DCA23LA252

NTSB accident investigation · Boeing 777-223 · Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic Ocean) · April 22, 2023

Accident · Serious injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal report
Date
April 22, 2023, 12:00 UTC
Place
Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic Ocean) · Destination Airport
Injuries
2 serious, 2 minor, 217 uninjured
Damage
No damage
Phase of flight
Enroute
Aircraft
N770ANBoeing 777-223
Defining event
Enroute: Turbulence encounter
Weather
Instrument (IMC) · Night
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Major Investigations Division
Parties
FAA
Case key
107126

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

An encounter with inadvertent convective turbulence during cruise flight.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Turbulence: convective turbulenceEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Accuracy of related infoBoeing 777-223: 4 casesAll aircraft: 145 casesProbable cause
Convective weatherEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on personnelBoeing 777-223: 1 caseAll aircraft: 17 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

American Airlines flight 748 experienced turbulence enroute to Comunidad De Madi (MAD), Madrid, Spain. As a result of the turbulence, three flight attendants sustained injuries, two being serious, while one passenger sustained a minor injury. The airplane was not damaged, and the flight crew continued to MAD where they were met by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) upon landing. The flight was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Charlotte International Airport (CLT), Charlotte, North Carolina to MAD. The flight crew reported having a view of lightning at about an 11 o’clock position. The onboard radar also indicated rain ahead of them. Upon confirming that the sky above them was clear of any cloud cover or weather, the flight crew requested an up to 20-mile deviation of course to avoid the weather ahead, to which air traffic control (ATC) approved. As they approached the area where the radar had previously shown that there was rain, the radar was no longer showing rain and the flight crew could see no signs of rain directly ahead of them. The flight crew reported attempts to reference both of their personal weather apps to confirm the weather shown on the cockpit radar but was unsuccessful due to the lack of internet connection. Because of this, the flight crew concluded the weather to have passed and subsequently decided to no longer deviate from the original course. The unexpected turbulence event was experienced soon after. The flight crew reported that the turbulence was sudden and came without warning. The cabin crew reported they were preparing for arrival service into MAD when they experienced a “sudden loss in altitude” and a series of jolts. The flight and cabin crew both reported that the turbulence lasted around 30 - 40 seconds and that flight crew reported that the autopilot disengaged but did not cause a deviation in altitude of more than 200 feet. Three flight attendants reported they were preparing the back galley for meal service when the unexpected turbulence occurred, causing all three flight attendants to be thrown in the air and “slammed” on the floor. The flight attendants also reported that a passenger was thrown in the air and hit their head. After landing, the three flight attendants were seen by EMTs, and all were taken to the local hospital for further care. The flight crew was aware of thunderstorms in the area, subsequently the seatbelt sign was on, but no announcement was made to inform passengers or cabin crew of potential turbulence. The flight crew informed ATC about the injuries and requested EMTs to meet the airplane upon arrival.

Aircraft

Registration
N770AN
Reported as
Boeing 777-223
Category
Airplane
Serial number
29578
Built
1999
Airframe hours
89,844.55
Engines
Rolls-Royc RB-211 SERIES, 22,000 lbs thrust, turbo fanRolls-Royc RB-211 SERIES, 22,000 lbs thrust, turbo fan
Damage
No damage
Flight
Part 121
Operator
American Airlines Inc, doing business as American Airlines
Registered owner
American Airlines Inc
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · April 20, 2023
Departed
CLT · Charlotte, NC
Destination
MAD · Madrid, OF
Flight plan
Military VFR
Equipment
Auto-pilot, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Angle of attack indicator, ADS-B, Stall warning system, Onboard weather, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew · 6

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
59
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Single-engine sea
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1
Last flight review
January 26, 2023
Seat
Left
Restraint
5-point
Flight hours
198 in this make and model
Role
Co-pilot
Age
64
Injuries
None
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Medical
Class 1
Last flight review
August 27, 2022
Seat
Right
Restraint
5-point
Flight hours
2,799 in this make and model
Role
Pilot-rated passenger
Injuries
Unknown
Seat
Rear
Flight hours
15,720 total
Role
Cabin crew
Injuries
Serious
Seat
None
Restraint
None
Role
Cabin crew
Injuries
Minor
Seat
None
Restraint
None
Role
Cabin crew
Injuries
Serious
Seat
None
Restraint
None

Weather

Conditions
Instrument (IMC) · Night
Wind
216° at 76 knots
Altimeter
29.92 inHg
Turbulence
Severe

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 18, 2024, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 2.2 MB in all.