The construction characteristics of aircraft engine pistons.
The types and arrangements of piston rings used in aircraft engines.
The purpose of using more than one spring on aircraft engine valves.
The operating principles and construction of spur and pinion-type and planetarytype propeller reduction gearing.
The principles of construction and operation of accessory gear drive trains on reciprocating engines.
Inspect cast and forged engine crankcase assemblies.
Remove and install studs in engine crankcase and accessory sections.
Inspect, check, service, and repair opposed and radial engines and reciprocating engine installations.-Level 3:
Check and adjust engine valve clearances.
Determine the speed and direction of rotation of the cam ring in various radial engines.
The effect of excessive or insufficient valve clearance on engine operation.
The relationship between operating valve clearance and cold valve clearance.
Perform cylinder compression tests.
Perform an ignition system operational check.
Determine the condition of cable-operated engine control systems.
Check and adjust engine idling speed and mixture.
Detect and determine the cause of a "cold" cylinder.
The purpose of establishing one or more critical ranges for certain engine-propeller combinations.
The operating indications of a worn or weak engine.
The effect of a leaking oil dilution valve on engine operation.
The effect of a low oil supply on engine operation.
The indications of a correctly functioning engine oil system.
The probable cause of oil being thrown out of the breather of a wet-sump engine.
Determine the source and cause of metallic particles found on the oil screen during engine inspection.
The effect of an unbalanced propeller on engine operation.
The power settings most desirable for protracted engine operation.
Dilute engine oil in preparation for cold weather starting operations.
The purpose and operating principles of engine dynamic suspension systems.
Install and time a magneto.
Install, troubleshoot, and remove reciprocating engines.-Level 3:
The effect of throttle position upon fuelair mixture in the cylinders during starting.
Pre-oil an overhauled engine before starting.
Install air-cooled engine baffles.
The method of hoisting or lifting engines during removal and installation.
The effect of increased engine manifold pressure on master rod bearing load.
The effect of air density on engine power output.
The causes of engine backfire.
The basic operational sequence for increasing or reducing the power output of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller.
The factors that affect an engine's tendency to detonate.
The effect of induction system air leaks on engine operation.
The indications of a leaking primer system during engine operation.
The effect of exhaust back pressure on engine power output.
The result of incorrect fuel-air mixture adjustments.
The indication and effect of carburetor cing.
Operate and adjust mechanical push-pull control systems.
B. 'TURBINE ENGINES.
Overhaul turbine engine.-Level 2:
The relationship between rotor speed and total thrust of a turbine engine.
The relationship between turbine inlet temperature and thrust of a turbine engine.
The relationship between operating altitude and thrust of a turbine engine.
The operating characteristics of turbine engines equipped with two-spool or "split" compressors.
The operating characteristics of fan and bypass turbine engines.
The relative gas pressures in various portions of a turbine engine.
The function of the nozzle diaphragm in a turbine engine.
The function of the exhaust cone in a turbine engine.
The operating characteristics and types of combustion chambers.
Remove and install outer combustionchamber case and liners.
The methods for disassembling compressor sections.
The function and location of fuel nozzles.
Inspect, check, service, and repair turbine engines and turbine engine installations.- Level 2:
The principles of operation of thrust reversing systems used with turbine engines.
The advantages of a gas turbine geared to a propeller.
The types of compressors most commonly used in turbine engines.
The construction and operating characteristics of axial-flow compressors.
The advantages of the axial-flow compressor over the centrifugal compressor.
The function and location of the diffuser section.
The basic design of turbine blades.
The effect of high ambient temperatures on turbine engine operation.
The type failures to which turbine components are subject.
The results of excessive operating temperature.
Install, troubleshoot, and remove turbine engines.-Level 2:
The operating principles of a turbine engine.
The effect of air density on the thrust of a turbine engine.
The effect of exhaust nozzle adjustments on turbine engine operation.
The method of controlling compressor surge.
The purpose and operation of fuel control devices.
The cause of hot spots on the outer combustion casing.
The method of insuring ignition in combustion chambers not equipped with igniter plugs.
Adjust turbine engine fuel controls.
C. ENGINE INSPECTION.
Perform powerplant conformity and airworthiness inspections.-Level 3:
Determine that applicable Airworthiness Directives are complied with.
