CEN15CA055

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA 28-181 · Strasburg, CO · November 21, 2014

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
November 20, 2014, 20:40 local (Nov 21, 2014, 03:40 UTC)
Place
Strasburg, CO
Injuries
1 minor, 1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N2204QPiper PA 28-181
Defining event
Enroute-cruise: Fuel exhaustion
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night
Status
Completed · report September 11, 2015
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
FAA-Denver FSDO
FAA report
20141120020669A
Case key
90417

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The exhaustion of the fuel supply resulting in a complete loss of engine power.

Findings · 2

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid managementPiper PA-28-181: 20 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause
Fluids: fuelAircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid levelPiper PA-28-181: 20 casesAll aircraft: 1,695 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that the airplane was operated on a visual flight rules night flight. He estimated that the airplane had about 30 to 32 gallons of fuel prior to departure from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport (BJC), Denver, Colorado, about 1825 mst. During the flight, intermittent electrical issues were experienced including static in the headsets, flickering instrument panel lights and a fluctuating ammeter gauge. Attempts were made to alleviate the electrical issues to no avail. A touch and go landing was made at the Kit Carson Airport (ITR), Burlington, Colorado, and a decision was made to shorten the flight and return to the departure airport. The pilot reported that the fuel gauges indicated that the airplane had about 8 gallons remaining in each fuel tank about his time. After 20 minutes had elapsed from the departure from ITR, the fuel gauges showed empty. About 2035 mst, the engine stopped producing power and the pilot switched to the opposite fuel tank. The engine restarted and the flight continued for about 4 to 5 more minutes when the engine again stopped producing power. During the forced landing attempt the airplane struck wires and subsequently impacted the ground. The pilot and the flight instructor stated that the airplane's fuel load prior to departure should have been sufficient for a flight of about 3 hours. The total duration of the accident flight was about 2.25 hours. Examination of the airplane subsequent to the accident revealed no fuel remaining in either wing tank. There was no evidence of a fuel spill and no preimpact anomalies were found with respect to the airplane's fuel system. The pilot reported that the accident could have been prevented by ordering more fuel prior to departure or obtaining fuel at ITR. Based on the available information, it is likely that the airplane's fuel supply was exhausted resulting in a complete loss of engine power. It is also possible that the observed fuel gauge reading were innacurate given the electrical problems encountered during the flight.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that the airplane was operated on a visual flight rules night flight. He estimated that the airplane had about 30 to 32 gallons of fuel prior to departure from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport (BJC), Denver, Colorado, about 1825 mst . During the flight, intermittent electrical issues were experienced including static in the headsets, flickering instrument panel lights and a fluctuating ammeter gauge. Attempts were made to alleviate the electrical issues to no avail. A touch and go landing was made at the Kit Carson Airport (ITR), Burlington, Colorado, and a decision was made to shorten the flight and return to the departure airport. The pilot reported that the fuel gauges indicated that the airplane had about 8 gallons remaining in each fuel tank about his time. After 20 minutes had elapsed from the departure from ITR, the fuel gauges showed empty. About 2035 mst, the engine stopped producing power and the pilot switched to the opposite fuel tank. The engine restarted and the flight continued for about 4 to 5 more minutes when the engine again stopped producing power. During the forced landing attempt the airplane struck wires and subsequently impacted the ground. The pilot and the flight instructor stated that the airplane's fuel load prior to departure should have been sufficient for a flight of about 3 hours. The total duration of the accident flight was about 2.25 hours. Examination of the airplane subsequent to the accident revealed no fuel remaining in either wing tank. There was no evidence of a fuel spill and no preimpact anomalies were found with respect to the airplane's fuel system. The pilot reported that the accident could have been prevented by ordering more fuel prior to departure or obtaining fuel at ITR. The airplane was equipped with electrically powered fuel level gauges and electrical fuel level sending units. Federal Aviation Administration regulations for visual flights during night conditions require carriage of sufficient fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing and an additional 45 minutes. Based on the available information, it is likely that the airplane's fuel supply was exhausted resulting in a complete loss of engine power. It is also possible that the observed fuel gauge readings during the flight were innacurate given the electrical problems encountered during the flight.

Aircraft

Registration
N2204Q
Reported as
Piper PA 28-181 (181)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
28-7790381
Built
1977
Airframe hours
7,464
Engine
Lycoming O-360, 180 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
G & M Aircraft Inc
Registered owner
G & M Aircraft Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · July 23, 2014
Departed
ITR · Burlington, CO
Destination
BJC · Denver, CO
Equipment
Stall warning system

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
59
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
August 11, 2014
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
929 total · 430 in this make and model · 852 as pilot in command · 11 in the last 90 days · 4 in the last 30 days · 2 in the last 24 hours
Role
Flight instructor
Age
56
Injuries
None
Certificates
Flight instructor, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
January 7, 2014
Seat
Right
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
2,953 total · 599 in this make and model · 2,831 as pilot in command · 66 in the last 90 days · 22 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night
Wind
210° at 6 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
34 °F, dew point 27 °F
Altimeter
29.96 inHg
Observed at
FTG

Docket · 1

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 21, 2015, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.4 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.