The main function of a flux while welding magnesium.
The types of gases to use when gas-welding magnesium.
The use of butt joints when gas-welding magnesium.
Solder stainless steel.-Level 1:
The use of silver soldering as a method of bonding metals.
The preparation of stainless steel for soldering.
The methods of cleaning material after soldering.
Fabricate tubular structures.-Level 1:
The types of tubing splices.
The proper welding sequence to use when welding fuselage tubes.
The characteristics of a welded tubing joint.
The protection of the interior of tubular steel that is to be closed by welding.
The methods used to control distortion of steel tube structures during welding The preparation of tube ends for welding.
Solder, braze, gas-, and arc-weld steel.- Level 2:
Use cleaning operations to prepare sheet steel for welding.
Adjust oxyacetylene welding torch to produce the type flame needed to weld a specified material.
Select and use filler rod.
The effect of excessive heat on metal.
Operate a portable welding set.
Select the correct size welding torch tip.
The precautions regarding welding over a previously brazed or soldered joint.
Solder a wire or cable to an electrical component.
Sweat-solder a lap joint.
Normalize a steel part after welding.
Identify steel parts considered to be repairable by welding.
The preheating required prior to welding.
Weld aluminum and stainless steel.- Level 2:
Use a filler rod when welding aluminum with oxyacetylene.
Use flux when welding aluminum.
The purpose and effect of using inert gas to shield the arc in certain types of welding.
F. ASSEMBLY AND RIGGING.
Rig rotary-wing aircraft.-Level 1:
The condition of flight that a properly rigged aircraft should maintain.
The relationship of thrust and drag of an aircraft during level unaccelerating flight.
The relationship of lift and weight of an aircraft during level unaccelerating flight.
The meaning of the term "angle of attack" of an airfoil.
The type of control movement used to induce forward flight in a helicopter.
The method of controlling vertical flight of a helicopter.
The movement of an aircraft about its axes during normal flight maneuvers.
The factors affecting stability of an aircraft about its axes.
The methods of maintaining directional control of a helicopter.
The cause and effect of rotor blade stall in helicopters operating at high speeds.
The cause of vertical vibration in a twoblade helicopter rotor system.
The preparations required prior to rigging.
The method of tracking helicopter main rotor blades.
Rig fixed-wing aircraft.-Level 2:
The condition of flight that a properly rigged aircraft should maintain.
The factors to consider when rigging vertical stabilizer of single-engine, propeller-driven aircraft.
The relationship of thrust and drag of an aircraft during level unaccelerating flight.
The effect of incorrect wing incidence angle.
The effeet of dihedral on aircraft stability.
Use wing "wash-in" and "wash-out" to correct aircraft rigging.
The relationship of lift and weight of an aircraft during level unaccelerating flight.
The meaning of the term "angle of attack" of an airfoil.
The effect of flaps on aircraft landing speed and approach angle.
The meaning of the term "incidence angle" of an airfoil.
The movement of an aircraft about its axes during normal flight maneuvers.
The relationship between the center of pressure of a wing and its angle of attack.
The factors affecting stability of an aircraft about its axes.
The usual location of aircraft c.g. in relationship to center of lift.
The changes in lift and drag of the wings when an aircraft is rolled about its longitudinal axis.
The procedure for establishing wing angle of incidence prior to repairing wing attachment fittings.
Check alignment of structures.-Level 2:
Prepare fuselage for alignment check.
Check alignment of internally braced wing structure.
The significance and method of expressing reference positions.
Check alignment of assembled aircraft.
Assemble aircraft.-Level 3:
The methods of safetying aircraft screws, bolts, and nuts.
Assemble, adjust, and safety cable turnbuckles.
The correct method of inserting bolts in aircraft fittings.
Install and inspect swaged cable terminals and fittings.
Balance and rig movable surfaces.- Level 3:
The inspection requirements for cableoperated primary flight control systems.
Handle and make up control cables.
The corrosion protection requirements of control cables.
The effect of overtightening control cables.
The relationship between specified movements of the cockpit controls and the control surfaces.
The relationship between specified control movements during flight and the movement of the aircraft about its axes.
The movement of the controls, control surfaces, and the aircraft about its axes during normal flight maneuvers.
Balance control surfaces after repair.
The relationship between specified movements of the trim tab operating device and the trim tab.
Secure the cockpit flight controls in preparation for control surface rigging.
The effect of a worn pulley in a cableoperated control system.
The means used to reduce or prevent control surface flutter.
The purpose and operation of control surface locks.
The purpose and operation of differential controls.
The purpose and applicability of fairleads in a cable-operated control system.