Determine that the powerplant conforms with the applicable FAA Specification.
AVIATION MECHANIC POWERPLANT TEST Section 2. Powerplant Systems and Components A. ENGINE INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS.
Troubleshoot, service, and repair fluid rate-of-flow indicating systems.-Level 2:
The purpose and operating principles of a fuel-flow indicating system.
The relationship between fuel flow and the power output of an engine.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine temperature, pressure, and
r.p.m. indicating systems.-Level 3:
The operating principles of thermocoupletype temperature indicating systems.
The effect of a broken or leaking manifold pressure gage line.
The purpose and operating principles of an exhaust gas analyzer system.
The purpose and operating principles of a manifold pressure indicating system.
The operating principles of engine oil temperature indicating systems.
Apply markings to the glass face of engine instruments.
Install tachometer drives.
Determine the reason for failure of an electric tachometer system.
The requirements for a carburetor air temperature indicating system.
Determine the reason for an off-scale reading of a ratiometer-type indicating system.
Determine the cause of erratic indications when using a thermocouple system.
The purpose and operating principles of fuel pressure warning systems.
The installation practices for thermocouple leads.
The operation and use of synchronous motors.
Measure the resistance of thermocouple leads.
Determine the cause of an inverse reading in a thermocouple temperature indicating system.
Identify the types and application of thermocouples used to indicate turbine engine temperatures.
B. ENGINE FIRE PROTECTION SYS TEMS.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine fire detection and extinguishing systems.-Level 3:
Check continuity and resistance of the electrical circuit.
Determine the causes of system malfunction.
The methods used to release the extinguishing agent.
The sensing devices used in the detection systems.
C. ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.
Repair engine electrical system components.-Level 2:
Check the condition of shunt and compound generator field circuits.
Locate and use overhaul information for electrical equipment.
The procedures for correcting generator brush arcing.
Check a motor or generator armature to determine that the windings are not grounded.
Smooth the commutator surface of a motor or generator armature.
Determine the cause of solder deposits on the armature cover plate of a generator.
The purpose of a ripple filter in a generator power circuit.
The type of electric motor used with direct-cranking engine starters.
The types of voltage regulators used with high output direct current generators.
The results of short or open circuits in a generator control circuit.
The effect of sticking points in a reversecurrent cutout relay.
The method of providing and controlling the field current of aircraft generators.
The methods of controlling parallel direct current generators.
The methods used to control output frequency and voltage of alternating current.
generators.
The methods of reducing armature reaction in aircraft generators.
The methods of controlling current and voltage output of compound direct current generators.
The operating principles of carbon-pile voltage regulators.
The operating characteristics of serieswound direct current electric motors.
The purpose and operation of reversecurrent cutout relays in generator control circuits.
The general operating characteristics of vibrator-type current and voltage regulators.
Flash a generator field.
The effect of changes in speed and load on generator output.
The design factors that determine the number of cycles per revolution an alternating current generator will produce.
The factors that affect the torque produced by an electric motor.
The function of a commutator in a direct current electic motor.
Determine the output frequency of an alternating current generator.
The methods used to protect armature shafts from overloads.
Seat new or replacement generator brushes.
The effect of incorrect generator brush spring tension on generator operation.
The speed and load characteristics of series-, compound-, and shunt-wound electric motors.
The basic principles of electric generators.
The basic internal electrical circuits of series-, compound-, and shunt-wound generators.
The applicability and use of intermittentduty electric motors.
The operating principles of magnetic clutches and brakes commonly used with electric motors.
The requirements and methods for controlling a malfunctioning generator.
The purpose and operation of reversible electric motors.
Install, check, and service engine electrical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.-Level 3:
The purpose, applicability, and operation of electrical fuses and circuit breakers.
The types of electrical switches and their operation.
Install and wire electrical switches.
Splice wiring in engine electrical systems.
The characteristics of high-tension and low-tension electrical wiring.
The purpose, applicability, and use of electrical wiring terminal strips.
The criteria for selecting aluminum and copper electrical cables.
Replace terminals on aircraft aluminum and copper electrical cables.
Types of switches and circuits used to control reversible electric motors.
