AC 91.11-1

Historical

Advisory circular · Guide to Drug Hazards in Aviation Medicine

Approved
July 19, 1963
Last reviewed
August 18, 2020
Family
AC 91.11-1 · 1 version
14 CFR parts
Unknown Part

Guidance, not mandatory unless a rule or AD requires it. DRS record last changed August 18, 2020.

Show pages 73–84
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Page Pago Sumycin (tetracycline).

Supranephrin (epinephrine) Suramin_.

Surfacine (cyclomethycaine)- - Surfak (calcium-bis-dioctyl sulfosuccinate) _ Terpin hydrate, Elixir, see Elixir 49 terpin hydrate with codeine 12 and similar mixtures.

58 Terramycin (oxytetracycline) Tessalon (benzonatate).. 64 32 Testobase (testosterone) - 42 Surital (thiamylal) - - - 57 Testosterone. 42 Suvren (captodiamine)- 71 Testra (methyltestosterone) 42 Suxinyl (succinylcholine).. 55 Testryl (testosterone) 42 Sycotrol (piperilate) .. 71 Tetanus antitoxin_ 36 Synalar (fluocinolone) 39 Tetanus toxoid 36 Synandrol (testosterone) - 42 Tetrabenazine. 71 Synasal (phenylephrine)- 49 Tetrabon (tetracycline) - 3 Synate (aecobarbital) - 66 Tetracaine 58 Syncillin (phenethichllin) - 2 Tetrachlorethylene. 13 Syncort (desoxycorticosterone).. 39 Tetracycline_ 3

- Syncurine (decamethonium). 55 Tetracyn (tetracycline) 3 Syngesterone (progesterone) - 42 Tetraethylammonium 24 Syntetrin (rolitetracycline) - 3 Tetrahydrozoline- 49 Synthetic oleovitamin D 45 Tetrex (tetracycline). 3 Synthroid (levothyroxine, sodi- Theedol (estriol) . 41 um) - 40 Theelin (estrone) 41 Syntocinon (oxytocin) 27 Thelestrin (estrone)-. 41 Syntropan (amprotropine)- 53 Thenalidine. 37 Syrosingopine. 24 Thenfadil (thenyldiamine). 37 Syrup of ipecac. 31 Thenyldiamine. 37 Syatiral (chlorphenoxamine) - 37 Theoglycinate (theophylline s0- dium glycinate) . 26 T Theophylline - 21 Theophylline methyl glucamine 26 Tacaryl (methdilazine) 37, 70 Theophylline sodium glycinate 26 Tace (chlorotrianisene) 41 Thephorin (phenindiamine)- 37 Tagathen (chlorothen) - 37 Thiamine_. 40 Talbutal - 66 Thiamylal 57 Tandearil (oxyphenbutazone)- 60 Thiazolsulfone. 4 TAO (triacetyloleandomycin) 3 Thiethylperazine 70 Tapazole (methimazole) -. 40 Thioban (thiocarbanidin) .. 5 Taractan (chlorprothixine) - 70 Thiocarbanidin. 5 Tartar emetic, see Antimony Thiomerin (mercaptomerin) .. 21 potassium tartrate. Thiomersol. 18 Tebamin (phenyl-p-aminosali- Thiopental_. 57 cylate) - Thioperazine. 70 Tefron (polyferose) -. Thiopropazate. 70 Telepaque (iopanoic acid) _. 35 Thioridazine_ 70 TEM (triethylenemelamine). 15 Thiosulfil (sulfamethizole)-- 1 Temaril (trimeprazine)-. 70 Thiotepa_ 15 Tempra (acetaminophen)- 60 Thiouracil. 40 Tensilon (edrophonium)- 55 Thiourea.-- 40 Tentone (methoxypromazine)- 70 Thonzylamine. 37 Tepanil (diethylpropion) - - 48 Thorazine (chlorpromazine)-. 70 Teridax (iophenoxic acid) -. 35 Thrombolysin (fibrinolysin)- 29 Tergitol (sodium tetradecyl sul- Thylogen (pyrilamine maleate)_. 37 fate)_ 19 | Thyloquinone (menadione) - 30 95

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Page Page Thymol 18, 18 Trimethobenzamide 70 Thyroid 40 Trimeton (phenirmaine) 37 Thyrotropic acid - 23 Trinesium (magnesium tribili- Thyroxin.. 40 cate) . 31 Tibione (amithiozone) - 5 Triopron (thyrotropic soid).. 23 Tigan (trimethobenzamide). 70 Triparanol. 23 Tincture of opium, see Opium. Tripellenamine- 37 Tindal (acetophenazine). 70 Triprolidine. 37 Toclase (carbetapentane). 64 Trisomin (magneslum trisilicate). 81 Tofranil (imipramine). 75 Trolnitrate_ 26 Tolansin (mephenesin) - 55 Tromexan (ethylbiacoumacetate) 29 Tolazoline. 51 Tronothane (pramoxine) - 58 Tolbutamide_ 48 Tropicamide.