Install and rig the cables in a flight control system.
Splice control cables using Nicopress sleeves.
The probable causes of control surface flutter.
The maintenance requirements of control surface trim tab systems.
The purpose of counterweights incorporated into the leading edges of some primary control surfaces.
The purpose and function of "spring tabs" and "servo tabs".
Measure control surface movement and adjust control stops.
The effect of temperature changes on control system cable tension.
Assemble, adjust, inspect, and safety pushpull tube-type flight control systems.
The types and characteristics of cables used in aircraft primary control systems.
Jack aircraft.-Level 3:
Determine maximum allowable jacking weight.
The use of correct capacity jacks.
Protect aircraft from damage during lifting and lowering operations.
Use ballast when jacking aircraft with engine removed:
The effects of wind when jacking aircraft.
G. AIRFRAME INSPECTION.
Perform airframe conformity and airworthiness inspections.-Level 3:
The maximum period of time an aircraft can be flown before an annual inspection is required.
Determine the condition of airframes, airframe systems, and components.
The primary purpose of inspection.
The maximum time an aircraft that carries passengers for hire or is used in flight instruction can be flown before being inspected.
Determine that an aircraft is in conformity with FAA Specifications.
Determine that applicable Airworthiness Directives have been complied with.
Conduct a thorough and detailed inspection of an aircraft.
AVIATION MECHANIC AIRFRAME TEST Section 2. Airframe Systems and Components A. AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR SYS- TEMS.
Inspect, check, service, and repair landing gear, retraction systems, shock struts, brakes, wheels, tires, and steering systems.
-Level 3:
Determine aircraft tire inflation pressures.
The factors affecting the retreading of aircraft tires.
Adjust landing gear toe-in.
Install and remove aircraft wheel and brake assemblies.
Install tubes and tires.
Protect aircraft tires from hydraulic fluids.
Service brake deboosters.
Service landing gear shock struts.
The effects of increasing temperature on "parked" brakes.
Determine the cause of an oleo strut bottoming during taxi operations.
The pressure source for actuating power brakes.
Select and install air valves in oleo shock struts.
Observe safety precautions when demounting tire and wheel assemblies.
blectinğ: perform brako system bleding.
Inspect and adjust multiple-disc brakes.
Install new linings in hydraulically operated single-disc brakes.
Determine the cause of spongy brake action.
Inspect and service aircraft tires and tubes.
Determine the reason for "dragging" brakes.
The method of equalizing braking pressure on both sides of the rotating disc of a single-disc brake.
Operate and check retractable landing Determine the cause of fading brakes.
Replace actuating cylinders.
Install brake blocks in an expander-tube brake assembly.
Inspect brake drums.
The purpose and function of metering pins in oleo shock struts.
Determine the cause of excessive brake pedal travel.
The operating principles of oleo shock struts during landing.
The storage requirements for aircraft tires and tubes.
The effect of a broken return spring in a brake master cylinder.
Determine the cause of grabbing brakes.
The purpose and operation of a debooster in a hydraulic power brake system.
Detect internal leakage in a brake master cylinder.
The operating principles of servo, expander-tube, multiple-disc, and single-disc aircraft brakes.
The purpose and operating principles of brake master cylinders.
B. HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC POWER SYSTEMS.
Repair hydraulic and pneumatic power system components.-Level 2:
Install packing seals and rings on hydraulic components.
Determine the correct seal type to use with ester-base, petroleum-base, and vegetable-base fluids.
Remove and install hydraulic selector valves.
Remove and install a spool-type or balanced-type pressure regulator.
Determine the cause of excessive oil in an aircraft pneumatic power system.
The operating principles of a pneumatic power system multistage reciprocating compressor.
Identify hydraulic seals and packings.
Protect packing rings or seals against thread damage during installation.
Identify and select hydraulic fluids.- Level 3:
Determine the fluid type for use in a specifled aircraft hydraulic system.
The method of measuring the viscosity of a liquid.
Identify ester-base, petroleum-base, and vegetable-base fluids.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.-Level 3:
Determine the air pressure in a hydraulic accumulator.
The location and use of quick-disconnect fittings in hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
The mounting position of diaphragm and bladder-type hydraulic accumulators.
Service hydraulic reservoirs.
Determine the causes of incorrect system pressure.
Service porous paper and micronic filtering elements.
Adjust the pressure setting of the main system relief valve.
Purge air from a hydraulic system.
The term used to indicate force per unit area.
22 Identify the types of hydraulic power systems.
The purpose, location, and operation of a hydraulic fuse.
Protect a hydraulic system against contamination during a component replacement.