Identify aircraft electric cables.
Determine the current-carrying capacity of an electrical circuit.
Install electrical wiring in conduits.
Use electric cable selection chart for determining the correct cable to use in specified circumstances.
The strength requirements for electric cable terminals.
Select and install electrical bonding jumpers.
The installation requirements for electrical junction boxes.
The installation and wiring of solenvidoperated switches.
The characteristics of single-wire electrical systems.
The use of quick-disconnect electrical plugs and sockets.
The American Wire Gage (A.W.G) system of designating electrical wire sizes.
The cause and effect of solenoid switch chatter.
The method of providing direct current for battery charging on aircraft that operate only alternating current generators.
The maximum permissible continuous load on the electrical system.
The sources of alternating current power in aircraft that operate only direct current generators.
The operating principles and characteristics of transformers.
Determine the approximate continuous load on an aircraft electrical system.
D. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS.
Identify and select lubricants.-Level 2:
The desirable characteristics for aircraft engine lubricating oils.
The meaning and importance of oil viscosity.
The meaning and significance of oil flash point.
The purpose of using synthetic lubricants for turbine engines.
The effect of heat on lubricants.
The grade designations for aviation oils.
The designations for synthetic turbine oil.
The results of operating an engine using an incorrect lubricant.
The functions of engine oil in addition to lubricating the engine.
Repair engine lubrication system components.-Level 2:
Clean and repair aluminum alloy external Clean external lubrication system compo- The function and location of an oil temperature regulator.
The size requirement for the oil inlet line.
Clean and test oil tanks.
The purpose and operation of the oil cooler.
The operating principles of lubrication pumps.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine lubrication systems.-Level 3:
Determine source and cause of metallic particles in the lubricating oil.
The purpose and principles of operation of engine oil dilution systems.
The expansion space requirements for engine oil supply tanks.
The purpose for changing engine lubricating oil at specified intervals.
The type of lubrication system generally used in high-volume reciprocating engines.
The factors that affect the oil consumption of a reciprocating engine.
The method normally used to prevent excessive oil from accumulating in the cylinders of inverted engines or the lower cylinders of radial engines.
The method of controlling the oil film on cylinder walls.
The method of lubricating the valveoperating mechanism in an overheadvalve engine.
The venting requirements of dry-sump cation system.
and wet-sump engine lubrication systems.
The effect of broken or leaking lines in various parts of the lubrication system.
The effect of engine wear on the operation of the lubrication system.
The operating indications of a low engine oil supply.
The method of maintaining a reserve supply of oil in the engine oil supply tank for use in propeller feathering.
The requirements for marking oil tank fillers.
The purpose and operating principles of the lubrication system pressure-relief valve.
The purpose and operation of the oil cooler bypass valve.
The effect of congealed oil in the heat exchange portion of an oil radiator.
The purpose, location, and operation of anti-sludge chambers in the lubrication system of a reciprocating engine.
The purpose and operation of the bypass feature built into most engine oil filtering systems.
The operating principles of the stacked disc, edge filtration type of filter.
The characteristics and operating principles of dry-sump and wet-sump engine lubricating systems.
The purpose, location, and operation of the oil separator.
Adjust engine oil pressure.
The purpose of the restricted orifice in the oil pressure gage line.
The effect of obstructed rocker box intercylinder oil drain lines on engine operation.
The characteristics and principles of operation of a radial engine oil scavenging system.
E. IGNITION SYSTEMS.
Overhaul magneto and ignition harness.— Level 2:
The construction characteristics of magneto main case housings.
The characteristics and construction materials of magneto pole shoes or coil core extensions.
The purpose and methods of ventilating aircraft magneto housings.
The materials used in the construction of magneto breaker points.
The purpose and use of "keepers" placed across the poles of a rotating magnet that has been removed from a magneto.
Check the strength of a rotating magnet installed in a magneto.
Internally time a magneto during assembly.
Determine the rotational speed of a magneto when installed on various types of engines.
The purpose and location of condensers in a magneto electrical circuit.
Determine the condition of magneto breaker points by visual indications.
Lubricate a magneto breaker cam.
The effect of cam-follower wear on pivotand pivotless-type breaker-point assemblies.
The meaning of the term 'E-Gap Angle."