Toleron (ferrous fumarate) - 28 Trypareamide_ 10 Tolonium 29 Trypsin- 20 Toloxychlorinol.. 65 Tryptar (trypsin) - 20 Toloxyn (mephensin) _. 55 Tryptest (trypsin). 29 Tolseram (mephenesin car- Tuamine (tuaminoheptane) - 49 bamate). 55 Tuaminobeptane 40 Tolserol (mephenesin). 55 Tubadil (tubocurarine). 55 Tolysin (neocincophen) - 61 Tubarine (tubocurarine) 55 Torecan (thiethylperazine) - 70 Tuberoulosis vaccine. 36 Toryn (caramiphen) .. 54 Tubocurarine 55 Tral (hexocyclium). 53 Tylenol (acetaminophen) 60 Trancopal (chlormezanone) - 56 Tylosin _ Tranyloypromine__ 74 Typhoid and paratyphoid vac- Trasentine (adiphenine). 53 cine_ 36 Travamin (protein hydrolysate). 47 Typhua vaccine. 36 Trecator (ethionamide) - 5 Tyrosinone (ethlaterone) - Trepidone (mephenoxBlone) 72 Tyrothricin 6 Triacetin_ 18 Tyvid (isoniazid).

Triacetyloleandomy cin. 3 Tyzine (tetrahydrozoline) 49 Triamcinolone. 39 Triaeyn B. 46 U Tribromethanol. 57 Triburon (triclobisonium) 19 Ulacort (prednisolone) 39 Trichlormethiazide 22 Ultran (phenaglycodol) 71 Triclobisonium_. Trichloroethylene- 57 19 Unsaturated fatty acids. Ultrandren (fluoxymesterone). 42 23 Tricyclamol_ 53 Uracil mustard. 15 Tridihexethyl... 53 Urea_-- 21 Triethylenemelamine Tridione (trimethadione).. 68 15 Urecholine (bethanechol) - Urethane_. 52 16 Trifluoperazine. 70 Urokon (acetotrizoate) - 35 Triflupromazine 70 Trifluroethylvinyl ether. 57 V Trihexlphenidyl.. 54 Trilafon (perphenazine) -. 70 Valethamate 53 Trilene (trichloroethylene). Trimethadione. Trimeprazine- Trimax (magnesium trisilicate) - 68 57 81 70 Valpin (octatropine) .. Valnoctamide. Valmid (ethinamate).- Vallestril (methallenestril).. Vancomycin_ 41 65 71 53 3 Trimethaphan 24 Vancosin (vancomycin) - 3 96

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12. ALIMENTARY AGENTS-Continued Page Emetics 31 Choleretics. 31 Cathartics: Lubricants, softeners and bulky substances. 32 Cathartics: Saline, vegetable and other 32 Agents to control diarrhea. 38

13. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS.. 34 Plasma and blood volume agents. 34 Gastric acidity agents 34 Kidney and liver function agents. 34 Radio opaque media.. 35 Other diagnostic agents 35

14. AGENTS FOR IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY. 36 Toxins and toxoids. 36 Vaccines 36 Immune sera. 36 Allergenic and diagnostic preparations. 37 Antihista mines 37 Antimotion sickness agente 38

15. HORMONES 39 Adrenal mineral corticoida. 39 Adrenal glucosteroids. 39 Adrenal cortical hormone antagonista 40 Corticotropin. 40 Thyroid preparations 40 Antithyroid substances 40 Iodides _ 41 Estrogena 41 Progestins_ 41 Nonsteroid luteal factors. 42 Androgens- 42 Gonadotropins 42 Insulins 43 Insulin substitutes. 43 Parathyroid. - 43

16. BLOOD, FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES. 44 Blood and blood products. 44 Plasma subatitutes - 44 Inorganic salta. 44

17. VITAMINS. 45 Vitamin A 45 Vitamin B members and related substances 45 Vitamin C 45 Vitamin D and related ateroida.. 45 Vitamin E 48 Polyvitamin preparations - 46

18. AGENTS IN NUTRITION. 47 Nutritional supplements, carbohydrate- 47 Nutritional supplements, protein and amine acid 47 Nutritional supplemente, fat. 47 Agents in obesity - 48

19. SYMPATHETIC STIMULANTS 49 Vasoconatrictors- 49 Central stimulants. 49 Smooth muscle relaxants 50

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20. SYMPATHETIC DEPRESSANTS 51 Vasodilators and hypotensives- 51

21. PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULANTS. 52 Parasympathetic stimulants, direct-. 52 Parasympathetic stimulants, anticholinesterase. 52

22. PARASYMPATHETIC DEPRESSANTS. 53 Antispasmodice 53 Cycloplegice and mydriatics. 54 Central depressanta and antiparkinson agenta. 54

23. MYONEURAL AGENTS. 55 Muscle relaxants, curare type-. 65 Muscle atimulanta. 65 Muscle relaxants, mephenesin type_.. 55 Muscle relaxanta, others. 56

24. ANESTHETICS AND THERAPEUTIC GASES. 57 Inhalation anesthetica. 57 Nonvolatile anesthetics 57 Therapeutic gases. 57 Local anesthetics, injection or topical. 58 Local anesthetics, topical only-.

25. NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS Salicylates- 60 Aniline derivatives.. 60 Pyrazolon derivatives_ 60 Colchicine group- 61 Others. 61

26. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS. 62 Opium derivatives- 62 Morphine derivatives and antagonista_ 62 Codeine derivatives 62 Methadone group 63 Meperidine group- 83

27. ANTITUSSIVES. Phenampromide derivatives. 80680088 Expectorante Nonnarcotic suppressives

28. SEDATIVES AND HYPNOTICS.

Halogenated hydrocarbons Bromides_ Paraldehyde.

Ureides, carbamates, higher alcohola65

Barbiturates, short and intermediate acting- 66 Barbiturates, long soting- 66 Glutethimide group 66 Antihistamine eedatives 87

29. ANTICONVULSANTS 68 Barbiturate group-- 68 Hydantoina. 68 Oxazolidones Other anticonvulsants-

30. TRANQUILIZERS..

Phenothiazine group-.

Antiemetics

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8. TROPICAL AGENTS

INSECTICIDES benzyl benzoate chlorophenothane (DDT) crotamiton (Eurax) lindane (benzene hexachloride; hexachlorocyclohexane) Undesirable effects in aviation: Local irritation; DDT and lindane may produce irritability, numbness and tingling, tremors, and later, convulsions and death in excessive dosage.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated after customary topical application and dosage. Medical examination indicated before return to duty.

INSECT REPELLANTS butapyronoxyl (Indalone) dimethylphthalate dimethyltolumide (m-Delphene) ethohexadiol (Rutgers 612) Undesirable effects in aviation: Local irritation; little chance of systemic effects.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contrindicated after customary application. Medical examination indicated before return to duty.

ANTISEPTICS: PHENOLS, METALS, HALOGENS, OXI-

DIZING AGENTS, ALCOHOLS, DYES acriflavine ammoniated mercury bismuth tribromphenate (Xeroform) boric acid cresol ethy. alcohol hexachlorophene (Gamophen; pHisohex) hydrogen peroxide iodine, tincture iodochlorhydroxyquin (Enterokin; Enteroquinol; Quinambicide) iodoform 17

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isopropyl alcohol menthol merbromin (Mercurochrome) mercuric chloride methylrosaniline (gentian violet) nitromersol (Metaphen) oil of cloves oil of eucalyptus phenol potassium permanganate proflavine resorcinol scarlet red silver nitrate silver picrate (Picragol) sodium hypochlorite sodium perborate strong and mild silver protein (Argyn; Argyrol; Lunargen;

Protargin; Protargol; Silvol) thiomersol (Merthiolate) thymol yellow mercuric oxide zinc oxide Undeglrable effects in aviation: Relatively nontoxic. Some may be irritating (tincture of iodine) ; some sensitizing (ammoniated mercury); some capable of producing systemic toxicity if applied excessively or on abraded skin (phenol).

Use in aulation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated after topical use in conventional dosage.

FUNGICIDES benzoic acid caprylic compound (Naprylate) caprylic salts salicylanilide salicylic acid triacetin (Enzactin) Undesirable effects in aviation: Relatively nontoxic.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not restricted after topical use in conventional dosage.

SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS benzalkonium (Zephiran) benzethonium (Phemerol) 18

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34 the agents themselves.

Use in aulation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated by Undesirable effects in aviation: Adverse effects unlikely.

sulfbromphthalein (Bromthalein) sodium thiosulfate sodium indigotindisulfonate sodium p-amminohippurate phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red) mannitol inulin galactose benzoic acid

KIDNEY AND LIVER FUNCTION AGENTS hours after use.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 12 tion from histamine.

Undesirable effects in aviation: Transistory flushing and palpitaquinine carbacrylic resin (Diagnex) histamine betazole (Histalog) azuresin (Diagnex blue)

GASTRIC ACIDITY AGENTS tic reasons would ordinarily preclude it for at least 24 hours.

from the use of these drugs themselves, but medical or diagnos- Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated effects.

Undesirable effects in aviation: Unlikely to produce adverse sodium radiochromate radio-iodinated serum albumin radioactive chromic chloride Evans blue

PLASMA AND BLOOD VOLUME AGENTS

13. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

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17. VITAMINS

VITAMIN A carotene in oil cod liver oil halibut liver oil oleovitamin A percomorph liver oil vitamin A Undesirable effects in aviation: Unlikely in adults.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated by treatment with usual dosage.