Inspect a hydraulic system for water and metal contamination.
Service a pneumatic system moisture separator.
The purpose, location, and operation of an orifice check valve in the wing flap actuating system.
The purpose, location, and operation of a wing flap overload valve.
The purpose, location, and operation of a hydraulic system pressure regulator.
The purpose, location, and operation of a sequence valve.
The purpose, location, and operation of a crossflow valve.
The purpose, location, and operation of a hydraulic system pressure accumulator.
The purpose, location, and operation of a shuttle valve.
The purpose, location, and operation of a check valve.
Install and remove engine-driven hydraulic pumps.
The indications of a worn or damaged hydraulic pump shaft.
The operating principles of hydraulic hand pumps.
The cause of hydraulic pump chatter during operation.
The operating principles of a constantdisplacement hydraulic pump.
The operating principles of a variabledisplacement hydraulic pump.
The purpose of the shear section on the shaft of an engine-driven hydraulic power pump.
The purpose and operation of a hydraulic actuating cylinder.
Determine the cause if a constant-pressure hydraulic system with no external leakage will not hold pressure when the power pump is not operating.
Determine the cause if an engine-driven power pump will not maintain system pressure during the actuation of a unit in the system.
The general features and operating principles of aircraft pneumatic power systems.
The purpose of pressurized reservoirs in some hydraulic systems.
The purpose and location of a standpipe in some hydraulic reservoirs.
The causes of too frequent cycling of a constant-pressure hydraulic system.
Operate and check a hydraulically operated flap system.
The operating mechanism of most hydraulic pressure gauges.
The indications of a low fluid supply during system operation.
C. CABIN ATMOSPHERE CONTROL SYSTEMS.
Repair heating, cooling, air-conditioning, pressurization, and oxygen system components.-Level 1:
The usual reasons a surface combustion heater fails to operate.
The effects of cracks or holes in an exhaust-type heat exchanger.
The usual sources of contamination of a freon system.
The method of protecting a freon system from contamination during replacement of a component.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair heating, cooling, air-conditioning, and pressurization systems.-Level 1:
The operating principles of a thermostatically controlled surface combustion heater.
The methods used to control cabin pressure of a pressurized aircraft.
The protective features included in the control circuits of surface combustion heaters.
The purpose and operation of check valves in the delivery air ducts of a pressurization system.
The basic principles of providing and controlling aircraft pressurization.
The inspection requirements of cabin heating systems that utilize an exhaust heat exchanger as a source of heated air.
The method of checking a combustion heater fuel system for leaks.
The function of the condenser in a freon cooling system.
The function of the evaporator in a freon cooling system.
The function of an expansion valve in a freon cooling system.
The location, in relationship to each other, of the units in a freon cooling system.
The method of determining the liquid level in a vapor-cycle cooling system.
The procedure for servicing a vapor-cycle air-conditioning system that has lost all its freon charge.
The basic operating principles of an aircycle cooling system.
The function of a jet pump in a pressurization and air-conditioning system.
The function of a mixing valve in an airconditioning system.
The function of the negative pressurerelief valve in a pressurization system.
The function of the outflow valve in a pressurization system.
The function and principles of operation of an automatic cabin rate-of-climb control system.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and repair oxygen systems.-Level 2:
Check oxygen system for leakage.
Service oxygen system with breathing oxygen.
Inspect a breathing oxygen system for contamination.
D. AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT SYS- TEMS.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair heading, speed, altitude, time, attitude, temperature, pressure, and position indicating systems.-Level 1:
The procedure for "swinging" an aircraft magnetic compass.
The methods used to test a static air system for leakage.
The significance of various types of marks on the face of an instrument.
The operating principles of a thermocouple temperature-indicating circuit.
The service requirements of instrument system filters.
The effect of a ruptured or disconnected static pressure line located inside a pressurized cabin.
Install instruments.-Level 2:
The installation and connection of shockmounted vacuum instruments to their power system.
The types of hardware used to install instruments.
The application of operation markings to the glass face of an aircraft instrument.
The protection of instruments during handling.
The installation practices necessary to prevent damaging an instrument.
The installation practices used in making hose or tubing connections to the instru- E. COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGA- TION SYSTEMS.
Inspect, check, and service autopilot and approach control systems.-Level 1:
The operating principles of the sensing device used in an autopilot system.
The purpose and operation of the autopilot.
The purpose of a servomotor in an autopilot system.
The installation requirements for autopilot units.
The function of a position transmitter in an autopilot system.
Inspect, check, and service aircraft electronic communication and navigation systems.-Level 1:
The FCC regulations pertaining to the operation of two-way radio.
