CEN11LA386

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172S · Grand Forks, ND · June 13, 2011

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
June 13, 2011, 12:10 local (17:10 UTC)
Place
Grand Forks, ND
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N539NDCessna 172S
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report February 23, 2012
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
University of North Dakota, Federal Aviation Administration - Fargo FSDO
FAA report
20110613011629A
Case key
80755

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The flight instructor’s delayed remedial action to the student pilot’s bounced landing and subsequent loss of aircraft control.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: landing flareAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operationCessna 172S: 99 casesAll aircraft: 1,285 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilotCessna 172S: 206 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 cases
Action: delayed actionPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotCessna 172S: 30 casesAll aircraft: 894 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parametersAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 172S: 21 casesAll aircraft: 1,269 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The flight instructor reported that his student was practicing landings, and the airplane touched down right of the runway centerline and began to bounce as the student attempted to realign with the centerline. The flight instructor indicated that a wind gust was likely responsible for the initial bounce, but the airplane continued to bounce with an escalating intensity. He noted that on the third or fourth bounce he assumed control of the airplane in order to abort the landing. He reported that before he could establish a climb the airplane experienced an additional hard landing. He regained control and landed the airplane without further incident. The operator reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation of the airplane.

Factual narrative

On June 13, 2011, at 1210 central daylight time, a Cessna model 172S airplane, N539ND, was substantially damaged during a hard landing at Grand Forks International Airport (KGFK), Grand Forks, North Dakota. The flight instructor and student were not injured. The airplane was registered to and operated by the University of North Dakota, under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which was operated without a flight plan. The local instructional flight originated from KGFK at 1110. The flight instructor reported that his student was practicing landings to runway 17R when the accident occurred. The student, who was obtaining instruction toward a flight instructor certificate, was flying from the right seat. The flight instructor reported that the airplane touched down right of the runway centerline and began to bounce as the student attempted to realign the airplane with the centerline. He stated that a wind gust was likely responsible for the initial bounce, but the airplane continued to bounce with an escalating intensity. He noted that on the third or fourth bounce he assumed control of the airplane in order to abort the landing. He reported that before he could establish a climb the airplane experienced an additional hard landing. He regained control and landed the airplane without further incident. A postaccident inspection of the airplane revealed substantial buckling to the firewall. The nose landing gear was displaced 20-30 degrees forward. The operator reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation of the airplane. At 1153, the airport's automated surface observing system reported the following weather conditions: wind 160 degrees at 22 knots, gusting 27 knots; visibility 10 miles; scattered clouds at 2,300 feet above ground level (agl), broken ceilings 11,000 and 25,000 feet agl; temperature 21 degrees Celsius; dew point 14 degrees Celsius; altimeter setting 29.87 inches of mercury. A peak wind velocity measuring 29 knots from 180 degrees was recorded at 1203.

Aircraft

Registration
N539ND
Reported as
Cessna 172S
Category
Airplane
Serial number
172S10850
Airframe hours
2,294
Engine
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
University of North Dakota
Registered owner
UND Aerospace Foundation
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
AAIP · May 27, 2011
Departed
KGFK · Grand Forks, ND
Destination
KGFK · Grand Forks, ND
Airport
KGFK · Grand Forks International, runway 17R, 7,349 × 150 ft, asphalt

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Flight instructor
Age
25
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
October 28, 2010
Seat
Left
Flight hours
1,401 total · 718 in this make and model · 1,126 as pilot in command · 138 in the last 90 days · 45 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours
Role
Student pilot
Age
23
Injuries
None
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 2, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
June 2, 2011
Seat
Right
Flight hours
242 total · 0 in this make and model · 23 as pilot in command · 18 in the last 90 days · 0 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
160° at 22 knots, gusting 27
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
11,000 ft broken
Temperature
70 °F, dew point 57 °F
Altimeter
29.87 inHg
Observed at
KGFK

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 22, 2011, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 469 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.