20220222000939I

INVESTIGATION: I WAS NOTIFIED BY FAA ROC THAT ON FEBRUARY 22, 2022, AT 16:34L EST (21:34Z), ON AN IFR FLIGHT WHICH DEPARTED NEWARK INTERNATIONL AIRPORT (KEWR) EN ROUTE TO DULLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KIAD), AIRMAN ^PRIVACY DATA OMITTED^ COMMERCIAL PILOT CERTIFICATE NUMBER^PRIVACY DATA OMITTED^, WAS OPERATING FLIGHT NUMBER ^PRIVACY DATA OMITTED^ (N732YA) WHEN HE FAILED TO COMPLY WITH 14 CFR 91.167. HE THEREBY EXPERIENCED A LOSS OF ENGINE POWER AND WAS FORCED TO LAND THE AIRPLANE SHORT OF HIS DESTINATION OFF AIRPORT.

PILOT BEGAN DUTY DAY AT 0930Z AT BKL. PILOT WAS PROPERLY CERTIFICATED AND CURRENT WITH CURRENT MEDICAL. AIRCRAFT WAS PROPERLY REGISTERED AND MAINTAINED. ALL LEGS WERE CONDUCTED IFR AND COORDINATED WITH COMPANY DISPATCH. PILOT CHECKED FUEL LOAD DURING PREFLIGHT. ALL SUBSEQUENT PLANNING AND REFUELING WAS BASED ON THIS NUMBER AND CALCULATED FUEL BURN.

FIRST LEG WAS PART 91 REPO TO BOS. FUEL TANK WAS SWITCHED EVERY 30 MINUTES AND RECORDED IN WRITING.

SECOND LEG WAS PART 135 ORGAN TRANSPORT BOS TO EWR. LINE PERSONNEL REFUELED AIRPLANE AT EWR AS DIRECTED BY PILOT. PILOT VERIFIED FUEL LOAD FROM FUEL BURN CALCULATIONS AND REFUEL BILLING BUT DID NOT PHYSICALLY OBSERVE FUEL LEVEL IN TANK OR REFUELING. PILOT'S CALCULATIONS INDICATED APPROXIMATELY 24 GAL FUEL ON BOARD AT EWR PRIOR TO ADDING APPROX 10 GAL PER TANK. HE STATED THAT HE BELIEVED THAT HE HAD 54.0 GAL AVAILABLE AT TAKEOFF FOR THE PART 91 REPO FLIGHT TO IAD. (THIS APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN A CALCULATION ERROR). PILOT CONTINUED TO SWITCH TANKS EVERY 30 MINUTES AND RECORD CALCULATED FUEL BURN AND TOTAL.

WHILE ON ILS RWY 19R AT IAD, PILOT BEGAN INITIAL CONFIGURATION FOR LANDING. SHORTLY THEREAFTER ENGINE RAN ROUGH AND QUIT. PILOT PERFORMED EMERGENCY MEMORY ITEMS FOR LOSS OF ENGINE POWER BUT DID NOT SWITCH FUEL TANK FROM RIGHT TO LEFT TANK. PILOT DECLARED EMERGENCY TO IAD TOWER, SQUAWKED 7700 AND ATTEMPTED RESTART BUT WAS UNSUCCESSFUL. PILOT FOUND AVAILABLE FORCED LANDING AREA AMONG CONGESTED AREA WITH NUMBEROUS HOUSES AND BUILDINGS AND HIGH POWER LINES, AND LANDED AIRPLANE AT APPROXIMATELY 2134Z WITHOUT POWER.

OFF AIRPORT LANDING RESULTED IN DAMAGE ONLY TO THE WINDMILLING PROP. THE PILOT DID NOT SUSTAIN INJURIES. PILOT EVACUATED AIRCRAFT WITHOUT INJURY. IAD TWR ACTIVATED EMERGENCY RESPONSE INCL NOTIFYING POLICE AND FAA ROC.

ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA): SEE ITEM 43 BELOW. SUSPECT PILOT MISCALCULATED FUEL BURN AND FUEL ON BOARD AND THAT THERE WAS SOME LEVEL OF FUEL IMBALLANCE BETWEEN TANKS POSSIBLY DUE TO SWITCHING SEQUENCE. RESULT WAS INADEQUATE FUEL QUANTITY FOR EWR TO IAD LEG, PARTICULARLY IN RIGHT TANK, THAT CAUSED LOSS OF ENGINE POWER WITH FUEL SELECTOR ON RIGHT TANK.

DURING THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PILOT DID NOT SWITCH FUEL SELECTOR TO THE LEFT TANK THAT SUBSEQUENTLY WAS SHOWN TO HAVE HAD AT LEAST SOME FUEL, ESTIMATED TO BE 1/4 TANK. WHETHER THIS WAS A SATISFACTORY AMOUNT TO RESULT IN A SUCCESSFUL RESTART AT SUFFICIENT ALTITUDE TO ALLOW A NORMAL LANDING IS SPECULATIVE.

CORRECTIVE ACTION: AIR CARRIER ALSO CONDUCTED RCA, INCLUDING EVALUATION OF FUEL MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES AND PILOT'S FUEL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES AND CALCULATIONS. AIR CARRIER CONDUCTED REMEDIAL FUEL MANAGEMENT PILOT TRAINING.

RECOMMENDATIONS: I AM SATISFIED THAT THIS WAS AN INADVERTENT AND UNINTENTIONAL ERROR AND THAT THE PILOT INTENDED TO OPERATE IN COMPLIANCE WITH 14 CFR. I BELIEVE THAT AIR CARRIER TRAINING IS APPROPRIATE TO ENSURE CONTINUED COMPLIANCE. RECOMMEND NO FURTHER ACTION.