The principal conditions which must be considered in the installation of radio.
The protection of radio equipment from shock and vibration.
The methods of reducing engine noise in radio receivers.
Inspect and repair antenna and electronic equipment installations.-Level 2:
The preferred location and methods of mounting external antennas.
The procedure for returning an aircraft to service after a radio installation has been made in accordance with approved installation data.
The preferred location for the VOR localizer receiver antenna on a small aircraft.
F. AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEMS.
Check and service fuel dump systems.- Level 1:
The reasons for requiring fuel dump systems.
The methods used to control the operation of fuel dump chutes and valves.
The principal safety requirements for a fuel dump system.
The purpose of jettison pumps in fuel dump systems.
Perform fuel management, transfer, and defueling.-Level 1:
The precautions required when defueling an aircraft.
The tank-to-engine combinations possible with a crossfeed system.
The method of maintaing c.g. limits using fuel transfer technique.
The arrangement of fuel system controls, indicators, and warning lights.
Inspect, check, and repair pressure fueling systems.-Level 1:
The method of controlling fuel level during pressure fueling operations.
The methods used to operate fueling valves.
The protection of integral tanks against overpressure during pressure fueling operations.
The arrangement of fueling system controls, indicators, and warning lights.
The precautions required when fueling an aircraft.
The purpose and operation of pilot valves.
Repair aircraft fuel system components.
-Level 2:
Repair and seal fuel tanks.
Pressure test fuel tanks.
Remove and clean fuel strainers.
The precautions to follow when routing fuel lines.
The method of regulating fuel system pressure.
Inspect and repair fluid quantity indicating systems.-Level 2:
The methods used to determine the level of fluid in a tank.
The purpose of remote-reading electrical gages.
Calibrate liquidometer-type fluid quantity indicating systems.
The effect of aircraft attitude on fluid level measuring devices.
Troubleshoot, service, and repair fluid pressure and temperature warning systems.
-Level 2:
Determine and adjust the pressure or temperature at which warning systems operate.
Determine the cause of incorrect warning system indications and make corrections.
Test the operation of temperature and pressure warning systems.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft fuel systems.-Level 3:
The fuel system inspection requirements for aircraft operating in areas of high humidity or wide temperature changes.
The design and installation requirements for aircraft fuel tanks.
The maintenance requirements of fuel tank sumps.
The marking requirements for fuel filler openings.
The purpose of potassium dichromate in a fuel system.
The reason for using booster pumps with engine-driven pumps.
The purpose of baffle plates in fuel tanks.
The installation and operation requirements of fuel valves.
The venting requirements of interconnected fuel tanks.
G. AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.
Repair aircraft electrical system components.-Level 2:
Use a "growler" in generator and motor armature inspection and repair.
Check the condition of shunt and compound generator field circuits.
Locate and use overhaul information for electrical equipment.
The procedures for correcting generator brush arcing.
Dress or turn the commutator surface of a motor or generator armature.
Flash a generator field.
The effect of changes in speed and load on generator output.
The function of a commutator in a direct current electric motor.
new or replacement generator brushes.
The effect of incorrect generator brush spring tension on generator operation.
The methods of reducing armature reaction in aircraft generators.
The operating principles of carbon-pile voltage regulators.
The design factors that determine the number of cycles-per-revolution an alternating current generator will produce.
Determine the speed (r.p.m.) of an electric motor.
The basic principles of generators.
The factors that affect the torque produced by an electric motor.
The methods used to protect armature shafts from overloads.
The speed and load characteristics of series-, compound-, and shunt-wound motors.
The means employed to control current and voltage output of aircraft generators.
The methods used to control output frequency and voltage of alternating current generators.
The general operating characteristics of vibrator-type current and voltage regulators.
The purpose and operation of reversecurrent cutout relays in generator control circuits.
The basic internal electrical circuits of series-, compound-, and shunt-wound gen- The operating principles of magnetic clutches and brakes commonly used with electric motors.
The purpose and operation of reversible electric motors.
Install, check, and service airframe electrical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.-Level 3:
The purpose, applicability, and operation of electrical fuses and circuit breakers.
The types and operation of electrical switches.
Install and wire electrical switches.
Splice wiring in aircraft electrical systems.
The characteristics of high-tension and low-tension electrical wiring.
The purpose, applicability, and use of electrical wiring terminal strips.
The criteria for selecting aluminum and copper electrical cables.
Replace terminals on aircraft aluminum and copper electrical cables.
Determine the current-carrying capacity of an electrical circuit.
The installation and maintenance of open wiring electrical systems.
