ERA15LA052

NTSB accident investigation · Dehavilland Tiger Moth DH 82A · Williamson, GA · November 15, 2014

Accident · Serious injuriesLimited investigationFinal report
Date
November 15, 2014, 10:30 local (15:30 UTC)
Place
Williamson, GA
Injuries
1 serious, 1 minor
Damage
Destroyed
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N28681Dehavilland Tiger Moth DH 82A
Defining event
Maneuvering: Loss of control in flight
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report January 5, 2016
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA/FSDO
FAA report
20141115022009A
Case key
90390

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot’s failure to maintain airspeed while maneuvering, which led to the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and experiencing an aerodynamic stall at an insufficient altitude to fully recover before collision with obstacles and terrain.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: airspeedAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedDehavilland TIGER MOTH DH 82A: 2 casesAll aircraft: 1,681 casesProbable cause
Object/animal/substanceEnvironmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcomeDehavilland TIGER MOTH DH 82A: 1 caseAll aircraft: 224 cases
Performance/control parameters: angle of attackAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedDehavilland TIGER MOTH DH 82A: 2 casesAll aircraft: 990 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

According to the pilot, the airplane's engine power and performance were "good," and the airplane demonstrated its "gentle" handling characteristics through both left and right 30-degree banking turns. The airplane crossed the airport about traffic pattern altitude and then entered a vertical, nose-down descent. The pilot reported that he could not recall how the airplane transitioned from level flight to a nose-down descent. However, it is likely that the pilot did not maintain airspeed and that the airplane exceeded its critical angle-of-attack. During the descent, the pilot held the control stick fully aft, and the elevator gained enough authority to allow him to level the airplane just above ground level as he flew it between a parked airplane and the airport restaurant. The airplane then collided with a flagpole, the restaurant, and terrain before coming to rest upright. The pilot said that, once the airspeed increased sufficiently during the descent, he had full flight control authority. He reported that there were no mechanical deficiencies with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Factual narrative

On November 15, 2014, about 1030 eastern standard time, a DeHavilland DH82A Tiger Moth, N28681, was destroyed during collision with structures and terrain following a loss of control in flight at Peach State Airport (GA2), Williamson, Georgia. The private pilot sustained minor injuries, while his pilot-rated passenger was seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions (VMC) prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the personal flight, which originated from GA2 about 1020. The flight was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.The pilot was interviewed by telephone and provided a written statement. He said the purpose of the flight was to familiarize the passenger with the operation of the airplane. According to the pilot, the preflight inspection, engine start, warm-up, taxi, and takeoff were conducted with no anomalies noted. He briefed the passenger that he would depart from runway 31, perform some turns, and return over the airport in order to enter a right downwind for landing on runway 13. The airplane's engine power and performance were "good" and the airplane demonstrated its "gentle" handling characteristics through both left and right 30-degree bank turns. The pilot said he crossed the airport about traffic pattern altitude, and then remembered being in a vertical, nose-down descent. He said he had no recollection of how the airplane transitioned from level flight to descending nose down. The pilot stated that he held the control stick fully aft during the descent, and that the elevator gained enough authority to level the airplane just above ground level, as he flew between a parked airplane and the airport restaurant. The airplane then collided with a flagpole, the restaurant, and terrain before coming to rest upright. The pilot said that once the airspeed increased sufficiently during the descent, he had full flight control authority. Photographs of the wreckage by a local media outlet revealed that the entire tube and fabric structure of the airplane was completely destroyed. A flag and flagpole were seen entangled with the wreckage. The engine and propeller were not visible. According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and maintenance records, the airplane was manufactured in 1945. Its most recent annual inspection was completed October 3, 2014, at 1,749 total aircraft hours. The pilot held a private pilot certificate with a rating for airplane single engine land. His most recent FAA third class medical certificate was issued in April 8, 2014. The pilot reported 1,400 total hours of flight experience, of which 305 were in the accident airplane make and model. The pilot reported that there were no mechanical deficiencies with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Aircraft

Registration
N28681
Reported as
Dehavilland Tiger Moth DH 82A
Category
Airplane
Serial number
PG621-81
Built
1945
Airframe hours
1,749
Engine
Dehav ENG GIPSY MAJOR, 130 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Destroyed
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Operator
Harwell David C
Registered owner
Harwell David C
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · October 3, 2014 · 5 hours before
Departed
GA2 · Williamson, GA
Destination
GA2 · Williamson, GA
Airport
GA2 · Peach State, runway 13, 2,400 × 100 ft, grass/turf

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
54
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Private
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
July 22, 2014
Seat
Rear
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
1,400 total · 305 in this make and model · 1,360 as pilot in command · 12 in the last 90 days · 12 in the last 30 days · 0 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
100° at 5 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
37 °F, dew point 19 °F
Altimeter
30.39 inHg
Observed at
6A2, 6 nm away

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 19, 2015, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 1.7 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N28681 · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.