ERA11CA261

NTSB accident investigation · Piper J3C-65 · Westfield, MA · April 22, 2011

Accident · No injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
April 22, 2011, 18:45 local (22:45 UTC)
Place
Westfield, MA
Injuries
2 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Standing
Aircraft
N10674Piper J3C-65
Defining event
Standing-engine(s) start-up: Loss of control on ground
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report August 3, 2011
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20110422012151A
Case key
78948

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot's sole reliance on the passenger for securing the airplane during the engine start and the passenger's inability to maintain braking after the engine started.

Findings · 3

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Landing gear system: brakeAircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operationPiper J3C-65: 1 caseAll aircraft: 297 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PassengerPiper J3C-65: 43 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot stated that he was hand-propping the airplane, as it was not equipped with an electric starter. A passenger, who had flown with him twice since the previous fall, was sitting in the front seat. The pilot instructed the passenger to hold the heel brakes with her toes, and initially verified her ability to do so by pushing on the propeller hub. He then returned to the cockpit area and explained the application of full-aft elevator stick to prevent propeller airflow from raising the tail, and the use of the throttle, which he opened 1/8 to 1/4 inch for the start. The pilot also explained the use of the magnetos, had the passenger turn the magneto switch through the "Both" and "Off" positions twice, and advised her that if anything went wrong, to switch the magnetos off. After priming the engine, the pilot confirmed that the brakes were set by attempting to push the airplane from the propeller hub, then confirmed elevator movement when the control stick was fully aft. The pilot threw the propeller and on the third attempt the engine caught. As the pilot walked around the wing tip to get into the airplane, the airplane began rolling. He called out for the passenger to turn off the magnetos; however, the airplane rolled into a parked airplane. The pilot did not note any mechanical anomalies with the airplane, nor did he indicate the use of any other airplane securing devices such as chocks or a tail tie-down.

Factual narrative

The pilot stated that he was hand-propping the airplane, as it was not equipped with an electric starter. A passenger, who had flown with him twice since the previous fall, was sitting in the front seat. The pilot instructed the passenger to hold the heel brakes with her toes, and initially verified her ability to do so by pushing on the propeller hub. He then returned to the cockpit area and explained the application of full-aft elevator stick to prevent propeller airflow from raising the tail, and the use of the throttle, which he opened 1/8 to 1/4 inch for the start. The pilot also explained the use of the magnetos, had the passenger turn the magneto switch through the "Both" and "Off" positions twice, and advised her that if anything went wrong, to switch the magnetos off. After priming the engine, the pilot called out, "brakes - set," and again confirmed them by attempting to push the airplane from the propeller hub, then called out, "stick - back," and confirmed elevator movement. The pilot threw the propeller, and on the third attempt, the engine caught. As the pilot walked around the wingtip to get into the airplane, the airplane began rolling. He called out for the passenger to turn off the magnetos; however, the airplane rolled into a parked airplane. The pilot did not note any mechanical anomalies with the airplane, nor did he indicate the use of any other airplane securing devices such as chocks or a tail tie-down.

Aircraft

Registration
N10674
Reported as
Piper J3C-65
Category
Airplane
Serial number
20168
Airframe hours
4,870
Engine
Cont Motor A&C65 SERIES, 65 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Westfield Flight Academy
Registered owner
Mymie Pham
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · November 16, 2010
Departed
BAF · Westfield, MA
Destination
BAF · Westfield, MA
Airport
BAF · Barnes Municipal Airport

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
22
Injuries
None
Certificates
Commercial, Flight instructor
Airplane ratings
Multi-engine land, Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Last flight review
April 5, 2010
Flight hours
751 total · 67 in this make and model · 686 as pilot in command · 93 in the last 90 days · 50 in the last 30 days · 4 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
190° at 13 knots, gusting 18
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
11,000 ft broken
Temperature
52 °F, dew point 25 °F
Altimeter
30.39 inHg
Observed at
BAF

Docket · 1

The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 6, 2011, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 637 KB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.