The characteristics of the rotating magnets commonly used in aircraft magnetos.
Install and adjust breaker points.
The characteristics of cams used in aircraft magnetos to operate the breaker points.
The purpose of setting ignition cables in a plastic insulating material within some ignition harnesses.
Install high-tension ignition cables in a shielded ignition manifold.
The purpose and operation of impulse couplings used with aircraft magnetos.
The results of operating a magneto with a broken impulse coupling spring.
The methods used to secure ignition leads in harnesses and distributor blocks.
Measure breaker point spring tension.
Repair engine ignition system components.-Level 2:
The purpose and operation of magneto breaker points.
Measure the capacity of a condenser.
Check ignition coil windings for shorts or open circuits.
Locate and use data associated with ignition system components.
The effect of weak magnets on engine operation.
The effect of weak breaker point spring tension on engine operation.
Clean and inspect spark plugs and igniter plugs.
Adjust spark plug electrodes.
The precautions to observe when working with high-energy ignition systems.
Determine that a distributor is internally timed.
The effect of high resistance in an ignition lead on engine operation.
The function and characteristics of ignition harnesses.
Determine the continuity of ignition wiring.
The construction and operation of a transformer coil for low-tension ignition systems.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating and turbine engine ignition systems.-Level 3:
The purpose of shielding aircraft engine ignition systems.
The purpose and principles of staggered ignition timing.
Install and time an ignition system distributor.
Recognize and interpret basic ignition analyzer patterns.
The purpose and operating principles of spark advance systems.
The effect of using condensers of incorrect capacity in an ignition system.
The operating principles of low-tension ignition systems.
The effect a shorted primary winding in a low-tension ignition coil has on engine operation.
Install and test magneto ignition switches.
Test an ignition harness for electrical leakage.
The purpose and principles of compensated ignition timing.
The operating periods of turbine engine ignition systems.
The results of using a spark plug of incorrect heat range in an engine.
Install and remove spark plugs.
The meaning of "reach" as applied to spark plug design.
Inspect spark plugs for damaged insulation.
The cause and effect of various types of spark plug fouling.
The purpose and operation of an ignition booster system.
The purpose and operation of an induction vibrator.
Install and time a magneto equipped with an impulse coupling.
F. FUEL METERING SYSTEMS.
Inspect, check, and service water injection systems.-Level 1:
The purpose and effect of injecting water or water-alcohol during periods of high engine power output.
The means used to prevent the freezing of the water or ADI liquid.
The effect of atmospheric humidity on engine power when using water injection.
The effect of exhausting the water supply during takeoff operations utilizing water injection.
The purpose and effect of the derichment valve in the water-alcohol injection system.
The results of detonation within an engine.
The procedure to follow when detonation occurs.
The factor that determines the amount of water flow during ADI operation.
The method for preventing corrosion of lines and fittings used in ADI systems.
The purpose of the oil-pressure-operated valve in the ADI system.
Overhaul carburetor.-Level 2:
The fuel metering forces of a conventional float-type carburetor and a pressure-type carburetor.
The relationship between carburetor venturi size and engine displacement volume.
The fuel-air mixture requirements of an engine during idling and during high power settings.
The operation of the idling system of a float-type carburetor and a pressure-type carburetor.
The effect of a clogged main air bleed in a float-type carburetor on engine operation.
Check and adjust the float level of a floattype carburetor.
The effect of an incorrectly adjusted float level on engine operation.
The effect of a worn or grooved needle valve and seat assembly in a float-type carburetor on engine operation.
The operating principles of a back-suction-type mixture control.
The operating principles of an automatic mixture control.
The operating principles of economizer systems in float-type carburetors.
The effect of a ruptured diaphragm in a pressure-type carburetor on engine operation.
The basic function of a manual mixture control in an aircraft carburetor.
The location and operating principles of discharge nozzles used with pressure carburetors.
Repair engine fuel metering system components.-Level 2:
The operating principles of piston-type and single- and double-diaphragm acceleration pumps.
The operating principles of direct fuel injection systems.
The purpose and operation of a venturi.
The function of a metering jet.
The purpose of an air bleed in a carburetor.
The purpose of an economizer valve in a carburetor.
