ERA20CA227

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 172 · Churchville, MD · June 19, 2020

Accident · No injuriesClass 4 · Data collectionFinal report
Date
June 19, 2020, 13:45 local (17:45 UTC)
Place
Churchville, MD
Injuries
1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Landing
Aircraft
N21585Cessna 172
Defining event
Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA / FSDO
FAA report
20200619009069A
Case key
101482

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

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Probable cause

The student pilot's improper landing flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing in gusty wind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Performance/control parameters: landing flareAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintainedCessna 172M: 37 casesAll aircraft: 1,285 casesProbable cause
Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilotCessna 172M: 123 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
Action: incorrect action performancePersonnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilotCessna 172M: 19 casesAll aircraft: 1,386 casesProbable cause
Wind: gustsEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operationCessna 172M: 26 casesAll aircraft: 1,199 casesProbable cause

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The student pilot was practicing takeoffs and landings in the airport traffic pattern and had previously completed two previous successful landings while flying with his flight instructor. The flight instructor then disembarked, and the student took off for what would be his second solo flight. After one successful landing, he approached the runway for a second. His approach to final was normal and stabilized and the student transitioned to landing. Upon contact with the runway the airplane bounced and became airborne, then touched down again, but this time nosewheel first which made the airplane bounce again and became airborne. The student applied full power to go around, then hesitated, and reduced power to attempt to recover the landing. The airplane immediately descended and struck the ground hard. The student attempted to slow down by pulling back on the control wheel and simultaneously applying the brakes. The airplane veered off the left side of the runway, stopped abruptly, and tipped up onto its nose. The airplane’s left wing was substantially damaged during the accident. The operator reported that there were no mechanical failures or malfunctions of the airplane that would have precluded normal operation, nor did the student pilot or flight instructor report any in their provided written statements. The student also reported that the wind gusts on the accident landing approach were higher than the previous approaches, and while on final over the runway, “…it was as if the wind had been taken out from under the wings, resulting in the accelerated decent rate.” He added that he was reluctant to pull back on the control wheel, as a stall could have resulted.

Aircraft

Registration
N21585
Reported as
Cessna 172 (M)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
17263978
Built
1974
Airframe hours
4,193.3
Engine
Lycoming O-320-E2D, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Instructional · Part 91
Operator
Harford Air Services
Registered owner
CK Leasing Services LLC.
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility
Last inspection
Annual · June 1, 2020 · 30 hours before
Departed
0W3 · Churchville, MD
Destination
0W3 · Churchville, MD
Airport
0W3 · Harford County, runway 19, 2,856 × 75 ft, asphalt
Equipment
Stall warning system, ADS-B

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Student pilot
Age
37
Injuries
None
Certificate
Student
Medical
Class 1, Without waivers/limitations
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
22.3 total · 20.3 in this make and model · 1.2 as pilot in command · 5.4 in the last 90 days · 2.9 in the last 30 days

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
220° at 10 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
15,000 ft broken
Temperature
81 °F, dew point 68 °F
Altimeter
30.06 inHg
Observed at
APG, 9 nm away

Docket · 3

The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 22, 2021, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 13.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.