GAA16CA271

NTSB accident investigation · Cessna 182 · Elk River, ID · June 1, 2016

Accident · Minor injuriesData collectionFinal report
Date
June 1, 2016, 10:30 local (17:30 UTC)
Place
Elk River, ID
Injuries
1 minor, 1 uninjured
Damage
Substantial damage
Phase of flight
Takeoff
Aircraft
N21242Cessna 182
Defining event
Takeoff: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Weather
Visual (VMC) · Day
Status
Completed · report August 31, 2016
Report
Approved by Office Director
NTSB office
General Aviation Accidents
Parties
FAA
FAA report
20160601008499A
Case key
93292

From the NTSB’s public API. By law, NTSB reports can’t be used as evidence in lawsuits over the accident.

On this page

Probable cause

The pilot exceeded the critical angle of attack during takeoff which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and impact with terrain.

Findings · 4

NTSB’s coded findings. Those marked are part of the probable cause; the rest are factors or other findings. Under each, the cases with the same finding.

Use of equip/info: aircraft controlPersonnel issues › Task performance · PilotCessna 182P: 48 casesAll aircraft: 9,295 casesProbable cause
Performance/control parameters: angle of attackAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceededCessna 182P: 3 casesAll aircraft: 990 casesProbable cause
Aircraft capability: climb capabilityAircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceededCessna 182P: 3 casesAll aircraft: 183 cases
Wind: tailwindEnvironmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on equipmentCessna 182P: 4 casesAll aircraft: 594 cases

Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event is the one that best describes the accident. Under each, the cases with the same event anywhere in their sequence.

Analysis

The pilot reported that during takeoff with a tailwind, about 20-30 feet above the ground, the airplane aerodynamically stalled then impacted the ground. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. According to the pilot there were no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. The Federal Aviation Administration has published the Airplane Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-3A (2004). This handbook discusses stalls and states in part: The key to stall awareness is the pilot's ability to visualize the wing's angle of attack in any particular circumstance, and thereby be able to estimate his/her margin of safety above stall. This is a learned skill that must be acquired early in flight training and carried through the pilot's entire flying career. The pilot must understand and appreciate factors such as airspeed, pitch attitude, load factor, relative wind, power setting, and aircraft configuration in order to develop a reasonably accurate mental picture of the wing's angle of attack at any particular time. It is essential to flight safety that a pilot takes into consideration this visualization of the wing's angle of attack prior to entering any flight maneuver. Stall accidents usually result from an inadvertent stall at a low altitude in which a recovery was not accomplished prior to contact with the surface.

Factual narrative

The pilot reported that during takeoff with a tailwind, about 20-30 feet above the ground, the airplane aerodynamically stalled then impacted the ground. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. According to the pilot there were no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. The Federal Aviation Administration has published the Airplane Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-3A (2004). This handbook discusses stalls and states in part: The key to stall awareness is the pilot's ability to visualize the wing's angle of attack in any particular circumstance, and thereby be able to estimate his/her margin of safety above stall. This is a learned skill that must be acquired early in flight training and carried through the pilot's entire flying career. The pilot must understand and appreciate factors such as airspeed, pitch attitude, load factor, relative wind, power setting, and aircraft configuration in order to develop a reasonably accurate mental picture of the wing's angle of attack at any particular time. It is essential to flight safety that a pilot takes into consideration this visualization of the wing's angle of attack prior to entering any flight maneuver. Stall accidents usually result from an inadvertent stall at a low altitude in which a recovery was not accomplished prior to contact with the surface.

Aircraft

Registration
N21242
Reported as
Cessna 182 (P)
Category
Airplane
Serial number
18261510
Built
1972
Airframe hours
3,372.5
Engine
Continental O-470-R, 230 hp, reciprocating
Damage
Substantial damage
Flight
Personal · Part 91
Airworthiness certificate
Standard, Normal
Last inspection
Annual · May 25, 2016
Departed
ID85 · Elk River, ID
Destination
1U1 · Moose Creek Ranger Station, ID
Airport
ID85 · Elk River, runway 35, 3,000 × 150 ft, gravel
Equipment
Handheld GPS, Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, Stall warning system, Satellite tracking device, Onboard weather

Matched to the registry by N-number and the event date; the registry’s history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

Role
Pilot
Age
67
Injuries
Minor
Certificate
Airline transport
Airplane ratings
Single-engine land, Multi-engine land
Instrument ratings
Airplane
Medical
Class 3, With waivers/limitations
Last flight review
April 28, 2015
Seat
Left
Restraint
3-point
Flight hours
16,000 total · 400 in this make and model · 5,000 as pilot in command · 5 in the last 90 days · 3 in the last 30 days · 1 in the last 24 hours

Weather

Conditions
Visual (VMC) · Day
Wind
140° at 9 knots
Visibility
10 statute miles
Lowest ceiling
None
Temperature
68 °F, dew point 46 °F
Altimeter
29.95 inHg
Observed at
KPUW, 39 nm away

Docket · 2

The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 16, 2016, on NTSB’s docket system: statements, records, photos and specialists’ reports. 2.0 MB in all.

FAA reports on this event · 1

The FAA’s own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date.