DCA17LA122

NTSB accident investigation · Boeing 757 · Raleigh, NC · May 21, 2017

Accident · No injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
May 20, 2017, 21:18 local (May 21, 2017, 01:18 UTC)
Place
Raleigh, NC
Injuries
186 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N633DLBoeing 757
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Tailstrike
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Night
Status
Completed · report September 22, 2020
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Major Investigations Division
Case key
95216

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

the first officer's failure to attain a proper landing flare, which resulted in a tail strike.

Findings · 1

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Action: incorrect action sequencePersonnel issues › Action/decision · CopilotBoeing 757-232: 1 caseAll aircraft: 77 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The crew of the Part 121 scheduled passenger flight reported that the landing approach at the destination was stable. The first officer, who was the pilot flying, stated that the airplane was slightly high and fast when he began the landing flare and he pushed the nose down to correct. He then determined that he had overcorrected and began to recover by pulling the control column aft when the airplane landed firmly on the main landing gear and the aft fuselage impacted the runway. Postflight inspection revealed an area of abrasion damage to the aft fuselage and the underlying stringers and frames and damage to the aft pressure bulkhead.

Factual narrative

On May 20, 2017, about 2118 eastern daylight time (EDT), a Boeing 757-232, N633DL, operated by Delta Air Lines as flight 2534, was substantially damaged during a hard landing at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU), Morrisville, North Carolina. There were no injuries to the 6 flight crew members or 180 passengers on board. The flight was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 scheduled domestic passenger flight, which originated from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL), Atlanta, Georgia. The flight crew reported that the airplane was cleared for the visual approach to runway 5L at RDU and that the approach was "stable" as they descended through 1,000 ft. The first officer, who was the pilot flying, recalled that the airplane was slightly high and fast when he began the landing flare and he pushed the nose down to correct. He then determined that he had overcorrected and began to pull the control column aft. The airplane subsequently landed firmly on the main landing gear and the aft fuselage impacted the runway. The captain stated that the arrival and approach were normal. He added that, upon crossing the runway threshold, it appeared that the first officer flared a bit high but that he corrected by lowering the nose toward the runway. The captain stated that had the first officer continued descent to the runway, they would have made an "acceptable" landing, but he abruptly pulled back on the yoke just before touchdown, and the airplane almost simultaneously contacted the runway on its main landing gear and tail. Postflight inspection revealed an area of abrasion damage to the aft fuselage about 8 ft long by 2 ft wide, affecting 3 skin panels. The fuselage skin was abraded through in several areas with damage to the underlying stringers and frames. The forward and aft chords of the aft pressure bulkhead exhibited abrasion damage and the lower web was buckled.

Aircraft

Registration
N633DL
Reported as
Boeing 757 (232)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
23614
Built
1987
Airframe hours
94,368
Engines
Pratt and Whitney PW2037, 37,000 lbs thrust, turbo fanPratt and Whitney PW2037, 37,000 lbs thrust, turbo fan
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Part 121
Operator
Delta Air Lines
Registered owner
Wells Fargo Bank Northwest Na Trustee
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · May 20, 2017
Departed
KATL · Atlanta, GA
Destination
KRDU · Morrisville, NC
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
KRDU · Raleigh-Durham International, runway 5L, 10,000 × 150 ft, concrete
Equipment
Auto-pilot, Angle of attack indicator, Stall warning system, Satellite tracking device, Onboard weather, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Data recorder

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 2

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
59
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Unknown
Last flight review
October 14, 2016
Seat
Left
Restraint
5-point
Flight hours
15,588 total · 7,131 in this make and model · 8,564 as pilot in command · 129 in the last 90 days · 7 in the last 24 hours
Role
Co-pilot
Age
43
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Medical
Class 1, Unknown
Last flight review
May 12, 2017
Seat
Right
Restraint
5-point
Flight hours
85 total · 85 in this make and model · 85 in the last 90 days · 7 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Night
Wind
70° at 13 knots, gusting 23
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
5,500 ft broken
Temperature
79 °F, dew point 68 °F
Altimeter
30.14 inHg
Observed at
RDU

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 20, 2020, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 9.4 MB in all.

Other investigations on N633DL · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.