VITAMIN B MEMBERS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES choline dried yeast methylol riboflavin (Hyflavin) niacin (nicotinic acid) niacinamide (nicotinic acid amide) pantothenic acid pyridoxine riboflavin thiamine Undesirable effects in aviation: Nil except for immediate flushing from niacin.

Use in ablation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated except for 4 hours after the use of doses of niacin which produce any side effects.

VITAMIN C ascorbic acid Undesirable effects in aviation: Unknown.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated during use.

VITAMIN D AND RELATED STEROIDS calciferol dihydrotachysterol (Hytakerol; formerly hydrocalciferol) fish liver oils synthetic oleovitamin D 45

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Undesirable effects in aviation: Excessive dosage may produce hypercalcemia with anorexia and loss of weight.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated by antirachitic dosage. Doses over 50,000 i.u. (vitamin D), or 1 ml. dihydrotachysterol daily contraindicate work during the first 2 months of therapy; work thereafter may be permitted in some positions when the blood calcium is adequately stabilized and no symptoms are present.

VITAMIN E alpha tocopherol Undesirable effects in aviation: Unknown.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated by use.

POLYVITAMIN PREPARATIONS dried yeast hexavitamin triasyn B wheat germ Undesirable effects in aviation: Unlikely.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties not contraindicated by use.

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24. ANESTHETICS AND THERAPEUTIC GASES

INHALATION ANESTHETICS chloroform cyclopropane ether ethyl chloride ethylene halothane (Fluothane) methoxyflurane (Penthrane) nitrous oxide trichloroethylene (Trilene) trifluoroethylvinyl ether (Fluormar) vinyl ether (Vinethane) Undesirable effects in aviation: Nausea and vomiting during recovery; arrhythmias, liver damage (chloroform).

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 72 hours after use (24 hours after nitrous oxide if examination shows no sequellae).

NONVOLATILE ANESTHETICS herobarbital (Evipal; Evipan; Sombulex) hydroxydione (Viadril) magnesium salts methitural (Neraval) methohexital (Brevital) phencyclidine (Sernyl) thiamylal (Surital) thiopental (Pentothal) tribromethanol (Avertin) Undesirable effects in aviation: Recurrent sleepiness after partial recovery.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 48 hours after use.

THERAPEUTIC GASES carbon dioxide helium oxygen 57

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Undesirable effects in aviation: Local irritation and fatigue remaining after use.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 48 hours after therapeutic use. However, it is to be noted that oxygen, properly used, is of advantage to normal airmen in high-altitude flying.

LOCAL ANESTHETICS, INJECTION OR TOPICAL benoxinate (Dorsacaine) butacaine (Butyn) butethamine (Monocaine) chlorprocaine (Nesacaine) cocaine cyclomethycaine (Surfacaine) dibucaine (Nupercaine) hexylcaine (Cyclaine) lidocaine (Xylocaine) mepivacaine (Carbocaine) naepaine (Amylsine) piperocaine (Metycaine) procaine (Lactocaine; Neocaine; Novocaine; Scurocaine) proparacaine (Ophthaine) propoxycaine (Ravocaine) tetracaine (Pontocaine) Undesirable effects in aviation: Local discomfort during recovery. Excitement and possible convulsions from overdosage.

Use in avlation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 12 hours after use.

LOCAL ANESTHETICS, TOPICAL ONLY amydricaine (Alypin) benzyl alcohol butylaminobenzoate (Butesin) dimethisoquin (Quotane) diperodon (Diothane) dycyclonine (Dyclone) ethylaminobenzoate (Benzocaine) ethyl chloride eugenol larocaine orthoform (Orthocaine) phenacaine (Holocaine) pramoxine (Tronothane) 58

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Undesirable effects in aviation: Moderate depression from large therapeutic doses.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 12 hours after use.

METHADONE GROUP dextromoramide (Dimorlin; Palfium) dextropropoxyphene (Darvon) methadone (Amidone; Dolophine) Undesirable effects in aviation: Nausea, depression, slowed respiration.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated, for 24 hours after use. In most instances the medical condition would preclude duty for an additional period.

MEPERIDINE GROUP alphaprodine (Nisentil) anileridine (Leritine) diphenoxylate (Lomotil) ethoheptazine (Zactane) meperidine (Demerol; Pethidine) prodilidine Undesirable effecta in aviation: Nausea, depression, slowed respiration.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 24 hours after use.

PHENAMPROMIDE DERIVATIVES diampromide phenampromide Undesirable effects in aviation: Sedation.

Use in aviation personnel: Airman duties contraindicated for 12 hours after use.