Clean carburetor parts.
Repair a leaking float.
The adjustments that may be made on a pressure-injection carburetor.
The effect of clogged impact tubes on engine operation.
The function of the synchronizer bar on fuel injection equipped engines.
The function and operation of the main and idling air bleed systems in a floattype carburetor.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating and turbine engine fuel metering systems.-Level 3:
Adjust idling speed and mixture.
The principles of operation of an automatic fuel control unit used on a turbojet engine.
Trim turbojet engine fuel control system.
The effect of increased altitude on engine fuel-air mixture.
The relative burning rates of various fuelair mixtures.
The fuel-air mixture requirements of a reciprocating engine at various power settings.
The operating characteristics of engines with direct cylinder fuel injection systems.
Install, remove, and adjust direct cylinder fuel injection system components.
The difference between a fuel injection system and a fuel injection carburetor.
The cause of lean mixtures in a conventional carburetor system.
The effect an inoperative vapor vent in a pressure-type carburetor has on engine operation.
The factors that affect the density of the air entering the carburetor.
G. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS.
Repair engine fuel system components.- Level 2:
The types of engine-driven fuel pumps generally used with large reciprocating engines.
The purpose and operation of a fuel pump bypass valve.
The purpose and operation of fuel boost pumps.
Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine fuel systems.-Level 3:
The causes of fuel pressure fluctuation.
The characteristics of centrifugal-type fuel boost pumps.
The fuel system requirements for aircraft certificated in the "standard" classification.
The usual sources of aircraft fuel system contamination.
The purpose and requirements for strainers in fuel tank outlets.
Inspect aircraft fuel tank sumps and fuel strainers.
Adjust engine-driven fuel pump output pressure.
The location and operation of main tuel strainers.
The causes and effects of fuel system vapor lock.
The location and operation of fuel valves.
H. INDUCTION SYSTEMS.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine ice and rain control systems.
-Level 2:
The principles of alcohol injection to control induction system icing.
The effect of ice within the induction system on engine operation.
The operating principles of carburetor air heaters used to prevent or eliminate ice in an engine induction system.
The method used to prevent the entry of rain into the induction system of a reciprocating engine.
The operating principles of electrically heated inlet ducts.
The use of engine bleed air to control engine inlet icing.
The causes of carburetor and induction system icing.
Inspect, check, service, and repair heat exchangers and superchargers.-Level 2:
The effect of using heated air during periods of high engine power output.
The pressures present in various portions of the induction system of supercharged and unsupercharged reciprocating engines.
The principles of operation and control of turbosuperchargers.
The principles of operation and control of integral superchargers.
The purpose and operation of the induction system impeller used in some radial engines.
Inspect, check, service, and repair carburetor air intake and induction manifolds.
Level 3:
The position of the carburetor heat control during engine starting.
The purpose and location of the induction system screen in a reciprocating engine.
The purpose and location of the "hot spot" heater in the induction system of some reciprocating engines.
The installation and operation of a multipoint priming system on a radial engine.
The purpose, location, and servicing requirements for carburetor air filters.
The purpose and operation of ram air intake ducts on reciprocating engines.
I. ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMS.
Repair engine cooling system components.-Level 2:
The attachment of cylinder head baffles.
The material used in the construction of air baffles.
Reprofile cylinder fins.
The effect of valve adjustment on the heat rejection rate of an engine.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine cooling systems.-Level 3:
The operating principles of the cooling system of vertically installed air-cooled helicopter engines.
The effects of excessive heat in an aircraft engine.
The purpose of fins on engine cylinders.
The effect of incorrectly installed baffles on engine operation.
The function and operation of cowl flaps.
The effect of fuel-air ratio on engine cooling.
The purpose and operation of cooling air augmenting systems.
The principles of "pressure baffling" used in cooling aircraft engines.
The precautions necessary during ground operation of aircraft engines.
J. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMS.
Repair engine exhaust system components.-Level 2:
The construction characteristics of exhaust augmenter tubes.
The materials used in exhaust system compouents.
The technique for cleaning ceramic-coated exhaust pipes.
Detect and repair cracks in stainless steel exhaust pipes.
The methods used to compensate for the unequal expansion rate of exhaust system components.
Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine exhaust systems.-Level 3:
Inspect exhaust systems that utilize an exhaust heat exchanger.
The purpose and operating principles of the turbines driven by the exhaust gases of a turbo-compound engine.
The function and location of exhaust augmenters.
The cause and effect of "frozen" ball joints in an exhaust system.
Clean and test exhaust-type heating muffs.
The methods for torquing exhaust system clamps.
The purpose and construction of exhaust gas noise suppressors.
The effect of exhaust gas leakage on system components.
The purpose and operation of engine thrust reversers.
K. PROPELLERS.
Inspect, check, service, and repair propeller synchronizing and ice control systems.-Level 1:
The purpose of slinger rings on some propeller installations.
The method of preventing ice formation on propeller spinners.
The operating principles of electrical deicing systems for propellers.
The purpose of the governor step motor in the synchronizing system.
The purpose of propeller synchronizing systems.
The operating principles of synchronizing systems.
The operating principles of fluid antiicing systems.
Identify and select propeller lubricants.
Level 2:
The principal requirements for propeller lubricants.
The factors to be considered in selecting an oil or grease for a particular application.
Balance propellers.-Level 2:
The effects of propeller unbalance on engine operation.
Detect and correct vertical and horizontal unbalance in a two-blade propeller.
Balance a two-blade propeller that uses a separate hub for mounting on the engine crankshaft.
Repair propeller control system components.-Level 2:
Install oil control plugs in governors.
Use manufacturer's data to repair components.
The purpose and operation of a propeller governor.
The forces acting on a governor to produce speed control.
Determine the direction of rotation for which a propeller governor is set.
Inspect, check, service, and repair fixedpitch, constant-speed, and feathering propellers, and propeller governing systems.- Level 3:
The purpose and function of the parts of a propeller.
41 The aerodynamic forces and loads acting on a rotating propeller blade.
The operating principles of propeller controls used with turbine engines.
The meaning and significance of static limits" as related to the installation of a fixed-pitch propeller.
The purpose of the metal tipping on a wood propeller.
Measure propeller blade angle.
The meaning of propeller blade "back" and "face."
The method of making changes in the speed and power output of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller.
The operation of the distributor valve assembly of a hydromatic propeller.
The normal position of a constant-speed propeller control during takeoff.
The effect on engine operation of changing propeller pitch settings before a steady oil pressure is obtained after engine starting.
The meaning and significance oficritical ranges" established for some engine-propeller combinations.
The operation of a propeller during the feathering cycle.
The operation of a propeller during the reversing cycle.
The purpose of placing a propeller in a specified position prior to stopping the engine.
The relationship between blade position, airspeed, and angle of attack of the propeller blades.
The operating principles of two-position and constant-speed counterweight propellers.
The method of lubricating the pitchchanging mechanism of a hydromatic propeller.
The method of checking a steel propeller hub or blade for cracks.
The general procedure to be followed when using the chemical etching process to inspect aluminum alloy propeller blades.
Determine whether a bent aluminum alloy propeller blade can be repaired by cold straightening.
Clean and protect aluminum propeller blades.
The procedure for treating minor nicks and scratches on aluminum propeller blades.
Determine the blade pitch stop settings on a variable-pitch propeller.
The operating forces used to make blade pitch changes on various types of variablepitch propellers.
The location and purpose of propeller blade cuffs.
Install, troubleshoot, and remove propellers.- Level 3:
Perform an operational check of propeller feathering system.
Detect and correct front and rear cone bottoming of a propeller installed on a splined crankshaft.
42 The purpose and use of snap rings on propeller installations.
The purpose and use of propeller cones in some propeller installations.
Determine the amount of contact between a tapered crankshaft and the propeller hub.
Install and track a fixed-pitch and constant-speed propeller.
Detect and correct looseness in a cableoperated propeller control system.
The most likely indications of a damaged piston-to-dome seal in a hydromatic pro- The most likely cause of oil leakage around the rear cone of a hydromatic propeller.
Perform an operational check of a propeller reversing system.
The constant-speed propeller setting used when checking ignition systems.
Adjust a propeller governor so that the propeller will operate within the correct range.
The purpose and significance of preloading the pitch-changing mechanism in a hydromatic propeller.