DCA94MA038

NTSB accident investigation · Mcdonnell Douglas MD-82 · Flushing, NY · March 2, 1994

Accident · Minor injuriesClass 1 · MajorFinal report
Date
March 2, 1994, 17:59 local (22:59 UTC)
Place
Flushing, NY
Injuries
30 minor, 86 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Takeoff
Aircraft
N18835Mcdonnell Douglas MD-82
Weather
Instrument (IMC) · Night/dark
Status
Completed · report April 12, 1995
Report
Board-adopted at Board Meeting
Investigation class
Class 1
NTSB office
Major Investigations Division
Safety recommendations
Yes
FAA report
19940302047139A
Case key
10983

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The failure of the flightcrew to comply with checklist procedures to turn on an operable pitot/static heat system, resulting in ice and/or snow blockage of the pitot tubes that produced erroneous airspeed indications, and the flightcrew's untimely response to anomalous airspeed indications with the consequent rejection of takeoff at an actual speed of 5 knots above V1. (NTSB report AAR-95/01)

Sequence of events

NTSB’s coding before 2008: each occurrence and phase of flight, and the causes and factors under it. The codes are defined in NTSB’s coding manual.

OverrunTakeoff - aborted
Checklist - not complied withFlightcrewCause
Anti-ice/deice system - not usedFlightcrewCause
Weather condition - snowFactor
Weather condition - temperature,lowFactor
Pitot/static system - obstructedFactor
Aborted takeoff - delayedFlightcrewCause
Abort above v1 - performedFlightcrew

Analysis

The airplane ran off the end of the runway during a rejected takeoff, coming to rest on a dike and a tidal mud flat. FDR data confirmed that the pitot heat had not been selected 'on' by the flightcrew. A buildup of snow and/or ice in the pitot/static system tubes and ports resulted in erroneous airspeed readings during the attempted takeoff. Substantial deviations from checklist procedures were recorded on the CVR. 19 seconds elapsed between the time that the airplane actually accelerated through 60 KIAS (the first mark on the airspeed indicator) and the start of the rejected takeoff.

Factual narrative

On March 2, 1994, at 1758 eastern standard time, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80, N18835, operated by Continental Airlines as flight 795, sustained substantial damage during an aborted takeoff at La Guardia Airport in Flushing, New York (LGA). Of the 116 persons on board the airplane, two were flight crewmembers, four were cabin crewmembers, and 110 were passengers. There were seven minor injuries during the accident sequence and evacuation.

A special weather observation, made about 5 minutes after the accident, found the weather as drifting snow conditions, with an indefinite ceiling at 500 feet, obscured, with the wind out of 050 at 23 knots.

The flight was to have been from LGA to Denver Stapleton International Airport, Colorado (DEN). During the attempted takeoff on runway 13, the first officer was at the controls. The captain, seeing that the airspeed indication was not increasing normally, but remained low, elected to abort by pulling back on the throttles, entering reverse thrust , and taking control of the airplane. The airplane came to rest pitched downward, so that the nose of the airplane rested on a mud flat of the Flushing Bay Tidal, which at the time of the accident, was above the waterline.

Aircraft

Registration
N18835
Reported as
Mcdonnell Douglas MD-82
Category
Airplane
Serial number
N18835
Airframe hours
23,448
Engine
P&W JT8D-217A, 20,850 lbs thrust, turbo jet
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Part 121
Operator
Continental Airlines
Registered owner
Continental Airlines
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Transport
Last inspection
Continuous airworthiness · April 5, 1993 · 3,153 hours before
Destination
DEN · Denver, CO
Flight plan
IFR
Airport
LGA · Laguardia, runway 13, 7,000 × 150 ft, asphalt

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
57
Certificates
Commercial, Flight engineer, Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Valid Medical--no waivers/lim.
Seat
Left
Toxicology
Performed
Flight hours
23,000 total · 6,000 in this make and model

Weather

Conditions
Instrument (IMC) · Night/dark
Wind
50° at 23 knots
Visibility
0.5 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
500 ft
Temperature
28 °F, dew point 27 °F
Altimeter
30.00 inHg
Observed at
LGA

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.