CEN20CA089

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA28 · Sparta, MI · February 16, 2020

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
February 16, 2020, 12:50 local (17:50 UTC)
Place
Sparta, MI
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N6520WPiper PA28
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Loss of control on ground
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report August 27, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Central Region
Parties
Federal Aviation Administration, Grand Rapids FSDO
FAA report
20200216000779A
Case key
100956

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control while landing on the snow/slush-covered portion of the runway and the flight instructor's improper decision to allow the student to make his first solo flight from a snow/slush-covered runway.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilotPiper PA-28-140: 103 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
Info processing/decision: decision making/judgmentPersonnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilotPiper PA-28-140: 43 casesAll aircraft: 3,098 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: directional controlAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedPiper PA-28-140: 40 casesAll aircraft: 3,958 casesProbable cause
Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: snow/slush/ice covered surfaceEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operationPiper PA-28-140: 2 casesAll aircraft: 219 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The student pilot reported that, before the accident flight, he and his flight instructor had conducted three uneventful landings on the snow-covered runway before the instructor exited the airplane to allow him to make his first solo flight. During the first solo landing, the airplane slid "a bit," and the airplane came to a stop about 90° from the desired runway heading. The student taxied the airplane back to the ramp where he and the instructor discussed the landing, and both agreed that the student could continue with his second solo flight. During the second solo landing, the airplane slid left upon touchdown, and the student applied right rudder but was unable to regain directional control. Subsequently, the airplane slid into a snowbank beside the runway. The outboard 3 ft of the left wing sustained substantial damage. The student reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed no evidence of a mechanical malfunction with the flight controls, nosewheel steering, or wheel brakes. Most of the runway was covered with between about 1 and 2 inches of snow/slush at the time of the accident. It is likely that the student landed the airplane on a snow/slush-covered portion of the runway, which resulted in the loss of directional control.

Factual narrative

The student pilot reported that before the accident flight he and his flight instructor had made 3 uneventful landings on the snow-covered runway before his flight instructor exited the airplane to allow him to make his first solo flight. The student pilot stated that his first solo landing resulted in "a bit of sliding" and that the airplane had come to a stop about 90° to the desired runway heading. The student pilot taxied the airplane back to the ramp where he and his instructor discussed the landing, and both agreed to continue with the solo flight. The student pilot reported that during his second solo landing the airplane slid to the left upon touchdown, and that he was unable to regain directional control with right rudder before the airplane slid into a snowbank beside the runway. The outboard 3 ft of the left wing was substantially damaged when it impacted the ground. The student pilot stated that there were no mechanical malfunctions with the airplane during the flight. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed no evidence of a mechanical malfunction with the flight controls, nosewheel steering, or wheel brakes. Most of the runway was covered with 1-2 inches of snow/slush at the time of the accident. It is likely that the student pilot landed the airplane on a snow/slush covered portion of the runway when he lost directional control.

Aircraft

Registration
N6520W
Reported as
Piper PA28 (140)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
28-20599
Built
1965
Airframe hours
5,155.05
Engine
Lycoming O-320, 160 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
P T Arts LLC
Registered owner
P T Arts LLC
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · February 6, 2020
Departed
8D4 · Sparta, MI
Destination
8D4 · Sparta, MI
Airport
8D4 · Sparta Airport, runway 25, 4,032 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Stall warning system, ADS-B, Angle of attack indicator

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
27
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 2, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
February 16, 2020
Seat
Left
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
15.5 total · 13.3 in this make and model · 0 as pilot in command · 8.3 in the last 90 days · 2 in the last 30 days · 1.2 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
250° at 13 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
6,000 ft broken
Temperature
36 °F, dew point 23 °F
Altimeter
30.07 inHg
Observed at
GRR, 16 nm away

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 9, 2020, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.2 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.