ERA22LA080

NTSB accident investigation · Piper PA-12 · Labelle, FL · November 30, 2021

Accident · Serious injuriesClass 4 · LimitedFinal report
Date
November 30, 2021, 16:01 local (21:01 UTC)
Place
Labelle, FL
Injuries
1 serious
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Maneuvering
Aircraft
N3098MPiper PA-12
Defining event
Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Fuel starvation
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed
Report
Approved by Office Director
Investigation class
Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
NTSB office
Eastern Region Aviation
Parties
FAA / FSDO
FAA report
20211130020029A
Case key
104336

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The NTSB’s determination of the probable cause, and any contributing factors.

The pilot’s improper fuel system modification, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.

Findings · 8

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings.

Analysis

The pilot reported that he departed from a private field to refuel at a nearby airport which was about 6 nautical miles away. He stated that he had selected the left fuel tank for the flight as there was only residual fuel in the right tank. During the flight, the engine began to lose power like “it was starved for fuel” and he elected to land on an area of private property. During the landing, the airplane encountered a ditch, which resulted in substantial damage to the wings and fuselage. A post-accident examination revealed that the left tank was full of fuel, the right fuel tank was empty and the fuel strainer and carburetor bowl were both devoid of fuel. Further examination revealed that during a fuel system modification, the fuel lines had been crossed and were connected to the wrong fuel selectors, which resulted in the engine drawing fuel from the right tank when the left tank was selected. When asked, the pilot stated that he completed the maintenance on the airplane and the fuel lines may have been “crossed up.” The airplane’s last annual inspection occurred in 2016. The pilot did not possess a valid medical certificate, flight review, or airframe and powerplant certificate, and had been flying, and working on the airplane which was certificated in the normal and utility category himself, without any annual inspections, since he purchased it in 2019.

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident.

Aircraft

Registration
N3098M
Reported as
Piper PA-12
Category
Airplane
Serial number
12-1784
Built
1947
Airframe hours
2,191
Engine
Lycoming O-320-C2A, 150 horsepower, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · June 26, 2016 · 102 hours before
Departed
95FD · Fort Denaud, FL
Destination
X14 · Labelle, FL
Airport
N/A
Equipment
None

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
76
Injuries
Serious
Certificate
Commercial
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Seat
Front
Restraint
Lap only
Flight hours
3,480 total

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
350° at 4 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
73 °F, dew point 32 °F
Altimeter
30.10 inHg
Observed at
RSW, 19 nm away

Docket · 5

The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 24, 2022, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 11.6 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.

Other investigations on N3098M · 1

Matched to the same aircraft by N-number and date.