 2, section 3)).

 Operations (AIM (chapter 4, section 3); §§ 91.125 and 91.126).

 Traffic Patterns (§ 91.126).

 Airspace:

 Altimeter Settings (AIM (chapter 7, section 2); § 91.121).

 Minimum Safe Altitudes (§§ 91.119 and 91.177).

 Cruising Altitudes (AIM (chapter 3, section 1, paragraph 3-1-5); §§ 91.159 and 91.179).

 Speed Limits (§ 91.117).

 Right of Way (§ 91.113).

 Formation (§ 91.111).

 Types of Airspace (AIM (chapter 3)).

 Controlled Airspace (AIM (chapter 3, section 2); §§ 91.129, 91.130, 91.131, and 91.135).

 Class G Airspace (AIM (chapter 3, section 3)).

 Special Use (AIM (chapter 3, section 4); §§ 91.133, 91.137, 91.141, 91.143, and 91.145).

 Emergency Air Traffic Rules (AIM (chapter 5, section 6); § 91.139).

 Air Traffic Control & Procedures:

 Services (AIM (chapter 4, section 1)).

 Radio Communications (AIM (chapter 4, section 2); Pilot/Controller Glossary).

 Clearances (AIM (chapter 4, section 4)).

 Procedures (AIM (chapter 5)).

 Weather:

 Meteorology (AIM (chapter 7, section 1)).

 Wake Turbulence (AIM (chapter 7, section 3)).

EXTERNAL PRESSURE  Personal Minimums Checklist.

 Risk Management (RM) (3-P model).

 Practical Test Standards (PTS) Special Emphasis Items.

Appendix 6

APPENDIX 6. SAMPLE FLIGHT REVIEW CHECKLIST SIDE 1 References Selected portions of 14 CFR § 61.56

(a) A flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include:

(1) A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and

(2) A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate.

(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has—

(1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and

(2) A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.

(d) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, passed any of the following need not accomplish the flight review required by this section:

(1) A pilot proficiency check or practical test conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or a U.S. Armed Force, for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege.

(2) A practical test conducted by an examiner for the issuance of a flight instructor certificate, an additional rating on a flight instructor certificate, renewal of a flight instructor certificate, or reinstatement of a flight instructor certificate.

(e) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, satisfactorily accomplished one or more phases of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program need not accomplish the flight review required by this section.

AC 61-65E Completion of a Flight Review: §§ 61.56(a) and 61.56(c).

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has satisfactorily completed a flight review of § 61.56(a) on (date).

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 NOTE: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance on a flight review is required.

Flight Review Checklist Step 1: Preparation  Pilot's Aeronautical History  Part 91 Review Assignment  Cross-Country Flight Plan Assignment Step 2: Ground Review  English Language Proficiency (ELP)  Regulatory Review  Cross-Country Flight Plan Review  Weather & Weather Decision-Making  Risk Management & Personal Minimums  GA Security Issues Step 3: Flight Activities  Physical Airplane (basic skills)  Mental Airplane Automaton and A/C (systems knowledge)  Takeoffs and Stabilized Approaches to Landings  Slow Flight  Stalls and Recovery/Spin Recognition/Avoidance  Recovery from Unusual Attitudes  Simulated Loss of Power/Engine  Operating the Aircraft by Sole Reference to Instruments Under Actual or Simulated Conditions  Aeronautical Decision-Making  Automation System  Automation System Failures Step 4: Postflight Discussion  Replay, Reflect, Reconstruction, Redirect  Questions Step 5: Aeronautical Health Maintenance & Improvement Plan  Personal Minimums Checklist  Personal Proficiency Practice Plan  Training Plan (if desired) For aviation safety information and online resources, visit www.faasafety.gov.

Appendix 6

SIDE 2 Ground Review PILOT:

 Experience:

 Recent Flight Experience (61.57)  Responsibility:

 Authority (91.3)  ATC Instructions (91.123)  Preflight Action (91.103)  Safety Belts (91.107)  Flight Crew at Station (91.105)  Cautions:

 Careless or Reckless Operation (91.13)  Dropping Objects (91.15)  Alcohol or Drugs (91.17)  Supplemental Oxygen (91.211)  Fitness for Flight (AIM Chapter 8, Section 1) AIRCRAFT:

 Airworthiness:

 Basic (91.7)  Flight Manual, Markings, Placards (91.9)  Certification Required (91.203)  Instrument & Equipment Requirements (91.205)  ELT (91.207)  Position Lights (91.209)  Transponder Requirements (91.215)  Inoperative Instruments and Equipment (91.213)  Maintenance:

 Responsibility (91.403)  Maintenance Required (91.405)  Maintenance Records (91.417)  Operation After Maintenance (91.407)  Inspections:

 Annual, Airworthiness Directives, 100-Hour (91.409)  Altimeter & Pitot Static System (91.411)  VOR Check (91.171)  Transponder (91.413)  ELT (91.207) ENVIRONMENT:

 Airports:

 Markings (AIM Chapter 2, Section 3)  Operations (AIM 4-3; 91.126, 91.125)  Traffic Patterns (91.126)  Airspace:

 Altimeter Settings (91.121; AIM 7-2)  Minimum Safe Altitudes (91.119, 91.177)  Cruising Altitudes (91.159, 91.179; AIM 3-1-5)  Speed Limits (91.117)  Right of Way (91.113)  Formation (91.111)  Types of Airspace (AIM 3)  Controlled Airspace (AIM 3-2; 91.135, 91.131, 91.130,

91.129)  Class G Airspace (AIM 3-3)  Special Use (AIM 3-4; 91.133, 91.137, 91.141, 91.143,

91.145)  Emergency Air Traffic Rules (91.139; AIM 5-6)  Air Traffic Control & Procedures:

 Services (AIM 4-1)  Radio Communications (AIM 4-2 & Pilot Controller Glossary)  Clearances (AIM 4-4)  Procedures (AIM 5)  Weather:

 Meteorology (AIM 7-1)  Wake Turbulence (AIM 7-3) EXTERNAL PRESSURE:

 Personal Minimums Checklist  Risk Management (3-P Model)  PTS Special Emphasis Items Suggested Flight Activities Note: Structure the flight portion as an out-and-back VFR XC, with one leg focused on XC procedures (including diversion and lost procedures) and the other leg focused on airwork (“physical airplane” skills). Suggested activities include:

AREA OF OPERATION (from Private Pilot PTS)  Preflight preparation  Weather Information  Cross-Country Flight Planning  Performance and Limitations  Operation of Systems  Preflight Procedures  Preflight Inspections  Cockpit Management  Before Takeoff Check  Airport Operations  Radio Communications  Airport, Runway, Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting  Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds  Normal and Crosswind Takeoff/Climb  Normal and Crosswind Approach/Landing  Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb  Soft-Field Approach and Landing  Short-Field Takeoff  Short-Field Approach  Go-Around Rejected Landing  Performance Maneuver  Steep Turns  Navigation  Pilotage and Dead Reckoning  Navigation Systems and Radar Services  Diversion  Lost Procedures  Slow Flight and Stalls  Maneuvering During Slow Flight  Power-off Stalls  Power-on Stalls  Spin Awareness  Basic Instrument Maneuvers  Straight and Level Flight  Turns to Headings  Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes  Radio Communications/Nav Systems  Emergency Operations  Emergency Approach and Landing  Systems and Equipment Malfunctions  Automation Failure: Failure of Autopilot and Avionics  Postflight Procedures  After Landing, Parking, Securing