Install electrical wiring in conduits.
The method of protecting electrically operated emergency systems from accidental actuation.
The strength requirements for electrical cable terminals.
Select and install electrical bonding jumpers.
The installation requirements for electrical junction boxes.
The characteristics of single-wire electrical systems.
The special requirements an electrical bonding jumper must meet if it is required to carry a ground load for a unit of electrical equipment.
The purpose of shielding electrical wiring and equipment.
The use of quick-disconnect electrical plugs and sockets.
The purpose of static wicks or dischargers.
The American Wire Gage (A.W.G.) system of designating electrical wire sizes.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair alternating current and direct current electrical systems.-Level 3:
The results of short or open circuits in a generator control circuit.
The effect of sticking points in a reversecurrent cutout relay.
The cause and effect of solenoid switch chatter.
The installation and circuit requirements for anticollision light systems.
The installation and circuit requirements for position lights.
The method of providing direct current for battery charging on aircraft that operate only alternating current generators.
The common methods of controlling output current and voltage of compound direct current generators.
The operating principles and characteristics of inverters.
Determine the output frequency of an alternating current generator.
The operating principles and characteristics of rectifiers.
The method of providing alternating current in aircraft that operate only direct current generators.
The electrical device usually used to convert alternating current to a lower or higher voltage without a change in frequency.
The operating principles and characteristics of electrical induction coils.
The operating principles and characteristics of transformers.
The advantages of using alternating current in aircraft.
H. POSITION AND WARNING SYS- TEMS.
Inspect, check, and service speed- and takeoff-warning systems, electrical brake controls, and antiskid systems.-Level 1:
The general requirements for installing skid detectors.
The operating principles of hydraulic brake antiskid systems.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair landing gear position indicating and warning systems.-Level 3:
Determine the cause of a gear unsafe warning signal.
The effect of various electrical faults in the operation of the landing gear warning system.
I. ICE AND RAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair airframe ice and rain control systems.-Level 2:
Install deicer boots.
The operating principles of anti-icing systems that utilize heated air in the leading edges of airfoils and intake ducts.
The operating principles of electrically operated anti-icing systems.
Protect deicer boots from deterioration.
J. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS.
Inspect, check, and service smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems.-Level The operating principles of smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft fire detection and extinguishing systems.-Level 3:
The type of fire-extinguishing agent most suitable for use with electrical fires.
The fire-extinguishing agent normally used with built-in aircraft fire-extinguishing systems.
Check fire extinguisher container pressure.
Check continuity and resistance of the electrical circuit.
28 Determine the cause for the system failing to function.
Check fire warning sensors or detectors for open or short circuits.
AVIATION MECHANIC POWERPLANT TEST Section 1. Powerplant Theory and Maintenance A. RECIPROCATING ENGINES.
Inspect and repair 14-cylinder or larger radial engine.-Level 1:
The purpose and advantages of using propeller reduction gearing.
The characteristics of thrust bearings used in large radial engines.
The characteristics of crankshaft bearings used in large radial engines.
i sectorite of the row radial engine.
The loads acting on the power case and nose case of a large radial engine during various conditions of operation.
The methods of classifying reciprocating engines.
The factors that affect the volumetric efficiency of an engine.
Determine the cylinder firing order for various types of engines.
Overhaul reciprocating engine.-Level 2:
The purpose and operating principles of dynamic dampers used in aircraft engines.
The characteristics of various crankshaft designs.
The basic operating principles of fourstroke cycle engines.
The characteristics of various piston pin and knuckle pin retention devices.
The processes used to harden cylinder bores.
The purpose and applicability of choketype or taper-ground cylinders.
The wear characteristics of engine cylinder walls.
The purpose of valve overlap in some engines.
The effects of various poppet-type valve face angles.
The characteristics of various types of valve operating mechanisms.
The operating characteristics of zero-lash hydraulic valve lifters.
Time engine valves during engine assembly.
Install valve guides.
Grind and resurface valves and valve seats.
The purpose of using relatively large piston-to-cylinder wall clearances in aircraft engines.
The indications of failed or failing engine bearings.
The result of operating an engine at high power settings before the lubricating oil has come up to operating temperature.
Check piston rings for correct end and side clearance.
Check valve stems for stretch.
Repair a scored aluminum piston.
Perform crankshaft "runout."
Prepare engine for disassembly before overhaul.
Measure inside diameter, taper, and outof-round of a cylinder bore.
Install cylinders and tighten holddown nuts.
The construction characteristics of aircooled engine cylinders.
The construction characteristics and the operating principles of poppet-type engine 29